一种新型包含平面四配位碳二硼有机化合物的理论研究

采用B3LYP/6-311+G**方法, 研究了一种新型的包含平面四配位碳(ptC)二硼有机化合物C9B2H6的结构、稳定性和振动频率. 计算结果表明, C9B2H6结构的稳定性和两个硼原子的位置有很大关系, 硼原子起给予σ电子和接受π电子的作用. 在C9B2H6的15个异构体中, 最稳定的结构是具有C2v对称性的异构体(1,5), 在异构体(1,5)中, 两个硼原子位于同一个六元环中且与ptC相邻. 而且占据的π轨道说明异构体(1,5)具有10个π电子, 满足4n+2规则. 计算的核独立化学位移(NICS)值显示异构体(1,5)强的芳香性位于C9B2H6的两个三元环而不是两个六元环上.     

C_(80)X_(12)(X=H,F,Cl,Br)的结构和稳定性

为了考察勒烯衍生物结构与稳定性关系,采用密度泛函理论方法对C80X12(X=H,F,Cl,Br)进行了系统计算究.结表明,在C80X12(X=H,F)异构体中,最低能量异构体都违反五元环分离规则.然而,在C80X12(X=Cl,Br)异构体中,最低能量异构体都满足五元环分离规则.由于van der Waals半径较小,H或F加成到碳笼上时外部原子之间排斥作用小,因此在其优结构中,H或F优先加成到2个五元环共用碳原子上.相反,对于氯化、溴化勒烯,为了避免外部加成原子之间在重空间排斥作用,其优结构中Cl或Br优先加成到1,4-位点上.计算结还显,氢化、卤化反应热(C80+6X2→C80X12)遵循如下顺序,即C80F12>C80Cl12>C80H12>C80Br12.这些结表明勒烯衍生物稳定性和衍生化模与加成原子尺和电性有关.     

(BCO)+n(n=1-12)团簇的结构与稳定性

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-31G*水平上对(BCO)⁺_n(n=1-12)团簇的几何结构、电子结构、振动频率等性质进行了理论研究. 结果表明, (BCO)⁺_n团簇的基态结构均为羰基端配位(μ₁-CO)结构, 且含三元环和五元环数目越多或四元环和六元环的数目越少, 相应的结构越稳定. 能量分析得到, n 为奇数的(BCO)⁺_n团簇比n为偶数的稳定.     

B24N24团簇的结构与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31G^*水平下,对B₂₄N₂₄笼状团簇的12种异构体进行了优化,并对它们的几何构型、化学键性质、振动光谱和稳定性进行了探讨.研究表明:具有S₈对称的含有2个八元环、8个四元环和16个六元环的结构h是B₂₄N₂₄笼状团簇最稳定的异构体,只存在B-N键,而无N-N和B-B键.含有五元环结构的稳定性最低.B-B和N-N键对的数目越多,结构的稳定性越低.12种异构体的稳定性顺序为h＞a＞b＞I＞g＞l＞c＞k＞j＞d＞e＞f.     

B_n(BO)_n~(2-)、CB_(n-1)(BO)_n~-和C_2B_(n-2)(BO)_n(n=5~12):类似于笼状B_nH_n~(2-)、CB_(n-1)H_n~-和C_2B_(n-2)H_n的硼氧团簇

笼状硼氢化合物BnHn2-、CBn-1Hn-和C2Bn-2Hn(n=5~12)含n个顶点和(n+1)对骨架电子,具有典型的三维芳香性、高的芳香化能和类似于苯的化学反应性.2005年以来,在研究B-O二元团簇的过程中,我们首次提出硼的硼羰基化合物(boron boronyls)和碳的硼羰基化合物(carbon boronyls)的概念,探讨了Bn(BO)m0/-1/-2(n=1~2,m=2~4)及Cn(BO)n(n=3~7)系列化合物的几何结构和电子性质.基于高分辨光电子能谱实验和密度泛函理论分析,确认线性B(BO)20/-1及三角形B(BO)30/-1新颖结构,首次发现线性D∞h B2(BO)22-离子含有B≡B三重键.理论和实验结合研究表明,BO与H具有等瓣相似性,BO自由基具有类似于CN的化学行为.在此基础上,本文用BO基团取代BnHn2-、CBn-1Hn-及C2Bn-2Hn(n=5~12)中的H原子,形成Bn(BO)n2-、CBn-1(BO)n-及C2Bn-2(BO)n(n=5~12)系列硼氧化物,对其几何和电子结构、稳定性和芳香性进行密度泛函B3LYP/6-311+G(3df)理论研究.图1给出n=1...     

Ⅲ-Ⅴ族多面体团簇的稳定性规律

本文对Ⅲ-Ⅴ族多面体团簇的几何结构与稳定性规律之间的关系进行了总结,内容包括富勒烯C_n团簇、C_nX_n(X=H,F)团簇、B_nN_n团簇、(HBNH)_n团簇、N_n团簇及羰基硼(BCO)_n团簇。对于富勒烯,最成熟的稳定性判据为独立五元环规则和五元环共边计数规则,它们都强调C_n团簇由五元环与六元环形成,且五元环应最大程度分离。但氢化或氟化后的C_nX_n(X=H,F)团簇有不同的稳定性规律,它们的稳定结构为五元环聚集的管状结构。B_nN_n团簇主要由四元环、六元环这样的偶数元环形成,避免了BB或NN键的出现。其最稳定结构中,四元环呈最大分离。最稳定的(HBNH)_n团簇为四元环聚集的针状结构。N原子与CH单元为等电子体,但最稳定的N_n团簇由三元环、五元环与六元环形成,呈管状结构。BCO单元与CH也具有等瓣相似性,但最稳定的(BCO)_n结构由三元环和六元环形成。对部分氢化或氟化富勒烯稳定性规律的探索,是Ⅲ-Ⅴ族团簇稳定性研究的下一个难点。     

N8H8环状异构体的结构与稳定性的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法在6-311＋＋G**基组水平上对N₈H₈氮氢环状化合物可能存在的构型进行了几何优化, 得到74种稳定异构体, 应用自然键轨道理论NBO和分子中的原子理论AIM分析了这些化合物成键特征和相对稳定性, G3MP2方法计算了各异构体的能量及生成热. 研究结果表明: N原子孤对电子到相邻的氮氮键的超共轭作用是影响氮氮键长变化的主要因素; N₈H₈环状异构体的稳定性顺序为: 六元环＞七元环＞八元环, 五元环＞三元环＞四元环, 六元环是这些N₈H₈环状异构体中最稳定的, 最不稳定的是四元环, G19是所有环状异构体中能量最低的; M3能量最高, 稳定性最差, A7密度最大.     

C_(24)和B_(12)N_(12)团簇的结构与稳定性

本文采用量子化学密度泛函理论的B3LYP/6-31G*方法,对C24和B12N12团簇的12种异构体进行了优化,并对它们的几何构型、振动频率、核独立化学位移(NICS)和结合能进行了理论探讨, 比较了C24和B12N12团簇结构的稳定性。研究表明:C24团簇的最稳定几何构型为类石墨结构d,B12N12团簇的最稳定结构为4/6笼状结构g。C24异构体的稳定性大小顺序为d > b > f > c > a > e。B12N12团簇异构体稳定性大小顺序为a > f> c> d > e >b。     

C20三个异构体稳定性的从头计算研究

采用HF,B3LYP,MP2和QCISD等理论方法在6-31G和6-31G^*基组水平上,对C20的3个主要异构体碟型(Bowl)、笼型(Cage)和环型(Ring)的结构进行理论研究,得出这3个异构体的相对稳定性的次序为:Ring>Bowl>Cage.计算结果显示,分子轨道具有离域特性,电子的这种离域特征有利于原子间更好的成键,可避免出现大的张力,这是Cage型异构体虽然违反“五元环隔离规则”(Isolatedpentagonrule)却能稳定存在的原因.     

(XY)12(X=B,Al;Y=P)团簇的结构与稳定性

采用B3LYP／6031G*方法,对(XY)12(X=B,Al;Y=P)笼状团簇的同分异构体进行优化,筛选出能量最低的构型．讨论它们的几何构型、HOMO-LUMO能隙、生成焓、核独立化学位移(NICS)和自由能．得到(BP)12和(AlP)12团簇的最稳定构型均为具有Th对称性的四、六元环组成的笼,亚稳态结构中含有五元环。     

Structures and energies of isolobal (BCO)n and (CH)n cages

The structures and energies of isolobal (CH)n and (BCO)n polyhedral species, computed at the B3LYP density functional theory level, reveal contrasts in behavior. The strain energies of the (BCO)n cages are much smaller. Also unlike the (CH)n cages, the most stable (BCO)n polyhedra (n > or = 10) prefer structures with the largest number of three-membered rings. The planar (or nearly planar) faces of the cage systems were modeled by computations on planar, isoelectronic (CH2)n (Dnh) and (HBCO)n (Cnv) rings. While the strain energies of all the planar carbon rings, relative to the most stable D5h (CH2)5, were large, the strain energies of all the planar (HBCO)n (Cnv) rings were small. Remarkably, the three-membered (HBCO)3 (C3v) ring was the most stable. Finally, large (BCO)n systems prefer tubelike rather than cage structures.     

Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations of CuSi(n)- (n = 4-18) clusters

We conducted a combined anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory study on the structural evolution of copper-doped silicon clusters, CuSi(n)(-) (n = 4-18). Based on the comparison between the experiments and theoretical calculations, CuSi(12)(-) is suggested to be the smallest fully endohedral cluster. The low-lying isomers of CuSi(n)(-) with n ≥ 12 are dominated by endohedral structures, those of CuSi(n)(-) with n < 12 are dominated by exohedral structures. The most stable structure of CuSi(12)(-) is a double-chair endohedral structure with the copper atom sandwiched between two chair-style Si(6) rings or, in another word, encapsulated in a distorted Si(12) hexagonal prism cage. CuSi(14)(-) has an interesting C(3h) symmetry structure, in which the Si(14) cage is composed by three four-membered rings and six five-membered rings.     

Pseudohelical and helical primary structures of 1,2-spiroannelated four- and five-membered rings: syntheses and chiroptical properties

The pseudohelical hydrocarbons (R)-6, (S)-7, and (R)-8 and the helical hydrocarbon (P)-9, formally derived from the helical hydrocarbon (P)-4 by stepwise replacement of each of the four-membered rings by a five-membered ring, have been prepared. Their optical rotations vary systematically, both in magnitude and sign. Of the extremes, (P)-4 represents the usual case of a right-handed dextrorotatory helix, while (P)-9 represents the unusual case of a right-handed levorotatory helix. To rationalize these facts, DFT calculations of the rotatory power of (P)-helices of three-, four-, and five-membered rings have been performed. The results show a very good agreement with the experimental data for the rigid helices of three-membered rings and always show the correct sign and order of magnitude for the flexible helices of four- and five-membered rings for which Boltzmann-averaged optical rotations of up to six conformers had to be used. Within the conformers of the latter, a set of large dihedral angles for the bonds of the inner sphere correspond to a high specific rotation, and a set of small dihedral angles correspond to a low specific rotation. As a consequence, the Boltzmann-averaged values markedly depend on the geometry and weight of the conformers involved.     

Structure of a C26H28 alkene formed via titanium-promoted reductive dimerization of 4-(spirocyclopropyl)-pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecan-8-one

A spiro-fused C₂₆H₂₈ cage≓ dimer hydrocarbon contains two three-membered rings, two four-membered rings, eight five-membered rings, and two six-membered rings. The molecule is calculated by molecular mechanics to have 902 kJ/mol of strain energy distributed primarily between angle strain (457 kJ/mol) and torsional interactions (368 kJ/mol). Molecular mechanics calculations and a geometry-optimized ab initio calculation are used to analyze the bond lengths and bond angles in the molecule. There is one major discrepancy between observed and calculated distances.     

Sigma-antiaromaticity in cyclobutane,cubane, and other molecules with saturated four-membered rings

Dissected nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) analyses of cycloalkanes and cage hydrocarbons reveal contrasting ring current effects, diatropic in three- and five-membered and paratropic in four-membered ring systems. The large shielding effects of the C-C bonds of the archetypal sigma-aromatic, cyclopropane, are magnified in tetrahedrane and related structures. The remarkable deshielding effect of the cyclobutane C-C(sigma) bonds is general: cubane and cages with four-membered rings are strongly deshielding (i.e., sigma-antiaromatic).[structure--see text]     

Cyclization and Isomerization Reactionsin Silylhydrazine Chemistry

 This review describes the synthesis and isomerization reactions of cyclic silylhydrazines. Topics of discussion are the ring expansion of the three-membered Si(SiN₂) to the four-membered (SiN)₂ ring by lithiation of the (SiN₂) ring and by thermal silyl group insertion into the N*N bond, the ring expansion of a three-membered (SiN₂) to a five-membered (CSi₂N₂) ring by SiCH₂ insertion into the Si*N bond, the formation of isomeric four- and six-membered (SiN₂)₂ rings, the synthesis of five- and six-membered silylhydrazine rings, and the expansion of a five-membered (N₂Si₂N)N ring to the isomeric six-membered (SiNN)₂ ring. The mechanisms of the isomerizations are explained by quantum chemical calculations, and the results are verified by crystal structure determinations.     

二(乙二胺)(2-氨基乙基)合钴(III)配合物构象研究

本文利用CFF方法分析了Co(Ⅲ)配合物二齿配体中较少见的四员环构象的特征,并模拟了这个四员环在配位环境下构象变化的过程。标题配合物[Co(CH_2CH_2NH_2)(NH_2CH_2CH_2NH_2)_2]~(2+)(图1)为光化学反应的中间产物,     

Lewis acid-mediated rearrangement of activated cyclic amines: a facile synthetic protocol for the preparation of amino carbonyl compounds

Ring opening of activated cyclic amines to produce amino carbonyl compounds has been studied in the presence of Lewis acids. Whereas five- and six-membered rings cleave and rearrange via a 1,2-hydride shift, reaction in three- and four-membered rings takes place via a C-C bond migration. In the case of a three-membered ring, a wide variety of Lewis acids proved to be effective for the reaction. Base-induced ring opening of activated alpha,alpha-disubstituted azetidinemethanol and its mechanistic aspects have been studied.     

Cyclization and Isomerization Reactionsin Silylhydrazine Chemistry

Summary.  This review describes the synthesis and isomerization reactions of cyclic silylhydrazines. Topics of discussion are the ring expansion of the three-membered Si(SiN₂) to the four-membered (SiN)₂ ring by lithiation of the (SiN₂) ring and by thermal silyl group insertion into the N*N bond, the ring expansion of a three-membered (SiN₂) to a five-membered (CSi₂N₂) ring by SiCH₂ insertion into the Si*N bond, the formation of isomeric four- and six-membered (SiN₂)₂ rings, the synthesis of five- and six-membered silylhydrazine rings, and the expansion of a five-membered (N₂Si₂N)N ring to the isomeric six-membered (SiNN)₂ ring. The mechanisms of the isomerizations are explained by quantum chemical calculations, and the results are verified by crystal structure determinations. Received February 23, 2001. Accepted (revised) April 24, 2001     

A gas electron diffraction and ab initio quantum-mechanical investigation into the molecular structure of tricyclo-(3.1.002,4)-hexane

The structure of tricyclo-(3.1.00^2,4)exane has been determined by gas phase electron diffraction. The molecule has an inversion centre. The mean carbon—carbon bond length, averaged over both three- and four-membered rings is 1.508 A. A model with equal C-C bond lengths fits to the measured diffraction intensities. The four-membered ring is planar with valency angles of 90°, while the carbon atoms of the three-membered rings form isosceles triangles. Ab initio quantum mechanical calculations at the STO-3G level support this geometry. The valency angle CCC (between three- and four-membered rings) for the equilateral four-membered ring model has been found experimentally to be 109.9°. The average C-H bond distance (1.080 Å) is small as a result of increased s-character in these bonds in agreement with reported INDO—LMO calculations.