手性配体交换毛细管电泳在氨基酸手性分析中的应用研究进展

氨基酸的手性分析在生命科学中具有重要的研究意义。手性配体交换毛细管电泳法作为常用的氨基酸的手性分析方式之一,具有高效、快速、样品迁移顺序可调等优点,引起了研究者们极大的兴趣。本文主要综述了近年来手性配体交换毛细管电泳法在氨基酸的手性分析中的应用研究进展。     

毛细管电泳的手性拆分(文献综述)

 根据最近文献,对毛细管电泳在手性拆分领域中的应用和发展进行了评述,包括各种操作模式和各类手性选择剂,进一步评述了手性拆分机理的研究,显示出毛细管电泳是手性拆分的一种高效、快速、简便的分离手段。     

手性毛细管电色谱研究进展

手性化合物的分离分析一直是分析化学领域的一个重要研究课题。对映异构体在非手性环境中具有相同的化学和物理性质,但在生物体系中会展现出不同的生物和生理活性。因此,手性对映体的有效拆分对于医药、生物领域有着重大的意义。本文就近年来毛细管电色谱技术及其对手性化合物的拆分研究进行归纳及综述,介绍了基于不同材料,包括多糖衍生物、纳米材料、多孔有机骨架材料以及生物材料作为手性固定相的毛细管电色谱柱制备和应用。最后对手性毛细管电色谱的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

毛细管电泳的手性拆分(文献综述)

根据最近文献,对毛细管电泳在手性拆分领域中的应用和发展进行了评述,包括各种操作模式和各类手性选择剂,进一步评述了手性拆分机理的研究,显示出毛细管电泳是手性拆分的一种高效、快速、简便的分离手段。     

手性药物的高效毛细管电泳拆分方法*

手性药物的高效毛细管电泳拆分方法的研究近年来发展很快。本文以平衡理论为基础对现有的研究成果进行了综述, 探讨了各种实验条件对拆分结果的影响, 以及各类手性拆分剂的选择与应用。     

涂层技术在毛细管电泳手性分离中的应用

手性是自然界的本质属性之一。手性分离分析技术对生命科学、环境科学、生物工程和药物工程等许多学科都具有十分重要的意义。当前,对不同种类手性化合物进行拆分已成为毛细管电泳技术最具特色的研究和应用领域之一。然而,被分析物(或拆分剂)在毛细管内壁的吸附是毛细管电泳手性分离中的常见问题。涂层技术就是采用不同的方法对毛细管内壁进行改性,是抑制非特异性吸附、提高分离效率及分离重现性最简便和最有效的方法。本文主要综述了近十几年来各种涂层技术在毛细管电泳手性分离领域的应用现状,并对毛细管涂层技术今后的发展进行了展望。     

手性离子液体在毛细管电泳手性分离中的应用

简要介绍了手性离子液体用于毛细管电泳手性分离的一般原理,系统地介绍了基于手性离子液体的毛细管电泳对映体拆分的一元手性选择体系和二元手性选择体系,并在国内外研究现状的基础上展望了手性离子液体在毛细管电泳手性分离中的应用前景。     

农产品中手性农药对映体残留色谱法分析研究进展

手性农药对映体在对生物体的毒理作用、在生物体内的残留、代谢转化归趋方面存在差别。农产品作为重要的食品来源,与人体健康密切相关,因此区分农产品中手性农药对映体之间的残留,显得尤为重要。该文通过检索近年来发表的有关农产品中手性农药残留分析的文章,从气相色谱法、毛细管电泳法、液相色谱法及合相色谱法等不同色谱技术的应用方面进行归纳、综述、分析和展望,可为后续深入开展农产品中手性农药对映体的相关研究提供借鉴。     

毛细管电泳在手性化合物分离中的应用进展

由于手性化合物尤其是手性药物的两个对映体具有不同的化学性质和生理活性,对手性化合物进行分离在医药、生物、食品和环境等领域都具有十分重要的意义。毛细管电泳由于其独特的优势已广泛应用于手性物质的分离。本文对2013~2015年毛细管电泳用于手性分离的最新进展进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

毛细管区带电泳法拆分手性药物环扁桃酯

近年来,随着不同种类的手性添加剂[1]在毛细管电泳(CZE)中的使用,毛细管电泳越来越显示出其强有力的手性拆分性能。具有特殊笼状结构并含有多个手性中心的环糊精及其衍生物是毛细电泳手性分离研究中最常采用的手性添加添[2-4]。本文合成了环糊精衍生物单3 O 苯基胺甲酰基 β CD[2]并以之作为手性选择剂分离了β CD及手性药物环扁桃酯。1　实验部分932 3 HVPS高压电源(山东省化工研究院),DD 2000型可调波长紫外检测器(中国科学院大连化学物理研究所),XWT型记录仪(上海大华仪表厂),pHS 25型酸度计(上海雷磁仪器厂),石英毛细管45cm…     

Characteristics and enantiomeric analysis of chiral pyrethroids

Pyrethroids are synthetic pesticides that originated from the modification of natural pyrethrins to improve their biological activity and stability. They are a family of chiral pesticides with a large number of stereoisomers. Enantiomers of synthetic pyretroids present different insecticidal activity, toxicity against aquatic invertebrates and persistence in the environment so the development of rapid and sensitive chiral methods for the determination of different enantiomers is necessary. Several techniques have been employed for this purpose including gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography or more recently capillary electrophoresis and sub or supercritical fluid chromatography. A general view on the different chiral separation methods applied to the analysis of pyrethroids and the most important information about these pesticides is provided in this review.     

Chemistry in Court

Chromatographic separation techniques are now widely used to examine the material evidence associated with a crime. Four areas are considered. Analysis of drugs of abuse by GC, GC-MS and GC-FTIR; HPLC; chiral chromatography; capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC); solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The quantitative detection of adulterants and trace pesticides in foods using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). DNA profiling by separation of fragments by gel and capillary electrophoresis and fluorescence detection. Future developments in automation and miniaturisation and the design of microchips and micro-electrode devices allowing complete analysis in 8 μL cells.     

毛细管电泳新型手性分离体系研究进展

在现代分离科学中,手性化合物的分离分析一直是研究的重点和难点。相比于高效液相色谱（HPLC）、气相色谱（GC）等传统色谱分析方法,毛细管电泳（CE）技术凭借其高效率、低消耗、分离模式多样化等诸多优势,已经发展成为手性分离研究领域最有应用前景的分析方法之一。近年来,研究人员在CE手性分析方法的构建过程中,基于毛细管电动色谱（EKC）、配体交换毛细管电泳（LECE）、毛细管电色谱（CEC）等各种基础电泳模式,不断地对传统手性分离体系进行优化和改造,构建出了许多高性能的新型手性CE分离体系。如利用各类功能化离子液体以"手性离子液体协同拆分""手性离子液体配体交换""离子液体手性选择剂"等模式设计出多种基于离子液体的CE手性分离体系;利用纳米材料独特的尺寸效应、多样性、可设计性等特点,直接或与传统手性选择剂有机结合构建CE手性分离体系。此外,金属有机骨架材料修饰、低共熔溶剂修饰、非连续分段式部分填充等各式新颖的CE手性分离体系也都被研究人员成功开发,并表现出较大的发展潜力。该综述将对近年来（尤其是2015~2019年）此类新型CE手性分离体系的发展状况进行梳理,并结合相应的手性识别机理研究和手性CE方法实际应用情况,对该领域存在的问题及发展前景进行分析和展望。     

手性金属有机笼MOC-PA作为毛细管电泳手性固定相

报道了一种手性金属有机笼[Cu₁₂(L_PA)₁₂(H₂O)₁₂]（PA=L-苯丙氨酸, MOC-PA)作为毛细管电泳分离新型固定相的研究. 采用X射线粉末衍射仪、 红外光谱、 热重分析和扫描电子显微镜对该材料进行了表征, 结果表明该手性金属有机笼具有良好的热稳定性和空间结构. 利用该材料制备的毛细管色谱柱具有良好的手性识别能力, 可拆分1,2-二苯基乙二醇、 佐匹克隆、 4-甲基二苯基甲醇和茴香偶姻等手性药物, 也能拆分位置异构体硝基苯酚. 通过对拆分1,2-二苯基乙二醇、 佐匹克隆、 4-甲基二苯基甲醇和茴香偶姻进行最佳条件的探究, 得出电压、 缓冲溶液浓度及pH值在毛细管电泳中对手性样品分离度的影响. 采用佐匹克隆进行毛细管柱的重现性研究表明, 用该材料制备的毛细管电泳色谱柱具有一定的稳定性和重现性. 可见, 金属有机笼是一种良好的毛细管电泳手性固定相, 有一定的手性拆分能力, 在色谱分离中有较好的发展前景.     

Analysis of agrochemicals by capillary electrophoresis

An increasing amount of articles using capillary electrophoresis as an investigation tool for pesticides and environmental pollutants were found over the last few years in analytical chemistry oriented journals. This review covers a wide literature range of the 1990s and concentrates on the analysis of organic agrochemicals (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, etc.) with capillary electrophoresis (capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography with CE-UV-visible or laser-induced fluorescence detection) as well as with the on-coming hyphenated techniques like capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The principal preconcentration methods that allowed real sample analysis with CE are also briefly discussed. The pesticides, the separation methods, the used electrolytes, the detection types, the detection limits and the preconcentration methods were classified and presented in tabulated form as a rapid information tool.     

Current role of capillary electrophoretic/electrokinetic techniques in forensic toxicology

The current application of capillary electrophoresis in forensic toxicology has been critically reviewed with special focus on the areas where this technique has shown real advantages over chromatographic methods. For example, capillary electrophoresis has been most successfully applied to the chiral analysis of some drugs of forensic interest, including amphetamines and their congeners. Another typical application field of capillary electrophoresis is represented by protein analysis. Recently, special interest has been paid to carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), the most important biological marker of chronic alcohol abuse. Other specific applications of capillary electrophoresis of potential forensic toxicological concern are also discussed. The review includes 62 references.     

Green aspects during synthesis,application and chromatographic analysis of chiral pesticides

The agro-industry uses large quantities of chiral pesticides to mitigate the detrimental effects of pests on crops. Pesticides play a very important role of insuring food security in the world but this benefit may be eroded if principles of green chemistry are not embraced during their synthesis, application and analysis. Commercial chiral pesticide formulations are, usually, synthesised and sold as racemates. The enantiomers of the chiral pesticides in these racemic mixtures usually have enantioselective bioactivities on target organisms. One enantiomer, usually, will be active on the target organism while others are inactive and are discharged into the environment, posing serious pollution problems. This is a serious environmental problem and can be rectified through embracing general principles of green chemistry. This paper reviews the aspects that can enhance greenness during synthesis and the subsequent application of chiral pesticides during pest management in the agro-industry. Particular emphasis is placed on stereo-selective synthesis of chiral pesticides and the application of their enantiopure formulations. The green aspects during chromatographic separation of enantiomers of chiral pesticides are also discussed. These include the use of green mobile and chiral stationary phases during chromatographic analysis of chiral pesticides.     

CEC for Studying the Retention and Separation of Pesticides on a Humic Acid Stationary Phase

A humic acid stationary phase is evaluated for studying by capillary electrochromatography (CEC) the binding of four pesticides with humic acid (HA), the main organic component in soil. It was demonstrated that the humic acid capillary was stable in terms of efficiency and retention during a long period of time. It appeared that HA has a lower affinity for neutral than for charged pesticides. The influence of the mobile phase constitution on the pesticide retention was also investigated in order to provide valuable information about the binding mechanism. The results suggest that the interactions of the pesticides during CEC are solely based on chromatographic mechanisms and that electrophoresis only plays a minor role. As well, it was shown that the HA stationary phase was able to separate these pesticides by CEC with a low analysis time. This HA capillary column could soon become attractive to determining the risk assessment of pesticides.