裂解气相色谱-质谱法测定氨纶废丝中油剂的含量

氨纶是一种聚氨酯弹性纤维,应用领域广阔.在对氨纶生产过程中产生的大量废丝进行回收重复利用时,所添加的油剂会对甬道发生堵塞,因此在氨纶废丝回收之前需要对其进行清洗来控制油剂的含量.运用裂解气相色谱-质谱法(PY-GC/MS)建立了1种测试氨纶废丝中油剂残余含量的方法.方法简单快捷,无需任何样品前处理,为氨纶废丝的清洗工作,尤其是工业化清洗生产提供了准确可靠的数据.     

涤氨产品纤维含量定量化学分析方法等

公布号：CN105334136A
　　公布日：2016.02.17
　　申请人：颜怀玉
　　摘要：本发明涉及一种纺织领域的纤维含量分析方法。一种涤氨产品纤维含量定量化学分析方法,采用硫酸溶解氨纶,在硫酸体积分数为70%,温度为(70±2)℃,溶解时间为（30±5）min条件下,试验结果接近于实际纤维含量。本发明的优点是采用化学分析方法,可以进行快速、大量试验,及时准确检出涤氨产品中氨纶的含量。改进后的工艺流程适合含有各种助剂的涤氨产品,大大拓宽了产品的溶解适应性。同时也提高了溶解效率和结果的准确性。     

有机络合剂法去除活化法生产活性炭的回收磷酸液中铁离子

用磷酸液活化活性炭的生产用磷酸液进行活化,磷酸液可重复回收利用,由于木屑、炭屑等原材料的影响,用于反复活化浸渍的磷酸液中铁含量将从小于10ppmμg/g上升到几百ppmμg/g,甚至更高,不能满足医药、食品等行业对活性炭中铁离子含量要求较高较低的活性炭生产之要求需。对回收来的磷酸液进行除铁纯化具有一定的经济意义。这里探讨了一种通过用33%二甲胺、15%氢氧化钠(或氢氧化钾)、二硫化碳三种药品于一定条件下反应,制得的有机络合沉淀剂,于常温下可将回收来的磷酸母液中铁离子除去,除铁效果显著,达到50ppmμg/g以下,从而使回收的磷酸液满足医药、食品等行业用活性炭的生产之需。该方法工艺简单、成本低,是一种值得推广的应用技术。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铟冶炼窑渣中铟

铟是一种稀有金属,在自然界中含量极少.铟金属主要用于半导体和无线电技术,铟大部分从冶炼铅、锌等废渣中回收.目前我国铟的大规模生产主要是从冶炼锌的弃渣中回收,其工艺流程为干燥、挥发、浸出、置换、电解等,其中铟的挥发工艺是关键.     

专利

正涤氨产品纤维含量定量化学分析方法公布号:CN105334136A公布日:2016.02.17申请人:颜怀玉摘要:本发明涉及一种纺织领域的纤维含量分析方法。一种涤氨产品纤维含量定量化学分析方法,采用硫酸溶解氨纶,在硫酸体积分数为70%,温度为(70±2)℃,溶解时间为     

有机络合剂去除活化法生产活性炭的回收磷酸液中铁离子

用磷酸液活化活性炭,磷酸液可重复回收利用,由于木屑、炭屑等原材料的影响,用于反复活化浸渍的磷酸液中铁含量将从小于10 μg/g上升到几百μg/g,甚至更高,不能满足医药、食品等行业对活性炭中铁离子含量低的要求。对回收来的磷酸液进行除铁纯化具有一定的经济意义。探讨了一种通过用二甲胺(33%)、氢氧化钠(15%)（或氢氧化钾）、二硫化碳三种药品于一定条件下,制得的有机络合沉淀剂,常温下可将回收来的磷酸母液中铁离子除去,除铁效果显著,达到50 μg/g以下,从而使回收的磷酸液能满足医药、食品等行业用活性炭的生产之需。方法工艺简单、成本低,是一种值得推广的应用技术。     

从锦纶废丝用阳离子交换树脂层析分离法回收ε-氨基己酸

一、概述ε-氨基己酸(EACA)是由人工合成的,是一种新型止血剂。它对血液中的活化素有强的抑制作用,能使纤维蛋白溶酶朊不能被激活为纤维蛋白溶酶,高浓度时对纤维蛋白溶酶亦有抑制作用,故 EACA 对纤维蛋白溶解活性增高所引起的出血有良好的止血疗效。它特别适用于治疗外科大型手术出血、妇产科出血,肺出血及上呼吸道出血等,手术时早期用药及术前预防性用药,可减少手术渗血,减少输血量。目前,一些国家已大量生产。其生产原料多为己内酰胺,己二酸的单酰胺或聚己内酰胺即锦纶废丝或融块。通过下面几种工艺路线均可制备。1.用氨水解己内酰胺,以异丙醇提取。此法水解时间长,单程收率不高,且要耗费溶剂,并需耐压设备。2.用盐酸水解己内酰胺或锦纶废丝,以阴离子交     

重油催化裂化装置提升管内反应历程研究

利用自行研制的工业提升管在线取样系统对胜利石油化工总厂重油催化裂化装置提升管中下部进行在线取样，将取得的液体和催化剂榈进行处理分析，从而得到了重油催化装置提升管反应器中下部液体产品分布、催化剂活性、碳含量和焦炭H／C的变化规律。认为重油催化裂化的主要反应发生在提升管的中下部区域，并对提升管油剂混合处的渣油雾化、汽化和油剂接触状况进行了讨论。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钆喷酸葡胺注射液中的钆

采用ICP-AES对钆喷酸氰胺注射液中钆的含量进行了测定,方法的精密度<2%,加标回收实验值与测定结果吻合的很好,结果表明钆喷酸葡胺注射液中钆的含量可以用ICP-AES方法进行控制.     

四苯硼钠-季铵盐容量法快速测定造纸法再造烟叶中的钾含量

采用四苯硼钠-季铵盐容量法对造纸法再造烟叶中的钾含量进行了检测.通过精密度试验和加标回收试验对方法的重复性和回收率进行了考察,结果表明:该检测方法具有较好的重复性,相对标准偏差为1.7%(n=6),回收率达到99.14%.该法和流动分析仪(AA3)的检测结果对比表明两种方法的检测结果具有较好的一致性.该研究对造纸法再造...     

The application of ultrafiltration for treatment of ships generated oily wastewater

The wastewaters collected from ships were preliminary separated in harbour installation into an oil fraction (slop oil) and the aqueous phase. The oil phase was then separated from slop oil, and the resulting water phase was subjected to the treatment in a coagulation/flotation process. The effluent (oil content 7–13 ppm) from these processes was further purified in biological wastewater treatment plant. A composition of bilge water is variable what affects the efficiency of coagulation/flotation process and the effluents may contain a significant amount of oil residues. The purification of effluents from coagulation/flotation process was performed in this work with ultrafiltration (UF), using FP100 membranes. The turbidity of obtained UF permeate was varied in the range of 0.08–0.26 NTU and the oil content was at a level of 0.9–1.1 ppm. Such purified water can be utilized for rinsing the oil–water separation devices located in the wastewater treatment plant, instead of tap water used so far. The obtained UF retentate contained 30 ppm of oil can be recycled to the coagulation/flotation process. Fouling of UF membranes was observed during the separation process, however, the FP100 membranes were effective cleaned with alkaline cleaning agents P3 Ultrasil 11.     

Characterization and pyrolysis behaviour of different paper mill waste materials

Paper industry generates a considerable amount of wastes. Their composition mainly depends on the type of paper produced and the origin of cellulose fibres. Nowadays, in Spain, 40% of solid wastes generated by the paper and pulp industry are deposited directly in landfill, 25% are used in the agriculture, 13% in the ceramic industry and 7% in the concrete production. In the last years, thermal treatment methods like combustion, pyrolysis and gasification have been widely study as alternative techniques for the valorization of different organic waste materials. The main objective of the present work is to study the pyrolysis behaviour of different paper mill waste materials. For this reason, a wide characterization of eight paper mill waste materials from different origins was performed using SEM, FTIR, DRX and thermogravimetric techniques. Paper mill sludges from recycled paper, mainly wastes obtained from deinking process, showed high CaCO₃ and clays contents. Compared with the elevated total organic matter content (TOM) of paper mill waste materials their low organic carbon content determined by Cr₂O₇²⁻ oxidation reveals the elevated chemical stability of organic matter, due to high content on cellulose fibres. Analysis of samples by SEM indicates that successive recycled processes of paper leads to paper mill waste materials with more degraded fibres. XRD analyses show as crystalline cellulose was present in reject and primary sludge from paper mills that produced paper from virgin wood. However, crystalline cellulose content significantly decreased in waste materials from recycled paper. Finally, thermogravimetric analysis indicates that presence or mineral matter and degradation of cellulose significantly influences their pyrolysis behaviour. In general, weight loss of paper mill waste materials started at lower temperatures than pure cellulose. In waste materials from recycled paper weight loss continues at temperatures highest than 500 °C due to kaolinite dehydration and carbonates decomposition.     

Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste

The global production and consumption of plastics has increased at an alarming rate over the last few decades. The accumulation of pervasive and persistent waste plastic has concomitantly increased in landfills and the environment. The societal, ecological, and economic problems of plastic waste/pollution demand immediate and decisive action. In 2015, only 9% of plastic waste was successfully recycled in the United States. The major current recycling processes focus on the mechanical recycling of plastic waste; however, even this process is limited by the sorting/pretreatment of plastic waste and degradation of plastics during the process. An alternative to mechanical processes is chemical recycling of plastic waste. Efficient chemical recycling would allow for the production of feedstocks for various uses including fuels and chemical feedstocks to replace petrochemicals. This review focuses on the most recent advances for the chemical recycling of three major polymers found in plastic waste: PET, PE, and PP. Commercial processes for recycling hydrolysable polymers like polyesters or polyamides, polyolefins, or mixed waste streams are also discussed.     

聚乙烯类废弃塑料延迟焦化方法制取燃料油的研究

通过对比废弃塑料（PE）和渣油的热重曲线（TG/DTG）,研究了两者的热解特性,论证了利用延迟焦化方法处理聚乙烯类废弃塑料的理论可行性;同时通过模拟延迟焦化实验,针对性地考察了废弃聚乙烯延迟焦化及废弃聚乙烯与渣油共延迟焦化的反应特性,采用模拟蒸馏方法分析了燃料油产物的成分组成,探讨了废弃聚乙烯延迟焦化方法制取燃料油的生产可行性。结果表明,PE的主要热解温区为350℃~480℃,渣油的为250℃~460℃,两者的热解特性有很大的相似性。PE热解的液体产物中汽油和柴油馏分达到62％,蜡油馏分为38％;PE热解的气相产物为小分子的烃类和氢气。PE与渣油共延迟焦化的液体产物中汽油馏分明显比渣油单独焦化的增加。     

废弃油脂生产生物柴油的研究进展

简单介绍了生物柴油的生产原料,综述了用废弃油脂生产生物柴油的现状和方法。废弃油脂生产生物柴油的方法主要有物理法和化学法,物理法主要有掺和法和微乳法,化学法主要有热裂解法和酯交换法。目前生产中采用化学法的酯交换法、以酸碱两步催化法的工艺为主,而生物酶法和超临界法是研究热点。     

基于乘用车轮胎胎面胶粉的再生橡胶的制备及性能

通过力化学再生法制备了以废轮胎胶粉为原料的再生橡胶，研究了不同活化剂420用量对再生橡胶性能的影响，测试表明：再生橡胶含硫键断裂生成了硫自由基，随着活化剂含量的增加，再生橡胶的邵氏硬度和交联密度持续降低；拉伸强度、断裂延伸率和凝胶含量均先升高后降低，在活化剂用量为0.9 phr时，拉伸强度和断裂延伸率最大，再生橡胶的凝胶含量最大为19.7%。 微观形貌发现，废轮胎胎面胶粉的颗粒较为分散，再生橡胶的结构颗粒相互粘连，孔洞和缺陷较多，再生橡胶的门尼黏度随着活化剂含量的增加而降低。 综合来看，活化剂420的最佳含量为0.9 phr，再生橡胶各项性能最优。     

Determination of volatile organic compounds in recycled polyethylene terephthalate and high-density polyethylene by headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry to evaluate the efficiency of recycling processes

A method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in recycled polyethylene terephthalate and high-density polyethylene using headspace sampling by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection is presented. This method was used to evaluate the efficiency of cleaning processes for VOC removal from recycled PET. In addition, the method was also employed to evaluate the level of VOC contamination in multilayer packaging material containing recycled HDPE material. The optimisation of the extraction procedure for volatile compounds was performed and the best extraction conditions were found using a 75 μm carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (CAR-PDMS) fibre for 20 min at 60 °C. The validation parameters for the established method were linear range, linearity, sensitivity, precision (repeatability), accuracy (recovery) and detection and quantification limits. The results indicated that the method could easily be used in quality control for the production of recycled PET and HDPE.     

Biogas Potential of the Side Streams Obtained in a Novel Phenolic Extraction System from Olive Mill Solid Waste

The olive oil production is an important industrial sector in many Mediterranean areas, but it is currently struggled by the necessity of a proper valorisation of the olive mill solid waste or alperujo. The alperujo is the main by-product generated during the two-phase olive oil extraction, accounting for up to 80% of the initial olive mass. The alperujo is a source of valuable compounds, such as the pomace olive oil or highly interesting phenolic compounds. In the present research, a novel biorefinery approach has been used for phenolic compounds recovery. However, the extraction of these valuables compounds generates different exhausted phases with high organic matter content that are required to be managed. This study consists of the evaluation of the anaerobic biodegradability of the different fractions obtained in a novel biorefinery approach for the integral valorisation of alperujo. The results show that the different phases obtained during the biorefinery of the alperujo can be effectively subjected to anaerobic digestion and no inhibition processes were detected. The highest methane yield coefficients were obtained for the phases obtained after a two-months storages, i.e., suspended solids and liquid phase free of suspended solids, which generated 366 ± 7 mL CH₄/g VS and 358 ± 6 mL CH₄/g VS, respectively. The phenol extraction process reduced the methane yield coefficient around 25% due to the retention of biodegradable compounds during the extraction process. Regardless of this drop, the anaerobic digestion is a suitable technology for the stabilization of the different generated residual phases, whereas the high market price of the extracted phenols can largely compensate the slight decrease in the methane generation.     

废弃SCR催化剂的循环再利用及表征分析研究

针对废弃SCR脱硝催化剂常规再利用处理后存在SO_2氧化率高的问题,提出了一种新型的废弃催化剂再利用新工艺,包括酸洗、还原酸浸和活性组分负载等步骤,以有效控制再利用催化剂的SO_2氧化率。实验考察了经不同步骤处理后所得催化剂的组分、脱硝效率和SO_2氧化率的变化情况,并对催化剂进行了深入的分析表征。结果表明,新鲜催化剂、废弃催化剂、常规再利用催化剂、新型再利用催化剂的脱硝效率和SO_2氧化率分别为99.0%和0.43%、77.0%和0.46%、94.2%和0.80%、99.3%和0.48%,采用本方法获得的再利用催化剂不仅脱硝效率完全恢复,而且SO_2氧化率得到了很好的控制。通过对催化剂的分析表征发现,采用常规再利用技术不能有效清除废弃催化剂表面的高聚态钒物种,而本方法则可以有效清理这类高聚态钒物种,并以高度分散的钒物种进行替代,从而有效控制再利用催化剂的SO_2氧化率。     

Determination of organohalogen compounds and organic carbon as sum parameter in electronic waste

Metal-containing devices in electronic waste such as printed circuit boards can be recycled for the recovery of noble metals such as gold, silver, platinum or palladium using a thermal process. In this process the plastics are burned and more than 90% of the noble metals are transfered into a copper matrix. Finally the pure metals are refined by electrolysis. Because of the content of brominated flame retardants and chlorinated polymers in the plastics, formation of halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans cannot be excluded. The use of modern filter techniques minimizes the emission of these substances. As a precaution the electronic waste is controlled for its content of organohalogen compounds and organic carbon. This work describes an analytical method for the determination of the sum of organohalogen compounds and organic carbon in electronic waste. The investigation of different charges of electronic waste in the fraction of particle size<0.1 mm show concentrations for the sum of organobromine compounds in the range of 0.2–4.8% originating from brominated flame retardants in the plastics. The total content of organochlorine compounds is <0.01–0.13%, showing that chlorinated plastics were efficiently removed before the thermal process. The content of organic carbon is between 13 and 27%. Because of the portion of fine particle size in relation to the total sample amount, the results have to be multiplied by a factor of about 0.25 to 0.3.