Ag/BiOX (X=Cl,Br, I)复合光催化剂的制备、表征及其光催化性能

采用光化学沉积法制备了一系列不同Ag含量的新型Ag/BiOX(X=Cl,Br,I)复合光催化剂,应用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、光致发光(PL)谱、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱和N2物理吸附等手段对催化剂进行表征,并以420nm<λ<660nm的可见光为光源,评价了该催化剂光催化降解酸性橙II的活性,考察了不同含量的Ag沉积对BiOX样品光催化性能的影响.N2物理吸附测试结果表明,沉积银在一定程度降低了催化剂的比表面积.UV-Vis测试结果表明,Ag能产生表面等离子共振吸收,有效增强BiOCl和BiOBr对可见光的吸收能力.PL测试结果则表明,Ag能显著抑制光生电子(e-)和空穴(h+)的复合.Ag的存在大幅度提高了BiOX对染料的光催化降解活性.当负载Ag的质量分数(w)为1%-2%时,可使BiOCl、BiOBr和BiOI光催化活性分别提高了10、13和2倍.Ag/BiOX复合光催化剂具有更高催化活性的原因是复合光催化剂对可见光有很强的吸收能力,同时产生了银等离子体光催化作用和银抑制了Ag/BiOX(X=Cl,Br,I)的光生电子-空穴的复合.     

声化学辅助溶剂热合成高光催化性能的BiOCl光催化剂

以五水硝酸铋和氯化钠为原料,乙二醇(EG)和水作溶剂,通过声化学辅助溶剂热法合成了系列BiOCl纳米晶光催化剂。应用氮气物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射(DRS)和光电流等测试手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征。在汞灯和氙灯照射下,以苯酚和甲基橙为水体模型污染物,系统考察了超声辐射时间和醇水比(VEG/VH2O)对BiOCl光催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,当超声辐射时间为60 min,VEG/VH2O=1/4时,合成的BiOCl表现出最佳的光催化活性,为常规沉淀法制备的BiOCl的3.3倍。活性提高的主要原因是,适当时间的超声波辐射和醇水比有利于催化剂比表面积的提高,同时可以丰富催化剂表面羟基(-OH)的数量和提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率。     

BiOBr/BiPO4 p-n异质结光催化剂的一步水热法制备及性能

通过一步水热法成功地制备了BiOBr/BiPO_4 p-n异质结复合光催化剂。采用多种表征手段对样品物理属性进行了表征,包括X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N_2吸附-脱附等温线、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)。样品光催化活性通过可见光(λ420 nm)降解罗丹明B进行评价,考察了BiPO_4含量对所制备光催化材料活性的影响,通过捕获实验确定光催化反应中的主要活性物种,并提出了其光催化机理。研究结果表明,BiPO_4的最佳含量(物质的量分数)为10%,此时所制备催化剂活性最好,其反应速率常数为0.14 min~(-1),约为纯BiOBr的3.7倍,且3次循环使用后仍保持较高的催化活性。催化活性的提高主要由于BiOBr/BiPO_4 p-n异质结的形成,提高了光生载流子的分离效率,从而提高了光催化活性。同时,对污染物吸附能力的提高也起到促进作用。空穴和超氧基阴离子自由基是光催化过程中的主要活性物种,3种活性物种作用大小依次为空穴超氧阴离子自由基羟基自由基。     

Pt/BiOCl纳米片的制备、表征及其光催化性能

采用光化学沉积法制备了一系列不同Pt含量的新型Pt/BiOCl纳米片光催化剂,运用N2物理吸附-脱附、X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱、光致发光光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段对Pt/BiOCl进行了表征,并以λ=254nm的紫外灯和钨灯为光源,考察了Pt含量对Pt/BiOCl光催化降解酸性橙II活性的影响.结果表明,沉积的Pt对BiOCl样品比表面积的影响不大,但可有效增强催化剂对可见光的吸收能力,显著抑制光生电子与空穴的复合.当Pt含量为1%~2%时,能大幅度提高紫外光下BiOCl催化降解染料的活性,并产生可见光活性.这是由于Pt/BiOCl具有一定的可见光吸收能力,产生了Pt纳米粒子的等离子体光催化作用.     

声化学辅助溶剂热合成高光催化性能的BiOCl光催化剂

以五水硝酸铋和氯化钠为原料,乙二醇(EG)和水作溶剂,通过声化学辅助溶剂热法合成了系列BiOCl纳米晶光催化剂。应用氮气物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射(DRS)和光电流等测试手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征。在汞灯和氙灯照射下,以苯酚和甲基橙为水体模型污染物,系统考察了超声辐射时间和醇水比(V_EG/V_H2O)对BiOCl光催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,当超声辐射时间为60 min,V_EG/V_H2O=1/4时,合成的BiOCl表现出最佳的光催化活性,为常规沉淀法制备的BiOCl的3.3倍。活性提高的主要原因是,适当时间的超声波辐射和醇水比有利于催化剂比表面积的提高,同时可以丰富催化剂表面羟基(-OH)的数量和提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率。     

二维复合光催化剂的合成及其性能研究

摘要：通过超声辅助溶剂热法制备一种新型的二维类复合光催化剂BiOCl/MOF-5。运用XRD、SEM、BET、TEM、PL 等手段对催化剂的特殊结构和性能进行表征。在该光催化剂体系中,选取MOF-5为载体,通过与光催化剂BiOCl复合来合成一种新型的二维复合光催化剂。 结果表明,制备的催化剂均呈现出较为明显的二维形貌,且相对与单一BiOCl (3.15 mg2?g-1 )来说,该复合催化剂 (110.16 mg2?g-1 ) 的比表面积得到了明显的提高。由于催化剂的光催化性能与其比表面积和孔隙体积密切相关。复合催化剂相对较大的比表面积和适当的能带隙,有利于为反应物提供更多的活性位点和有效的传输路径,而且得益于MOF-5独特的形貌和结构,光催化剂聚集和比表面积小的问题也得到了解决。因此,该复合材料在降解有机物方面呈现出优异的光催化活性,且与纯BiOCl相比,催化剂的光催化活性得到了明显的提高。     

WO3/ZnO复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

采用沉淀-研磨法制备了一系列不同WO3含量的WO3/ZnO复合光催化剂,应用N2物理吸附、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱和光致发光谱等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并以λ=365nm的紫外光为光源,评价了该催化剂光催化降解酸性橙Ⅱ的活性,考察了WO3的复合对WO3/ZnO样品光催化性能的影响.结果表...     

Ｂｉ（ Ｎｂ） ＯＣｌ 光 催 化 剂 的 制 备 及 其 可 见 光 降 解罗 丹 明 Ｂ 溶 液 的 性 能

半导体光催化剂作为环境净化材料,具有稳定性好、光效率高、无二次污染等特点,具有广泛的应用前景.过去的研究大都集中在以TiO2为基础的光催化剂上.本文制备了具有层状结构的Bi基氧氯化物Bi(Nb)OCl光催化剂,用XRD、BET和UV-VIS吸收对样品进行了晶相、孔结构和光吸收性能表征,用罗丹明B的降解表征了材料的光催化活性.结果表明,BiOCl和Bi4NbO8Cl均具有可见光光催化降解活性,但两者的反应机理不同,Bi4NbO8Cl是光催化机制,BiOCl是染料光敏化机制.     

F掺杂制备具有高暴露(001)晶面的BiOCl纳米片及其光催化性能

采用溶剂热-煅烧法,通过F掺杂合成了一系列具有高暴露(001)晶面的BiOCl纳米片。应用X射线衍射、N_2物理吸附、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、红外光谱和光电流响应等物理化学方法对合成的样品进行了表征分析。结果表明,掺杂适量的F可以促进BiOCl(110)优势晶面的生长,形成高暴露(001)晶面,同时可抑制BiOCl晶粒的长大,并增大BiOCl纳米片的比表面积和提高其表面羟基的数量。在模拟太阳光下,光催化降解偶氮染料罗丹明B结果表明,F掺杂能显著提高BiOCl对罗丹明B的光催化降解活性。其中F_(1.0)-BiOCl对罗丹明B的降解速率是BiOCl的2.67倍。此外,F_(1.0)-BiOCl对酸性橙Ⅱ的光催化降解活性是商业光催化剂P25(TiO_2)的1.24倍。F掺杂引起光催化活性大幅提升的主要原因是,高暴露(001)晶面的生成提升了BiOCl纳米片对染料的吸附性能,同时加快了光生e~-和h~+分离。     

g-C_3N_4/BiOBr异质结光催化剂的制备与可见光催化活性

以三聚氰胺作为合成g-C_3N_4纳米片的前躯体,以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和KBr作为合成BiOBr的原料,采用水热法构建g-C_3N_4/Bi OBr二维异质结可见光催化剂,有效的晶面复合和合适的能带组合有助于增强g-C_3N_4和BiOBr的可见光催化活性。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、光致发光光谱(PL)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UVvis DRS)等方法表征其结构、光学性质以及组成结构。在可见光(λ420 nm)下以光催化降解RhB来评价合成催化剂的光催化活性,结果表明,g-C_3N_4/BiOBr光催化降解罗丹明B(Rh B)的效率高于单体g-C_3N_4和BiOBr,并对g-C_3N_4/BiOBr增强可见光催化RhB机理进行解释。     

Thermal Stability,Microstructure and Photocatalytic Activity of the Bismuth Oxybromide Photocatalyst

Flake BiOBr was first prepared by a solution method at room temperature. Then, the produced BiOBr was calcined at different temperatures. It was found that BiOBr is not a stable compound. It transforms to plate‐like Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₁at around 750°C and the formed Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₁ can further convert to rod‐like α‐Bi₂O₃ at around 850°C. The prepared compounds were characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ physical adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), respectively. The photocatalytic activity of the produced bismuth oxybromides was evaluated by photocatalytic decomposition of acid orange II under both visible light (λ>420 nm) and UV light (λ=365 nm) irradiation. Results show that these compounds have different band gaps and different photocatalytic properties. The band gap energies of the as‐prepared samples were found to be 2.82, 2.79, 2.60 and 3.15 eV for BiOBr, BiOBr/Bi₂₄O₃₁Br, Bi₂₄O₃₁Br, and α‐Bi₂O₃, respectively. Under both UV light and visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity follows the order: BiOBr/Bi₂₄O₃₁Br mixture>BiOBr>Bi₂₄O₃₁Br>α‐Bi₂O₃. The change in photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the different light absorption ability and microstructures of the photocatalysts.     

Preparation and measurement of properties of BiOBr/BiOCl/PANI ternary nanocomposite for highly efficient visible light photocatalytic applications

In this paper, we report the synthesis of the BiOBr/BiOCl/PANI ternary nanocomposite using a simple co-precipitation method. The modified photocatalyst produced was characterized by the FT-IR, FE-SEM equipped with EDS (as a Map), TEM, XRD, PL, Raman, and UV–Vis DRS analytical techniques. The synergetic effect of PANI and surface defects in nanoplates can prolong the recombination rate of photo-generated charge carriers. Thus, photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical activities of samples have been studied. Then, the methyl orange (MO) degradation performance of PANI/BiOBr and BiOBr/BiOCl/PANI was investigated under visible light irradiation. The lamp used to simulate sunlight in this photocatalytic study process was power down white light (5-W LED), less reported. The results got exhibited that the as-prepared BiOBr/BiOCl/PANI (90:10, Bi:PANI) nanocomposite showed a higher photocatalytic efficiency. Based on the scavenger tests, ^·O₂^? played a significant role in the degradation of MO. The connection between BiOBr, BiOCl, and PANI improved photocatalytic activity, which enhanced migration rate of the photo-generated electrons besides limiting the recombination of photo-generated electron–hole pairs.

     

Composition dependence of the photocatalytic activities of BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) solid solutions under visible light

We prepared BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) (x=0-1) solid solutions and characterized their structures, morphologies, and photocatalytic properties by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photocurrent and photocatalytic activity measurements and also by density functional theory calculations for BiOCl, BiOBr, BiOCl(0.5)Br(0.5). Under visible-light irradiation BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) exhibits a stronger photocatalytic activity than do BiOCl and BiOBr, with the activity reaching the maximum at x=0.5 and decreasing gradually as x is increased toward 1 or decreased toward 0. This trend is closely mimicked by the photogenerated current of BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) , indicating that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of BiOCl(1-x)Br(x) with respect to those of BiOCl and BiOBr originates from the trapping of photogenerated carriers. Our electronic structure calculations for BiOCl(0.5)Br(0.5) with the anion (O(2-), Cl(-), Br(-)) and cation (Bi(3+)) vacancies suggest that the trapping of photogenerated carriers is caused most likely by Bi(3+) cation vacancies, which generate hole states above the conduction band maximum.     

ZnCo2O4纳米粒子的可见光催化性能

研究了共沉淀分解法制备的ZnCo₂O₄纳米粒子的光学和可见光催化性能,并对其晶体结构和微观结构用X射线衍射、热重/差热分析、透射电镜和高分辨透射电镜等手段进行了表征.结果表明,制备的纳米粒子为纯相的ZnCO₂O₄,平均粒径约为10-20 nm.紫外-可见吸收光谱估计出ZnCo₂O₄纳米粒子的能带隙为3.39和2.09 eV.可见光（λ>420 nm）照射下,纳米粒子表现出降解亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化活性.ZnCo₂O₄纳米粒子的光催化活性可以归结为紫外和可见光下纳米粒子吸收光子（能量大于能带隙）的能力,以及它们的纳米尺寸,基于实验结果,本文提出了ZnCO₂O₄可能的能带结构.     

Photodegradation of Rhodamine B over unexcited semiconductor compounds of BiOCl and BiOBr

This study reported, for the first time systematically, photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution over BiOCl and BiOBr semiconductors. Under visible light irradiation (λ>400 nm, λ>420 nm and λ=550±15 nm), RhB adsorbed on the surface of BiOCl and BiOBr was photosensitized and decomposed effectively over unexcited BiOCl and BiOBr. The degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) and Methylene Blue (MB) over BiOCl and BiOBr was investigated as well, and the results were compared with RhB photodegradation. It was found that MB molecules having the lowest LUMO could not be degraded by this process. Utilizing the quantum chemical calculation (Gaussian 03 program), the relationship between frontier orbital energy of selected dye molecules and photodegradation rate was established for the first time in this study.     

MOF-808/BiOCl复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

将高稳定性的MOF-808与BiOCl结合,采用简便的水热法制备出新型MOF-808/BiOCl复合异质结材料。以环丙沙星(CIP)为污染物,探究复合材料MOF-808/BiOCl对CIP的光催化性能。发现含有10% MOF-808的复合材料(MOF-808/BiOCl-10%)表现出最佳的光催化活性。在紫外光照射20 min内,MOF-808/BiOCl-10%对CIP的光催化降解效率高达94.7%。通过X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱、荧光光谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、光电流、电化学阻抗等表征技术来考察材料的物相组成、形貌以及光电化学性质。紫外可见漫反射光谱的结果表明,MOF-808/BiOCl-10%材料光吸收范围得到提高。同时进行了自由基捕获实验。基于以上实验数据,提出了MOF-808/BiOCl复合材料可能的光催化机理。     

Optimized design of novel Pt decorated 3D BiOBr flower-microsphere synthesis for highly efficient photocatalytic properties

3D BiOBr flower-microspheres decorated with small amount (0.02–0.5 wt%) of Pt nanoparticles were successfully prepared via new electrostatic-adsorption-assisted light-reduction route. The as-prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, EDS, XPS, UV–Vis DRS, PL, and photocurrent measurements. The photocatalytic activities were tested through the photocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) under visible light (420 nm?<?λ?<?680 nm) and simulated sunlight (320 nm?<?λ?<?680 nm) irradiation. The results indicate that Pt loading do not change the structural morphologies and particle sizes of BiOBr flower-microspheres, but there exists an enhanced photocurrent effect, greatly achieving the highly efficient photocatalytic activity of BiOBr under visible-light and simulated sunlight irradiation. 0.2 wt% Pt/BiOBr sample reveals the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation on BPA with almost 92% under 10 min, much better than pure BiOBr and (P25) TiO₂. The presence of synergistic effect between Pt⁴⁺ and Pt⁰ has vital impact on the electron capture and transfer from the semiconductor to noble metal, preventing the fast electron/hole recombination and participating in the multi-electron reduction of O₂, and, consequently, achieving the formation of effective photocatalytic active species. Our findings should provide the fundamental data for making further research efforts in the hot topic on the monatomic Pt-modified photocatalyst systems.     

Preparation of carbon nanotubes/BiOBr composites with higher visible light photocatalytic activity

A novel flower-like photocatalyst CNTs/BiOBr was successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. The morphology and the physicochemical properties of the prepared samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degradation of Rhodamin B (RhB) dye. It was demonstrated that CNTs/BiOBr photocatalyst could effectively photodegrade RhB under visible light (VL) irradiation.     

Ag@AgCl修饰TiO2-xCx光催化剂的制备及其可见光降解污染物性能

以钛酸丁酯和葡萄糖为原料用水热法制备了碳掺杂二氧化钛,再进一步对其进行Ag@AgCl表面修饰.用X射线衍射(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),透射电镜(TEM),BET比表面仪和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱等手段对样品进行测试表征;在可见光辐射下(λ＞420 nm),以甲基橙和苯酚溶液的光催化降解实验来评价样品的活性.结果表明:经Ag@AgCl修饰后,样品的粒径增大,比表面积减小,对可见光的响应增强;可见光光催化效率有大幅度提高,对甲基橙和苯酚的降解效率分别是修饰前的5.5和3.4倍,且光催化剂经三次循环使用后活性基本保持不变.