金刚石格点上自避行走尾形链的构象统计理论

研究了金刚石格点上自避随机行走（ＳＡＷ）尾形链，采用精确计数和ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ模拟方法求得该ＳＡＷ尾形链的构象数Ｃ（Ｄ）１（Ｎ）和均方末端距［ｈ（Ｄ）１（Ｎ）］２及其分量随链长Ｎ的变化关系．发现它们与自由ＳＡＷ链一样都服从标度律，从这些量的计算机实验数据拟合求出了金刚石格点上ＳＡＷ尾形链的临界指数和格点指数．计算结果还表明短链ＳＡＷ在壁的法向与ＮＲＷ尾形链一样有所伸展，均方末端距的法向分量几乎是平行分量的２倍；但随Ｎ→∞，链自回避效应对壁的作用有所屏蔽．这些都与简立方格子模型上得到的结果一致．     

端基附壁模型聚合物环形链的构象统计理论

环形链定义为两个端基均附壁的线形聚合物链所得的环 .采用精确计数和蒙特卡罗模拟方法 ,研究了自回避行走 (SAW)模型表示的环形链的构象 ,求得构象数和均方回转半径随链长的变化 .对于二维和三维SAW环形链 ,精确计数的最大链长分别为N =2 9和 1 9.用标度理论处理了数值结果 ,所得的标度指数和其他参数与理论预示值进行了比较 .模拟结果表明 ,SAW环形链限制壁平行方向的尺寸大于垂直方向的尺寸 ,与SAW尾形链尺寸的变化正好相反 .     

模型高分子尾型链的构象统计理论

基于金刚石格点上受限于半空间的随机行走，借概率论中的反射原理推导出了模型高分子尾型链的构象分布．得到了链长为Ｎ的模型尾型链的允许构象数Ｃ１（Ｎ）和末端距分布函数．在四选择模型中，发现Ｃ１（Ｎ）／４Ｎ与Ｎ－１／２成正比．模型尾型链在与壁正交方向上的均方末端距分布与平行方向比较扩张至２倍，而后者与自由链对应的分量相等．这些解析结果得到了精确计数和ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ模拟计算机“实验”的支持．     

端基附壁高分子链的构象统计理论——Ⅲ.NRW环形链

当线形高分子链两端被固体壁吸附后,形成了“环形链”。采用半空间格点中的普通随机行走(NRW)模型讨论了环形链构象的统计理论。在NRW尾形链构象分布函数的基础上,容易推导出NRW环形链构象数的公式。当链长N→∞时,环形链构象数与自由链构象数之比随N~(-3/2)而变化。用递归方程也导出了同样的结果。环形链的均方末端距(?)与均方键长l~2之比为2N/3,与长度相同的自由链比较,有一定收缩。所导出的基本关系得到了精确计数和Monte Carlo模拟的支持。     

无规行走链回转半径几率分布函数的计算

使用无规行走模型,得到了线状分子链回转半径几率分布函数各阶矩的一般表达式。当链段数趋向无穷大时,无规行走链与Gauss链的渐近行为一致。本文还给出了无规行走链回转半径各阶矩的近似计算方法以及2阶矩、4阶矩、6阶矩与链段数关系的严格解析表达式。     

端基附壁高分子链的构象统计理论——Ⅱ.SAW尾形链

研究了SAW尾形链,采用精确计数和Monte Carlo模拟方法求得d维(d=2,3)SAW尾形链的构象数C_1~d和均方末端距[h_1~d(N)]~2及其分量随链长N的变化关系.发现它们与自由SAW链一样都服从标度律,从模拟数据拟合求出了这些SAW尾形链的临界指数.还表明短链SAW在壁的法向与NRW尾形链一样有所伸展,均方末端距的法向分量几乎是平行分量的2倍;但随N→∞,链自回避效应对壁的作用有所屏蔽,这与NRW尾形链有明显不同.     

模型高分子环形链的构象统计理论

模型高分子环形链的构象统计理论吴大诚，杜鹏，康健（成都科技大学纺织工学院，成都，６１００６５）关键词高分子构象，环形链，随机行走在前文中［１，２］我们曾较系统地讨论过模型高分子尾形链的构象统计学，假定高分子链的两端都被某一界面物理吸附或化学结合，所形...     

近壁模型高分子链的计算机模拟

采用简立方格点上的普通无规行走 (NRW)和自避行走 (SAW )为模型链 ,研究了不可穿透的刚性壁附近高分子的构象性质 ,得出近壁链的构象熵和尺寸随一端点与壁之间距离z0 的变化 .所用的计算机模拟技术包括精确计数和MonteCarlo模拟 .数值结果表明 ,近壁链的构象熵降低遵循一种简单规律 ,即当链长愈长或一端愈接近于壁时 ,与长度相同的自由链相比 ,链因壁限制所致构象熵的降低愈大 .当链十分接近于壁时 ,其均方末端距〈R2 〉(尤其是与壁垂直的分量〈R2z〉)大于自由链的相应值 ;随z0 增大 ,〈R2 〉及〈R2z〉开始减小 ,通过某一极小值 ,然后上升 ;当z0 →∞时 ,趋于自由链的极限值 .换言之 ,近壁模型链的线团经历一个收缩再逐渐扩张的过程     

圆环上的无规行走

研究了半径为R的圆环上的无规行走问题,给出了n步末端向量的几率分布ω(θ,n)和均方末端距2>的数学表达式,发现当R²》nl²时,2≈nl²即还原为一维直线上无规行走的结果;而当r²《nl²时,2>≈π²r²/3.还计算了平均末端距<|r|>及k阶矩k>和半径R的关系,同时作了简单的物理讨论。     

端基附壁高分子模型链的塌缩转变

借MonteCarlo和模拟退火方法研究了端基附壁高分子尾形链在不同温度下的形态变化 ,链的模型采用有最近邻相互吸引作用的自避行走 .计算机实验结果表明 ,对于端基附壁的高分子尾形链 ,与自由链一样 ,当温度逐渐降低时高分子链会发生从松散的无规线团到紧密球体的塌缩转变 .计算机模拟得到了端基附壁链的均方末端距及其分量 ,均方回转半径及分布随温度的变化 .由于刚性壁的影响 ,使得有限链长的高分子尾形链与自由链相比 ,其表示链尺寸 温度关系的曲线要稍低 .模拟还发现 ,在高温时壁对链形状的影响比较大 ,壁垂直方向上尺寸明显大于平行方向的尺寸 ,后者接近于自由链的尺寸分量 .然而 ,低于θ温度时 ,尤其是完全塌缩之后 ,壁对链形状的影响已经很小 .     

Conformational statistics of polymer chain terminally attached to wall (Ⅲ)——NRW model loop chain

When the two end groups of a linear polymer chain are absorbed on a solid surface,the polymer chain forms the "loop" conformation.Investigation has been made on the conformational statistics of a model loop chain by the normal landom walk (NRW) on a lattice confined in the half-infinite space.Based on the conformational distribution function of the NRW model tail chain,it is easy to deduce an analytical formula expressing the conforma-tional number of the model loop chain.It was found that the ratio of the conformational number of the model loop chain to that of the free chain varies with the power function N-2/3 when the chain length N→∞ The same result was obtained by means of the recursion equation.The ratio of the mean square end-to-end distance h2 for the model loop chain to its mean square bond length I2 is 2N/3 Compared with the free chain with the same length N,the mean square end-to-end distance of the model loop chain contracts to a certain extent.The basic relationships deduced were support     

Conformational statistics of polymer chain terminally attached to wall (III) —NRW model loop chain

When the two end groups of a linear polymer chain are absorbed on a solid surface, the polymer chain forms the “loop” conformation. Investigation has been made on the conformational statistics of a model loop chain by the normal random walk (NRW) on a lattice confined in the half-infinite space. Based on the conformational distribution function of the NRW model tail chain, it is easy to deduce an analytical formula expressing the conformational number of the model loop chain. It was found that the ratio of the conformational number of the model loop chain to that of the free chain varies with the power functionN ^-2/3 when the chain lengthN→οο. The same result -was obtained by means of the recursion equation. The ratio of the mean square end-to-end distanceh ² for the model loop chain to its mean square bond lengthl ² is 2N/3. Compared with the free chain with the same lengthN, the mean square end-to-end distance of the model loop chain contracts to a certain extent. The basic relationships deduced were supported by the exact enumeration and Monte Carlo simulations. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Conformational statistics of polymer chain terminally attached to wall (I)——NRW model tail chain

The simplest form of a polymer chain adsorbed on a solid surface is that the polymer chain has only one end group attached to the surface, i.e. the polymer chain forms the "tail" conformation. In the present work, the problem was simplified as the random walk confined in the half-infinite space and studied systematically. The conformational distribution functions of the model tail chain in different dimensions were obtained. It has been found that the ratio of the conformational number of the model tail chains to that of the free chains varies as a power function N-12 when the chain length N→∞. It has also been proved that for the tail chain the component of the mean square end-to-end distance in the normal direction of the confined boundary is doubled and the other components are constant in comparison with the case of the free chain.     

Conformational statistics of polymer chain terminally attached to wall (II)

The SAW tail chains were studied. The permitted conformational number and the mean square end-to-end distance as a function of the chain length N for such a model tail chain were obtained by computer simulations, including the exact enumeration and Monte Carlo method. These two basic quantities obeyed the relations deduced from the scaling law. The critical exponents and the lattice indexes were given by fitting the data of the computer experiments. It has been shown that there is a certain extension in the size of the SAW tail chains as well as the NRW tail chains in the direction normal to the wall. The normal component of the mean square end-to-end distance is almost twice as large as the parallel component of the short chain SAW. However, as N →∞, the effect of the wall on the chain conformation becomes a little weak because of the self-avoiding behavior for the model. That is quite different from the case of the NRW tail chain. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Conformational statistics of polymer chain terminally attached to wall(Ⅱ)——SAW model tail chain

The SAW tail chains were studied.The permitted conformational number and the mean square end-to-end distance as a function of the chain length N for such a model tail chain were obtained by computer simulations,including the exact enumeration and Monte Carlo method.These two basic quantities obeyed the relations deduced from the scaling law.The critical exponents and the lattice indexes were given by fitting the data of the computer experiments.It has been shown that there is a certain extension in the size of the SAW tail chains as well as the NRW tail chains in the direction normal to the wall.The normal component of the mean square end-to-end distance is almost twice as large as the parallel component of the short chain SAW.However,as N→∞,the effect of the wall on the chain conformation becomes a little weak because of the self-avoiding behavior for the model.That is quite different from the case of the NRW tail chain.