水系锌离子电池锰基正极材料

水系锌离子电池(AZIBs)以低成本、高安全性和高环保特性在大规模储能领域具有广阔的应用前景,当前备受关注的正极材料是研究的热点。锰基化合物因具有资源丰富、环境友好和价格低廉等优点,是最具市场应用前景的一类正极材料。本文详细综述了不同锰基化合物的结构特点以及锰基AZIBs在充放电过程中涉及的四种储能机理,讨论了AZIBs锰基正极材料目前存在的问题和优化策略。最后,提出了AZIBs锰基正极材料具有研究前景的可能性方向,以期对AZIBs的发展起到一定的预见作用。     

关于水系锌离子电池中无氧钒基正极材料的综述

水系锌离子电池具有功率密度高、环境友好、安全性高、低成本和锌资源丰富等优点，被认为具有潜力成为下一代电化学储能系统。然而，正极材料较差的电化学性能制约了水系锌离子电池的未来发展。尽管氧化锰、氧化钒、普鲁士蓝类似物、有机材料等多种材料已被广泛研究，设计具有高性能的理想正极材料仍面临着巨大挑战。无氧钒基化合物由于具有高的电导率、大的层间距、低的离子扩散势垒和高的理论比容量，受到越来越多的关注。本文总结了无氧钒基化合物的研究进展，包括电极材料的设计、改善其电化学性能的有效途径以及复杂的储能机制，提出了无氧钒基化合物目前面临的挑战和未来的发展前景，为进一步制备新型高性能钒基正极材料提供指导。     

水系锌离子电池钒基氧化物正极材料研究进展

近年来,钒基氧化物因为种类众多、理论比容量高和倍率性能优异等优点,被认为是一类具有潜在应用价值的水系锌离子电池正极材料。本文综述了V2O5、VO2等钒基氧化物材料的结构特点及其作为水系锌离子电池正极材料的最近研究进展。重点概述了当前钒基氧化物在锌离子电池中所面临的关键问题以及应对策略;最后,对钒基氧化物储锌材料的发展方向进行了展望。     

客体预嵌策略提升水系锌离子电池正极材料电化学性能

随着人们对电子通讯器件、新能源汽车以及电网级储能技术的需求日益增长,开发安全、高效且兼具环保、低成本等优点的二次电池显得至关重要。近年来,水系锌离子电池因其高安全性、高容量、低成本以及环境友好等优点受到了广泛关注。在与锌负极相匹配的众多正极材料中,具有多电子转移特性的钒基和锰基材料表现出了广阔的应用前景。然而这些正极材料在电池循环过程通常面临着结构坍塌、组分溶解、衍生副反应、反应动力学缓慢等问题,严重制约了其商业化进程。近年来,大量研究表明,客体离子或分子预嵌正极宿主结构可以有效缓解上述问题,提升水系锌离子电池正极材料的电化学性能。本文综述了客体预嵌策略应用于水系锌离子电池钒、锰基正极材料的研究进展,对该策略所解决的问题以及其局限性进行了讨论和总结,并对未来水系锌离子电池钒基和锰基正极材料的研究发展方向进行了展望。     

水系锌离子电池研究进展和挑战

水系锌离子电池(AZIBs)作为一种新兴电池储能技术, 具有安全性高、价格低廉、能量密度高、环境友好、易制造等优点, 在大规模储能等领域具有良好的应用价值和前景, 近年引起了人们的广泛关注且发展迅速. 作者从目前AZIBs存在的科学问题出发, 综述了AZIBs在正负极材料及电解液方面取得的重要进展, 对已开发的多种正极材料的特点及其电化学反应机理进行了分析和总结, 讨论了金属Zn负极面临的挑战和改善策略, 分析了不同水系电解液的特征及其优化方案, 并对这一新兴电池技术面临解决的科学问题和未来实际应用面临的技术挑战进行了总结和展望.     

MXenes在水系锌离子电池中的应用研究进展

水系锌离子电池(AZIBs)作为一种低成本、高安全的新兴且前景广阔的储能技术近年来备受关注。新型MXenes材料由于其独特的结构特征和物理化学性质,如易调节的二维结构、优异的导电性、化学组成多样和可控的表面化学特性,在AZIBs中表现出独特的应用优势。本文全面综述近年来MXenes在AZIBs中应用的研究进展,探讨MXenes应用于AZIBs正负极的结构设计及性能优化策略：在正极方面,MXenes可直接作为活性物质或活性物质前驱体、基体材料,以获得高活性、优异的循环寿命和倍率性能;在负极方面,MXenes可作为锌沉积的二维/三维载体、亲锌基体及锌金属界面保护层,以减缓电化学反应过程中锌金属的腐蚀和枝晶生长。此外,本文也对MXenes基材料在AZIBs中应用的发展方向进行展望。     

钠离子电池磷酸盐正极材料研究进展

近年来,钠离子电池因其原材料丰富、资源成本低廉及安全环保等突出优点,在电化学规模储能领域和低速电动车中具有广阔的应用前景。聚阴离子型磷酸盐具有稳定的框架结构、合适的工作电压和快速的离子扩散路径等特征,是一类极具研究价值和应用前景的钠离子电池正极材料。但是,磷酸盐正极材料电子导电性差和比能量偏低等缺陷限制了其走向实际应用。研究工作者通过体相结构调控和微纳结构设计等手段进行改性研究,旨在提升磷酸盐正极材料的性能表现、推动钠离子储能体系的研究开发。本文综述了钠离子电池磷酸盐正极材料的最新进展,包括正磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、氟磷酸盐和混合磷酸盐化合物,通过对磷酸盐材料的晶体结构、储钠机理和改性策略等方面的综述,揭示材料成分、结构与电化学性能之间的本征关系,为聚阴离子磷酸盐正极材料的持续改性和新型磷酸盐高压正极材料的探索开发提供指导。     

水系锌离子电池负极集流体关键问题及设计策略

水系锌离子电池具有成本低廉、环境友好、安全、能量密度较高等特点,有望应用于大规模电化学储能装置.然而,目前使用的商业化锌箔负极相对正极活性材料大大过量,显著降低了电池的能量密度,且存在严重的穿孔和极耳脱落等问题.使用集流体负载锌作为负极可有效提高放电深度,同时避免电极穿孔失效.但是,集流体界面易产生锌枝晶与副反应,严重影响电池的循环寿命.本综述首先分析了锌枝晶与副反应的产生原因及其对锌负极电化学性能的影响,并从集流体材料成分选择与结构构建两方面总结了锌负极集流体的设计思路,包括选择亲锌性材料、设计择优取向基底与构建三维集流体结构.设计合适的集流体可有效调控锌金属的沉积与剥离行为,从而推进水系锌离子电池的实用化.     

锂离子电池有机正极材料

随着储能电源和电动汽车的迅猛发展,开发高能量密度的锂离子电池成为研究的重点之一。锂离子电池性能的提高很大程度上取决于正极材料的特性。目前,广泛使用的无机正极材料普遍存在容量提升有限、生产过程消耗能源大、存在安全隐患和成本高等缺陷。因此,需要开发比容量更高、安全性更好和在自然界中储量更为丰富的绿色能源材料。与无机正极材料相比,有机物正极材料具有理论比容量高、原料丰富、环境友好、结构可设计性强和体系安全的优点,是一类具有广泛应用前景的储能物质。本文综述了目前国内外已经开展的研究工作,介绍了作为锂离子正极材料的几类主要的有机化合物,包括导电高分子聚合物、含硫化合物、氮氧自由基化合物和含氧共轭化合物等;对比分析了这些化合物的电化学性能、电化学反应机理及其具备的优势和存在的不足;指出了有机化合物作为锂离子正极材料需要解决的问题及今后研究和改进方向。     

镁-过渡金属复合物正极材料

高能量密度、大容量、高工作电压、低成本、环境友好的二次电池是未来储能电池技术的发展方向。高比能的镁离子电池（MIBs）是以镁或镁合金为负极的二次电池,是一种重要的有望用于电动汽车的新型绿色储能电池。镁离子电池发展缓慢的主要问题是镁离子在正极材料中扩散速度慢。因此,本文综述了五类晶体结构的镁-过渡金属复合物类型（包括一维隧道结构、二维层状结构、三维尖晶石结构、三维NASICON结构、三维橄榄石结构）、制备方法、电化学性能等,还阐述了镁离子在固体中扩散行为及提高扩散速度的措施,最后展望了镁离子电池正极材料镁-过渡金属复合物的重要研究方向。寻找高电压（大于3 V）、高比能量、高可逆性的正极材料和与其匹配的电解液是实现镁离子电池第三次突破的关键。我们希望本文有利于更深入地了解镁离子电池正极材料,促进镁离子电池的发展。     

Vanadium-based cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries: Structure,mechanism and prospects

As an emerging energy storage device with high-safety aqueous electrolytes, low-cost, environmental benignity and large-reserves, the rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) have attracted more and more attention. Vanadium-based compounds are also supposed as the potential candidate cathode materials for AZIBs due to their wide variety of phases, variable crystal structures and high theoretical capacity. In this review, the recent progress in the development of vanadium-based materials wa...     

Defect engineering of vanadium-based electrode materials for zinc ion battery

With the quick development of sustainable energy sources, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have become a highly potential energy storage technology. It is a crucial step to construct desired electrode materials for improving the total performance of AZIBs. In recent years, considerable efforts have focused on the modification of vanadium-based cathode materials. In this review, we summarized defect engineering strategies of vanadium-based cathodes, including oxygen defects, cation vacancies and heterogeneous doping. Then, we discussed the effect of various defects on the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. Finally, we proposed the future challenges and development directions of V-based cathode materials.     

Strategies for constructing manganese-based oxide electrode materials for aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries

Commercial lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been widely used in various energy storage systems. However, many unfavorable factors of LIBs have prompted researchers to turn their attention to the development of emerging secondary batteries. Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs) present some prominent advantages with environmental friendliness, low cost and convenient operation feature. Mn O2electrode is the first to be discovered as promising cathode material. So far, manganese-based oxides have made...     

电解液调控策略提升水系锌离子电池正极材料电化学性能

水系锌离子电池(ZIBs)因安全性高、成本低、环境友好,以及负极锌高的理论容量(820 mAh·g^-1)和低的氧化还原电位(-0.76 V vs.SHE)等优点而受到研究者们的广泛关注,有望应用于大规模储能领域,但循环寿命仍是限制其规模化应用的瓶颈之一。通过电解液优化调控策略,可有效抑制正极材料的溶解、结构坍塌和界面副反应等问题,从而提高水系ZIBs的电化学性能。本文综述了电解液调控策略提升水系ZIBs正极材料电化学性能的研究进展,讨论了该策略所解决的具体问题和局限性,并对电解液体系的发展方向进行了展望。     

Cathodes for Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries: Materials,Mechanisms, and Kinetics

As concerns about the safety of lithium-ions batteries (LIBs) increases, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) with a lower cost, higher safety, and higher co-efficiency have attracted more and more interest. However, finding suitable cathode materials is still an urgent problem in ZIBs. In recent years, a lot of significant works have been reported, including manganese-based cathodes, vanadium-based cathodes, Prussian blue analog-based materials, and sustainable quinone cathodes. In this review, some typical cathode materials are introduced. The detailed storage mechanisms and methods for improving the reaction kinetics of the zinc ions are summarized. Finally, the issues, challenges, and the research directions are provided.     

Realizing high-voltage aqueous zinc-ion batteries with expanded electrolyte electrochemical stability window

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) have aroused significant research interest around the world in the past decade. The use of low-cost aqueous electrolytes and a metallic Zn anode with a suitable redox potential and high energy density make AZIBs a potential alternative to commercial Li-ion batteries in the development of next-generation batteries. However, owing to the narrow electrochemical stability window(ESW) of aqueous electrolytes, the choice of cathode materials is limited, because of whi...     

Recent progress on lithium-ion batteries with high electrochemical performance

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been widely used in many fields such as portable electronics and electric vehicles since their successful commercialization in the 1990 s. However, the electrochemical performance of current commercial LIBs still needs to be further improved to meet the continuously increasing demands for energy storage applications. Recently, tremendous research efforts have been made in developing next-generation LIBs with enhanced electrochemical performance. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent progress of LIBs with high electrochemical performance from four aspects, including cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, and separators. We discuss not only the commercial electrode materials(LiCoO_2,LiFePO_4, LiMn_2O_4, LiNi_xMn_yCo_zO_2, LiNi_xCo_yAl_zO_2, and graphite) but also other promising next-generation materials such as Li-, Mn-rich layered oxides, organic cathode materials, Si, and Li metal. For each type of materials, we highlight their problems and corresponding strategies to enhance their electrochemical performance. Nowadays, one of the key challenges to construct high-performance LIBs is how to develop cathode materials with high capacity and working voltage. This review provides an overview and future perspectives to develop next-generation LIBs with high electrochemical performance.     

Hydrated ammonium manganese phosphates by electrochemically induced manganese-defect as cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) with the merits of low cost, low toxicity, high safety, environmental benignity as well as multi-valence properties as the large-scale energy storage devices demonstrate tremendous application prospect. However, the explorations for the most competitive manganese-based cathode materials of AZIBs have been mainly limited to some known manganese oxides. Herein, we report a new type of cathode material NH₄MnPO₄·H₂O (abbreviated as AMPH) for rechargeable AZIBs synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. An in-situ electrochemical strategy inducing Mn-defect has been used to unlock the electrochemical activity of AMPH through the initial charge process, which can convert poor electrochemical characteristic of AMPH towards Zn²⁺ and NH₄⁺ into great electrochemically active cathode for AZIBs. It still delivers a reversible discharge capacity up to 90.0 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g even after 1000^th cycles, which indicates a considerable capacity and an impressive cycle stability. Furthermore, this cathode reveals an (de)insertion mechanism of Zn²⁺ and NH₄⁺ without structural collapse during the charge/discharge process. The work not only supplements a new member for the family of manganese-based compound for AZIBs, but also provides a potential direction for developing novel cathode material for AZIBs by introducing defect chemistry.