CH4+O(3P)→CH3+OH反应的准经典轨线研究

用准经典轨线方法研究了O（3P）与CH4的反应，计算结果表明，CH4（υ＝0，j＝0）与O（3P）的反应在低及高的碰撞参数下都是直接反应，无短寿命的碰撞复合物生成，产物OH以向后散射为主，基本上处于振转基态.CH4（υ＝1，j＝1）与O（3P）的反应在低及高的碰撞参数下反应机理不一样。在低碰撞参数下是直接反应，无短寿命的碰撞复合物生成，产物OH以向后散射为主，主要处于振动基态，转动基本上是冷的，但比高碰撞参数下的热.在高的碰撞参数下则生成短寿命的碰撞复合物，产物OH以向前散射为主，表现出明显的周边动力学反应的特征，主要处于振动激发态（υ＝1），但转动仍然是较冷的。     

碰撞能对O(1D)+HBr→OH+Br反应的极化分布的影响

运用准经典轨线法结合Peterson从头计算势能面,在碰撞能分别为20.9,41.80和66.88 kJ/mol时,对放热反应O(1D)+HBr(v=0,j=0)→OH+Br(△H=-252.89 kJ/m01)进行了细致的立体动力学性质研究.反映k与j'两矢量相关的函数P(θr)的分布表明产物分子的转动角动量j'在垂直于反应物相对速度矢量k的方向上有强烈的取向分布,且随碰撞能的变化比较明显;反映k,k'与j'三矢量相关的函数P(φr)的分布表明产物转动角动量j'不仅有沿着y轴的取向效应,还有沿着y轴正向的弱定向效应,且这种弱定向效应随碰撞能的增加有所减弱;描述产物转动角动量j'的空间分布函数P(θr,φr)在(90°,90°)和(90°,270°)两处有两个明显的分布,随着碰撞能的增加,这两个集中分布越来越密集,碰撞能对该分布有一定的影响.产物分子的极化主要集中在垂直于散射面的平面内.除此之外,极化微分反应截面(PDDCSs)给出了反应产物的散射方向.     

Cl+HD反应产物的极化与态分布

利用准经典轨线理论,在BW2和G3两个势能面上,研究了Cl+HD反应的动力学.计算结果表明,产物的转动取向对势能面及反应体系的质量因子非常敏感.在BW2势能面上,计算的两个产物的转动取向强于在G3势能面上计算的结果,而无论是在BW2势能面上还是在G3势能面上,DCl产物的取向都强于HCl产物的取向.计算结果还表明,在不同的势能面上反应物的转动激发对反应的影响有着显著的不同.在BW2势能面上,反应物的初始转动激发有利于Cl+HD反应的进行;而在G3势能面上,反应物的初始转动激发消弱了反应的反应性.     

O+HCl→OH+Cl反应的立体动力学的准经典轨线研究

运用准经典轨线方法,基于Peterson从头计算势能面对O+HCl→OH+Cl反应的立体动力学性质进行了研究.讨论了在31.77和51.04 kJ/mol两种碰撞能情况下极化依赖的微分反应截面(2π/σ)(dσ00/dωt),(2π/σ)(dσ20/dωt),(2π/σ)(dσ22+/dωt)和(2π/σ)(dσ21-/dωt)以及描述k-j′两矢量相关和k-k′-j′三矢量相关的分布函数P(θr)和P(фr).计算得到的P(θr)分布表明,产物分子的转动角动量j′具有强烈的取向分布,并且产物转动角动量的取向效应对散射能的变化比较敏感.而P(фr)的分布表明,产物分子虽然具有沿着y轴的取向效应,但是没有明显的定向效应.     

CH3CH2,CH3CHCl,CH3CCl2与NO2反应微观动力学理论研究

运用量子化学密度泛函理论UB3LYP/6-311+G*和高级电子相关校正的偶合簇(CCSD(T)/6-311+G*)方法,对CH3CH2,CH3CHCl和CH3CCl2自由基与NO2反应的机理和动力学进行了理论研究,得到了体系的势能面信息和可能的反应机理.根据计算得到的各反应热力学参数及反应能垒,采用传统过渡态理论计算了各反应在温度T=298 K和T=700 K时的速率常数.研究结果表明,该类反应均通过1个中间体和1个过渡态生成产物,产物分别为CH3CHO+HNO,CH3CHO+ClNO和CH3CClO+ClNO.     

准经典轨线研究Li+HF(v=0,j=O)→LiF+H反应动力学

基于Aguado等人拟合的APW势能面(PES),运用准经典轨线(QCT)方法,对反应Li+HF(v=0,j=0)→LiF+H的动力学性质进行了计算.主要研究了不同碰撞能条件下的反应截面、转动取向、产物散射角分布和竞争反应模式等.结果表明,该反应存在直接提取型和间接插入型两种反应模式,在低能量下反应以间接插入反应模式为主,能量大于200 meV时则以直接提取反应为主.     

O+HCl→OH+Cl反应的立体动力学的准经典轨线研究

运用准经典轨线方法, 基于Peterson从头计算势能面对O+HCl→OH+Cl反应的立体动力学性质进行了研究. 讨论了在31.77和51.04 kJ/mol两种碰撞能情况下极化依赖的微分反应截面(2π/σ)(dσ₀₀/dω_t), (2π/σ)(dσ₂₀/dω_t), (2π/σ)(dσ₂₂₊/dω_t)和(2π/σ)(dσ_21-/dω_t)以及描述k-j′两矢量相关和k-k′-j′三矢量相关的分布函数P(θ_r)和P(φ_r). 计算得到的P(θ_r)分布表明, 产物分子的转动角动量j′具有强烈的取向分布, 并且产物转动角动量的取向效应对散射能的变化比较敏感. 而P(φ_r)的分布表明, 产物分子虽然具有沿着y轴的取向效应, 但是没有明显的定向效应.     

准经典轨线研究Li+HF(ν=0, j=0)→LiF+H反应动力学

基于Aguado等人拟合的APW势能面(PES), 运用准经典轨线(QCT)方法, 对反应Li+HF(ν=0, j=0)→LiF+H的动力学性质进行了计算. 主要研究了不同碰撞能条件下的反应截面、转动取向、产物散射角分布和竞争反应模式等. 结果表明, 该反应存在直接提取型和间接插入型两种反应模式, 在低能量下反应以间接插入反应模式为主, 能量大于200 meV时则以直接提取反应为主.     

碰撞能量对反应Sr＋HF转动取向的影响

在推广LEPS势能面上,用经典轨线方法,研究了反应碰撞能量对反应Sr＋HF的转动取向的影响.计算结果与产物轨道角动量模型进行比较.计算结果表明,随着碰撞能量的增加,产物转动取向越强烈.     

N(4S)+ NO(X2Π)→N2(X3Σg-)+O(3P) 反应的立体动力学研究

采用准经典轨线方法研究了在不同碰撞能下，碰撞反应N(4S)+NO(X2Π)→ N2(X3Σg- )+O(3P)在两个最低势能面3A 和 3A'上产物与反应物之间的矢量相关. 结果表明，对于不同的碰撞能，在两个势能面上反应产物的转动取向展示了不同的特征和趋势. 随着碰撞能的增加，发生在3A 势能面上的反应主要受外平面机理支配，而发生在 3A' 势能面上的反应倾向于受内平面机理支配. 这些差异来自于两个势能面的不同构型.     

Crossed Molecular Beam Study of H+CH4 and H+CD4 Reactions: Vibrationally Excited CH3/CD3 Product Channels

We study the H+CH₄/CD₄→H₂/HD+CH₃/CD₃ reactions using the time sliced velocity map ion imaging technique. Ion images of the CH₃/CD₃ products were measured by the (2+1) resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) detection method. Besides the CH₃/CD₃ products in the ground state, ion images of the vibrationally excited CH₃/CD₃ products were also observed at two collision energies of 0.72 and 1.06 eV. It is shown that the angular distribution of the products CH₃/CD₃ in vibrationally excited states gradually vary from backward scattering to sideways scattering as the collision energy increases. Compared to the CH₃/CD₃ products in the ground state, the CH₃/CD₃ products in vibrationally excited states tend to be more sideways scattered, indicating that larger impact parameters play a more important role in the vibrationally excited product channels.     

Reaction dynamics of the Ca(D2, PJ) + CH3I → CaI + CH3 system: chemiluminescence, energy disposal and product polarization

The Ca(¹D₂, ³P_J) + CH₃ → CaI(A,B) + CH₃ reactions system has been studied by measuring its chemiluminescence under beam-gas conditions. Absolute values of the state-to-state reaction cross-sections were determined at low collision energy . In addition, the electronic branching ratio and product energy disposal have been determined for each metastable reaction. The major changed observed in the chemiluminescence when comparing the Ca(¹D₂) reaction versus that of Ca(³P_J) is the total yield associated with the former reaction. To the best of our spectral resolution neither the electronic branching ratio e.g. CaI(A)/CaI(B) nor the internal CaI energy disposal change significantly as the metastable Ca(¹D₂)/Ca(³P_J) ratio is varied. In spite of the fact that the Ca(³P_J) reaction is less exoergic, the CaI product appears with a higher fraction of internal energy than that of Ca(¹D₂) reaction. Thus, the fraction of the total energy appearing in CaI internal energy amounts to 57.5% in the Ca(³P_J) reaction while it is 19.3% only for the Ca(¹D₂) reaction. This difference is discussed in the light of a distinct mechanism associated with the attack of the excited Ca atom into the C---I bond. No significant chemiluminescence yield was found for the energetically open CaCH^*₃ channels.

The product chemiluminescence polarization was also measured as a function of the metastable concentration. A significant degree of polarization was found depending upon the specific electronic excitation. The analysis of the polarization emission associated to the parallel CaI(X ²Σ⁺ ← B ²Σ⁺) emission led into a strong polarization of the product rotational angular momentum. The comparison of the product rotational alignment for the kinematically identical Ca(¹D₂, ³P_J, ¹P₁) + CH₃ → CaI^* (B₂Σ⁺) + CH₃ reaction system showed that the CaI rotational polarization diminishes in the ³P_J → ¹D₂ → ¹P₁ sequence, e.g. as the reaction exothermicity increases. In addition the degree of polarization associated with other emission bands as for example CaI(X ²Σ⁺ ← A ²Π_1/2) indicates the presence of a parallel transition which was been interpreted as mixing of Hund's case (a) and (c) appropriate for this heavy CaI diatom produced with a high rotational excitation.     

Quasi-Classical Trajectory Study of the Chemical Reaction Ca+CH3I

The Ca＋CH3I→CaI＋CH3 reaction system has been studied with the quasi-classical trajectory method on the extended Lond-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato（LEPS） potential energy surface. At collision energy Ecol=10.78 kJ/mol, the calculated results show that the CaI vibrational population peaks are located at v=2. The calculated cross section decreases slowly with the collision energy increasing. The angle product distributions tend toward backward scattering. The calculated （P2（J^1·K）） values deviate slightly from-0.5 and decrease with increasing collision energy. The Quasiclassical trajectory calculation（QCT） results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Moreover, the dynamics of the reaction has been discussed.     

State-to-state dynamics analysis of the F + CHD3 reaction: a quasiclassical trajectory study

An exhaustive state-to-state dynamics study was performed to analyze the F + CHD3 --> FD(nu', j') + CHD2(nu) gas-phase abstraction reaction. Quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations, including corrections to avoid zero-point energy leakage along the trajectories, were performed at different collision energies on an analytical potential energy surface (PES-2006) recently developed by our group. Whereas the CHD2 coproduct appears vibrationally and rotationally cold, most of the available energy appears as FD(nu') product vibrational energy, peaking at nu' = 2 and nu' = 3, with the population in the latter level growing as the energy increases. The excitation function rises from the threshold of the reaction and then levels off at higher energies, with the maximum contribution from the FD(nu' = 3) level. The state-specific FD(nu') scattering distributions correlated with the coproduct CHD2 in the nu4 = 2 and nu3 = 1 states, at different collision energies, show a steady change from backward to forward scattering as the energy increases. This similar behavior for the two coproduct vibrational states, nu4 = 2 and nu3 = 1, agrees qualitatively with the experimental measurements. Comparison with theoretical and experimental results for the isotopic analogues, F + CH4 and F + CD4, shows that the title reaction presents a direct mechanism, similar to the perdeuterated reaction, but contrasts with that of the F + CH4 reaction. These results for the dynamics of different isotopic variants, always in qualitative and sometimes in quantitative agreement with experiment, show the capacity of the PES-2006 surface to correctly describe the title reaction, even though there are differences that could be due to deficiencies of the PES but also to the known limitations of the classical treatment in the QCT method.     

Secondary kinetic isotope effects: Deuterium abstraction by chlorine atoms from the CD3 group in CD3CH2Cl,CD3CHDCl,and CD3CD2Cl

The occurrence and magnitude of secondary kinetic isotope effects in the gas phase has been determined for deuterium abstraction from the CD₃ group in CD₃CH₂Cl, CD₃CHDCl, and CD₃CD₂Cl by photochemically generated ground-state chlorine atoms. Over the temperature range 10–94°C a discernible “inverse” kinetic isotope effect is observed. Both the pre-exponential factors and activation energies decrease with deuterium substitution in the vicinal chloromethyl group. The opposing trends result in a net effect close to unity.     

Observation of a reactive resonance in the integral cross section of a six-atom reaction: F+CHD3

The title reaction was investigated under crossed-beam conditions at collisional energies ranging from about 0.4 to 7.5 kcal/mol. Product velocity distributions were measured by a time-sliced, velocity-map imaging technique to explicitly account for the density-to-flux transformation factors. Both the state-resolved, pair-correlated excitation functions and vibrational branching ratios are presented for the two isotopic product channels. An intriguing resonance tunneling mechanism occurring near the reaction threshold for the HF+CD3 product channel is surmized, which echoes the reactive resonances found previously for the F+HD-->HF+D reaction and more recently for the F+CH4 reaction.     

Product angular distribution for the H + CD4 --> HD + CD3 reaction

Using an analytical potential energy surface previously developed by our group, namely PES-2002, we analyzed the gas-phase reaction between a hydrogen atom and perdeuterated methane. We studied the effect of quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) and reduced dimensionality quantum-scattering (QM) calculations, with their respective limitations, on CD3 product angular distributions in the collision energy range 16.1-46.1 kcal x mol(-1). It was found that at low collision energy, 16.1 kcal x mol(-1), both the QCT and QM calculations yielded forward scattered CD3 products, i.e., a rebound mechanism. However, at high energies only the QM calculations on the PES-2002 surface reproduced the angular scattering found experimentally.     

The effect of reagent translational energy in the reaction O(D2) + H2 → OH(Π) + H

Quasiclassical trajectory calculations have been performed to determine the effect of reactant collision energy on product state distributions in the reaction O(¹D) + H₂ → OH(²Π) + H. The product vibrational distribution becomes more excited as the collision energy is increased. This is not due to an increase in the cross section for collinear abstraction. A detailed analysis has shown that strong O---H₂ repulsion, which occurs during the insertion of the O into the H---H bond, converts the kinetic energy of the reacting system to vibrational motion of the intermediate.     

A crossed-beam study of the F+HD-->DF+H reaction: the direct scattering channel

State-to-state differential cross sections of the title reaction are presented at four collision energies, ranging from 1.18 to 4.0 kcal /mol. Product angular distributions are predominantly backscattered at low energies and shift toward sideways (peaking near 150 degrees ) at higher energies. Experimental evidence for contributions from migratory trajectories was found in the more detailed angle-specific internal state distributions. The dynamics of this reaction is mostly governed by classical mechanics, and several major findings can qualitatively be rationalized. These "classical" behaviors serve as "references" and are to be contrasted to the attributes observed for the other isotopic product channel, HF+D, in a forthcoming paper.