利用聚乙烯醇结晶辅助制备多重交联的高强度聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶

在表面带有C=C双键的乙烯基杂化二氧化硅纳米颗粒(vinyl hybrid silica nanoparticle,VSNP)上接枝丙烯酰胺(AM),所得到的纳米刷状凝胶因子通过聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)间的氢键形成物理交联点,则多官能化的VSNP可作为拟共价交联点构筑双重交联的单一网络纳米复合物理水凝胶(nanocomposite physical hydrogel,NCP gel),表现出较高的强度和超拉伸性.为了进一步提高凝胶的强度和韧性,将少量PVA和PAM/VSNP纳米刷混合制成凝胶,通过冷冻-融化处理,使与PAM分子链相互缠绕并形成氢键作用的PVA结晶,形成新的交联点进一步交联PAM NCP gel,得到多交联的PAM NCP gel体系.通过拉曼光谱和示差扫描量热分析,证明凝胶中的PVA通过氢键既可以与PAM相互作用,又形成微晶为新交联点,大大增强了NCP gel的力学性能,与PAM NCP gel相比,凝胶的拉伸强度和断裂能分别从313 k Pa和1.41×104 J/m~2提高到了557k Pa和4.65×104 J/m~2.     

羧甲基纤维素-壳聚糖水凝胶球的制备及性能

采用物理交联法制备了羧甲基纤维素(CMC)-壳聚糖(CS)共混水凝胶球;研究了共混球的耐酸碱性、溶胀性及对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能.结果表明,水凝胶球在弱酸和弱碱中具有一定的稳定性;随着羧甲基纤维素与壳聚糖质量比的增大,水凝胶的吸水溶胀率增加.在CMC与CS质量比为1∶4时制备的水凝胶呈规则球状.     

磺化聚苯乙烯纳米微球-聚丙烯酰胺杂化水凝胶的制备及性能

首先通过乳液聚合法合成了聚苯乙烯(PS)微球,该微球经浓硫酸磺化后得到了磺化聚苯乙烯(SPS)微球;然后将合成的SPS微球作为多功能交联点加入丙稀酰胺(AAm)化学水凝胶网络中制备了SPS-PAAm杂化水凝胶。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜观察了SPS微球及杂化水凝胶的微观结构。研究了SPS微球对SPS-PAAm杂化水凝胶的凝胶分数、溶胀性能和力学性能的影响。结果显示:随着SPS微球用量的增加,SPS-PAAm水凝胶的凝胶分数先增加后降低,平衡溶胀度降低;SPS微球的加入能改善水凝胶的力学性能,随着SPS含量的增加,水凝胶的拉伸强度和能量损耗增加;SPS微球和PAAm分子链间存在物理相互作用。     

双重交联VSNPs-PAA纳米复合水凝胶的制备及其溶胀性能的研究

采用自由基聚合法合成了乙烯基硅纳米粒子-聚丙烯酸(VSNPs-PAA)双重交联复合水凝胶,考察了交联剂、引发剂、单体以及p H值、温度、盐溶液等对水凝胶溶胀行为的影响。结果表明,引发剂浓度为0.08%,交联剂浓度为0.1%,单体浓度为80%时,合成的水凝胶溶胀性能最大,吸水率达到5000%以上;该水凝胶不仅具有p H值敏感性和p H值变化下良好的反复性,而且在p H4的酸性溶液中表现出温度敏感性,其溶胀率随温度的升高而增大;水凝胶的溶胀率随着盐溶液浓度的增大而减小。     

会变形的水凝胶

本实验是关于可变形水凝胶的制备及其复杂形变的设计和调控的新创综合实验。首先,利用自由基聚合交联法制备含有聚丙烯酸钠(PNaAAc)的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮-聚丙烯酰胺(PVP-PAAm)水凝胶。该凝胶具有优良的力学性能,其中PNaAAc可与Fe3+等金属离子络合,从而增加水凝胶的交联密度,降低其溶胀程度。使用离子转移印花技术和新开发的离子墨水打印技术在凝胶单面或双面不同位置引入Fe3+交联,改变水凝胶局部表面的交联密度和溶胀性能。处理后的凝胶样品在溶胀或去溶胀时可发生由一维到二维、二维到三维以及简单三维到复杂三维的复杂可控形变。     

微流控纺丝制备葡萄糖响应凝胶纤维

葡萄糖响应凝胶纤维在血糖监测传感器开发中有着潜在的应用前景。本文基于微流控纺丝方法和自由基聚合反应制备了化学交联和物理交联的葡萄糖响应聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/3-丙烯酰胺基苯硼酸)(P(NIPAM-co-AAPBA))凝胶纤维。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和力学性能测试等技术手段表征了凝胶纤维的结构和形态、力学性能、溶胀度动力学与葡萄糖响应性。结果表明,凝胶纤维具有多孔的微观结构,通过改变芯层与壳层溶液的流速可以调控凝胶纤维的直径。随着AAPBA质量分数的增加,凝胶纤维的溶胀速率和平衡溶胀度均有所降低,但葡萄糖响应性能提高。与化学交联的凝胶纤维相比,物理交联的凝胶纤维具有良好的力学性能。     

pH敏感的聚(L-谷氨酸)-交联聚丙烯酸水凝胶的合成与性能研究

通过在聚L-谷氨酸侧链部分接枝甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯得到含有双键的聚(L-谷氨酸),将其与丙烯酸共聚得到由聚(L-谷氨酸)侧链接枝并交联聚丙烯酸的pH敏感水凝胶.研究水凝胶在不同pH的缓冲溶液中的溶胀性、溶胀动力学,并通过SEM观察水凝胶的微观结构.结果表明,水凝胶在低pH环境下的溶胀率明显低于高pH环境中的溶胀率,不同...     

纳米复合水凝胶的力学行为与刺激响应性

纳米复合水凝胶（nanocomposite hydrogels,NC凝胶）由于其简便的制备方法、独特的组成、优异的力学性能、高光学透明度以及良好的溶胀/去溶胀性等,引起了广泛的关注.近年来,本课题组在NC凝胶的力学行为及刺激响应性NC凝胶的制备方面取得了可喜的研究成果.观察到新合成的和溶胀平衡的聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（PNIPAm）-锂藻土LaponiteNC凝胶的超拉伸性,发现了在大应变下的应变硬化现象;发现利用Mooney-Rivlin方程可以描述NC凝胶的压缩应力-应变,但不能描述较大的应变硬化;Creton模型能很好地描述NC凝胶在大形变下的应力-应变曲线,特别是凝胶的应变硬化;从NC凝胶小应变下的平衡剪切模量得到了有效交联密度,观察到NC凝胶形变-回复过程的迟滞现象,测定了NC凝胶的松弛指数.我们认为NC凝胶具有超拉伸性的原因是其较低的交联密度和适度的松弛速率;在响应性NC凝胶的制备方面,发现了溶胶型Laponite的水分散液的稳定窗口,避免了加入离子性单体引起的聚集沉淀;通过共聚制备了具有超拉伸性、pH响应或温度和pH双响应的透明NC凝胶.本文主要综述了我们课题组在NC凝胶力学行为及响应性NC凝胶领域的一些研究进展,并分析了NC凝胶研究领域仍然未解决的科学问题,以及今后可能的发展方向.     

丝素蛋白纤维/聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶的性能

以丝素蛋白纤维为填充材料,采用自由基聚合的方法制备复合聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPPAm)水凝胶,研究复合水凝胶的黏弹性能、溶胀性能和反复溶胀-收缩性能。结果表明:丝素蛋白纤维的加入改善了复合水凝胶的力学性能,其平衡溶胀率不仅与温度有关,而且与丝素蛋白纤维的含量有关。此外,处在表面的丝素蛋白纤维与水凝胶之间存在间隙,在反复溶胀-收缩过程中可以作为输水通道,有利于水分子进出,提高了PNIPPAm水凝胶对温度的响应速率并使其溶胀-收缩重复性更好。     

含有锂皂土/聚多巴胺复合纳米微粒的再生丝蛋白水凝胶

在辣根过氧化物酶/过氧化氢酶促交联(化学交联)制备再生丝蛋白化学交联凝胶的过程中,通过引入锂皂土/聚多巴胺复合纳米材料作为第二组分,以调节反应并提高化学交联效率;再经乙醇熟化后,再生丝蛋白化学交联凝胶中可进一步形成物理网络,进而得到双交联凝胶.结果表明,第二组分的引入不仅能够提高再生丝蛋白化学交联水凝胶的力学性能,并有利于后续均匀物理交联网络的形成,致使最终所得双交联水凝胶具有更好的力学性能.同时,由此制备的双交联水凝胶传承了再生丝蛋白良好的生物相容性以及与交联结构密切相关的生物降解性,并具备了诱导干细胞成骨分化的能力,因而在软骨修复等领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.