超高分子量聚乙烯的研发及应用

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)是一种性能卓越的工程塑料,同众多的聚合材料相比,具有其它工程塑料所无法比拟的耐冲击性、耐磨损性、耐化学药品性、耐低温性、耐应力开裂性、抗粘附能力,优良的电绝缘性、自润滑性及安全卫生等性能,可以代替碳钢、不锈钢、青铜等材料广泛地应用于体育、纺织、采矿、化工、包装、建筑、机械、电气、医疗等领域。本文综述了国内超高分子量聚乙烯生产现状、需求、产品加工和应用情况,并对其以后的发展前景进行了预测。     

酞菁铜的多晶性

酞菁铜(PcCu)是一种含大x共轭体系的平面分子(图1)。自1927年被合成后,很快以它色泽鲜艳、稳定、耐光、耐酸碱、着色力强及价格便宜等特点在颜料工业上得到广泛应用。目前,世界年产量约为4万吨,1978年美国生产了5018吨PcCu(约占总有机颜料产量的14.5%),日本生产了7150吨(约占37.1%)。我     

平板玻璃的银扩散着色工艺的研究

本文研究了温度、时间、特别是热处理操作对平板玻璃的银扩散着色效果的影响,并用光电子能谱(XPS)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)和电子微分分析(EDAX)等方法,对着色层的元素组成和着色物质的存在状态进行了研究。结果表明,在未经热处理的着色玻璃表层中,着色物质以AgO的形式存在;热处理以后,着色物质以金属银的形式存在,颜色变深则可能是由于胶态银粒长大所致。     

无机硅酸盐涂料的研制及应用

以硅酸盐溶液为主要原料,利用少量自制的含偶联功能基团的有机硅聚合物乳液与硅酸盐进行杂化反应,同时与填料等有效的结合制备了无机硅酸盐涂料,并对涂料的性能进行研究。结果表明：制备的无机硅酸盐涂层具有优异的贮存稳定性、柔韧性、防水性、耐污性、阻燃性以及耐霉菌性等,满足建筑内外墙涂料的相关标准要求。     

溶剂红135染料中六氯苯含量的测定

溶剂染料是高级塑料着色剂及聚酯纺前着色剂,具有着色力强、耐热性好、耐晒牢度高,色泽鲜艳等优点,在日用塑料、有机玻璃、PVC包装材料、装饰材料、油漆油墨、色母粒等材料的着色,化纤、涤纶、尼龙、醋酸纤维等着色喷丝上应用广泛。溶剂染料属油溶性染料范畴,能溶解于有机溶剂,     

新型可溶性聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

聚芳醚酮是一类具有独特的耐热性、耐疲劳性、耐辐射性、化学稳定性、阻燃性和介电性等诸多优异性能的工程塑料, 广泛应用于航天、军事、电子、信息、核能和精密仪器等领域 [1,2]. 具有不同性质并有不同应用特性的聚芳醚酮的研究已有报道 [3～8]. 将甲基、苯基和叔丁基等不同取代基引入到聚芳醚酮中可提高溶解性, 改善加工性能, 其中引入一些功能型侧基也可实现聚芳醚酮的功能化.     

原液着色阻燃共聚酯及其纤维的制备与表征北大核心CSCD

采用原液着色技术制备了掺杂无机、有机染料的原液着色阻燃共聚酯切片,并对其可纺性及所得着色阻燃纤维性能进行了研究。通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热失重分析仪(TGA)、极限氧指数仪(LOI)、声速仪及纱线强伸度仪等对所得样品进行了表征测试。结果表明,染料的加入对阻燃共聚酯的结晶性能及热稳定性能影响很小,且原液着色阻燃共聚酯的LOI在33%～35%之间,呈现良好的阻燃性能。原液着色阻燃共聚酯切片具有很好的可纺性,热收缩测试表明染料掺杂阻燃共聚酯纤维的热收缩性能有所降低,尺寸稳定性有所提高,着色阻燃纤维的断裂强度能达到2.0cN/dtex以上,可满足纺织品对纤维的强度要求。     

CoO—CuO—SiO2三元系统着色涂层的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备反射膜、抗反射膜以及着色涂层的研究近年来较引人注目。山本雄二等报道过CoO-SiO_2、CuO-SiO_2、NiO-SiO_2等二元系统着色涂层,涂层的颜色基本上与其中所包含的有色离子颜色相同。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了CoO-CuO-SiO_2着色涂层,得到了具有Co~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的混合颜色的着色涂层,并确定了该体系的成膜区。     

车用塑料耐刮擦测试方法概述

耐刮擦测试是汽车内外饰塑料零件质量控制的一项重要指标。介绍了耐刮擦测试原理,刮擦头、负载、样品与刮擦头相对运动状态等是决定测试方法的关键技术要素,评价塑料耐刮擦性的方法分为目视法及仪器测量法。综述了五指刮擦法、硬度试验笔刮擦法、网格刮擦法、摩擦色牢度刮擦法及其他刮擦法测试方法,分析和总结了不同测试方法的特点和应用范围。     

耐氯纳滤/反渗透复合膜的研究进展

聚酰胺纳滤/反渗透复合膜的耐氯性能较差,严重影响膜的使用寿命,增加了膜系统运行成本。就此,很多学者从多方面展开了耐氯复合膜的研究工作。本文对近年来国内外耐氯纳滤/反渗透复合膜的研究进行综述,阐述了聚酰胺的氯化降解机理,归纳介绍了新的膜制备工艺、新型膜材料的研究、传统单体的改性、膜表面的接枝和涂覆等提高纳滤/反渗透复合膜耐氯性的方法。在分析各类方法优劣的基础上,对聚酰胺膜的耐氯改性工作进行介绍和分析,并对聚酰胺反渗透膜复合膜耐氯改性所面临的问题及前景进行了展望。     

Polymers from intermediates obtained from hydrogen cyanide

The recent demonstration of an easy synthesis of diiminosuccinonitrile (DISN) from hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen, the reduction of DISN to diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN), and the use of these compounds to form difunctional heterocycles has made several new polyamide intermediates accessible. The 1- and 2-methyl-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarbonyl chlorides have been polymerized interfacially to form high-melting polyamides of good heat stability. Interfacial polymerization of 1-methylimidazole-4,5-dicarbonyl chloride and trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine has given a polyamide that is water-soluble. The 2,6- and 2,3-pyrazinedicarbonyl chlorides have been similarly converted to high-melting polyamides. 2,6-Dicyano-3,5-dipiperazinylpyrazine has been prepared from tetracyanopyrazine and piperazine and reacted with toluene diisocyanate to form a strong, stiff polyurea. Polyamides were also made from 2,3-diaminoquinoxaline, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5,6-dioxo-2,3-pyrazinedicarbonitrile, and DAMN.     

Stereocomplex Formation from Enantiomeric Polyamides Derived from Tartaric Acid

Summary: The formation of stereocomplexes from the pair of enantiomorphs of the chiral polyamide poly(hexamethylene di‐O‐methyl tartaramide) was investigated for a variety of experimental conditions. DSC and X‐ray diffraction data evidenced that efficiency in enantiomeric association is highly sensitive to the procedure used for preparing the complex. A comparative isothermal crystallization study revealed that the stereocomplex crystallized from the melt at a rate lower than the enantiomerically pure components. The radial growth of individual spherulites was also delayed in the crystallization of the complex. No evidence of stereocoupling was detected for other poly(alkylene di‐O‐methyl tartaramide)s with the alkylene unit length different from six. It was concluded that molecular interlocking of hydrogen bonds in the enantiomeric pair is highly selective in this family of polymers.

Spherulitic growth at 200 °C from the melt.     

Fish attractants from marine invertebrates: Arcamine from Arca Zebra and strombine from Strombus Gigas

The isolation and characterisation of two fish attractants, a new dipeptide (Arcamine, hypotauryl-2-carboxyglycine),1 and Strombine (C-methyl-imino diacetic acid),2 are described.     

Engineers are from PDMS-land, Biologists are from Polystyrenia

As the integration of microfluidics into cell biology research proceeds at an ever-increasing pace, a critical question for those working at the interface of both disciplines is which device material to use for a given application. While PDMS and soft lithography methods offer the engineer rapid prototyping capabilities, PDMS as a material has characteristics that have known adverse effects on cell-based experiments. In contrast, while polystyrene (PS), the most commonly used thermoplastic for laboratory cultureware, has provided decades of grounded and validated research conclusions in cell behavior and function, PS as a material has posed significant challenges in microfabrication. These competing issues have forced microfluidics engineers and biologists to make compromises in how they approach specific research questions, and furthermore, have attenuated the impact of microfluidics on biological research. In this review, we provide a comparison of the attributes of PDMS and PS, and discuss reasons for their popularity in their respective fields. We provide a critical evaluation of the strengths and limitations of PDMS and PS in relation to the advancement and future impact on microfluidic cell-based studies and applications. We believe that engineers have a responsibility to overcome any challenges associated with microfabrication, whether with PS or other materials, and that engineers should provide options and solutions that assist biologists in their experimental design. Our goal is not to advocate for any specific material, but provide guidelines for researchers who desire to choose the most suitable material for their application, and suggest important research directions for engineers working at the interface between microfabrication technology and biological application.     

Alkaloids from the Tunicate Polycarpa aurata from Chuuk Atoll

Two new alkaloids, polycarpine (1) and N,N-didesmethylgrossularine-1 (4), have been isolated from extracts of the ascidian Polycarpa aurata collected in Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia. Three degradation products of 1 were also isolated. The structures of 1, 2, and 4 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The dimeric disulfide 1 inhibited the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, but the inhibition could be reversed by addition of excess dithiothreitol suggesting that 1 reacts with sulfhydryl groups on the enzyme.