新型多巴胺D3受体抑制剂的发现

根据最新解析的多巴胺D3受体的晶体结构进行活性位点分析, 建立了基于受体的药效团模型, 并对Asinex Gold Collection 数据库进行筛选, 选择7个化合物进行生物活性测试, 得到了高活性新型多巴胺受体抑制剂(04932482), 它对多巴胺D3受体抑制率达85.45%, 其Ki值为(806.75±34.58) nmol/L. 进一步对活性化合物进行结构分析, 研究了其与受体相互作用的模式, 并以此为指导提出以04932482为先导化合物进行结构改造的方向.     

ApIV 3C蛋白酶抑制剂的虚拟筛选及活性测定

运用Discovery Studio 4.5软件,通过同源建模及分子动力学优化获得柞蚕小吐白水软化病毒(Ap IV)3C蛋白酶的3D结构;通过分子对接对天然产物库进行虚拟筛选,得到1个Ap IV 3C蛋白酶的有效抑制剂3',4',5,7-四羟基异黄酮(Orobol).分子对接和分子动力学(MD)模拟结果进一步证明Orobol能稳定结合于Ap IV 3C蛋白酶的结合口袋处.体内外的Ap IV病毒抑制实验结果表明,Orobol具有良好的抗病毒活性.     

细管电泳-激光诱导荧光检测用于多个胞内蛋白激酶的抑制剂筛选和选择性评价

发展了一种基于毛细管电泳(CE)-激光诱导荧光(LIF)检测的多个细胞内源激酶的抑制剂平行筛选及选择性评价方法。CE高效的分离能力和LIF检测器的高选择性,使得同时测试多个胞内激酶的活性成为可能。共4种细胞系、3种特异性蛋白激酶底物肽、2种选择性蛋白激酶抑制剂和1种非选择性蛋白激酶抑制剂用于方法的建立。特异性底物肽与细胞裂解液混合后孵育,被其相应的激酶选择性地磷酸化,利用CE-LIF分离检测磷酸化产物和底物肽。同时测定一个抑制剂对几种蛋白激酶的抑制活性,用于评价抑制剂的选择性。与传统的单靶标筛选模式相比,这种基于细胞裂解液的多靶标筛选方法能提供更多的信息,更加高效,且细胞裂解液作为一种廉价的激酶来源大大降低了筛选成本。     

采用毛细管电泳方法以凝血酶为靶筛选天然药物提取化合物

采用毛细管电泳(CE)法研究了凝血酶和水蛭素及肝素间的相互作用, 并测定了凝血酶和水蛭素的结合常数. 选择凝血酶为靶点, 建立了快速灵敏的从天然植物提取物中筛选出先导化合物的CE方法. 在接近生理环境的水溶液条件下, 研究了两色金鸡菊、肉苁蓉和黄蜀葵中天然植物提取物与凝血酶之间的相互作用; 与阴性对照和阳性对照相比, 从11个天然化合物中快速筛选出与凝血酶有相互作用的6个化合物, 提高了天然植物提取物药理活性筛选的效率.     

氧化石墨烯基质毛细管电色谱胰蛋白酶微反应器的性能研究

基于石墨烯优良的物化性能,利用层层组装法将氧化石墨烯修饰于石英毛细管内壁,制备了氧化石墨烯基质的毛细管电色谱,通过电渗流、拉曼光谱等对其进行表征。在此基础上,基于离子键合法将胰蛋白酶固定于毛细管电色谱柱头,制备胰蛋白酶微反应器。两者结合构成毛细管电色谱胰蛋白酶微反应器。实验结果显示,氧化石墨烯作为基质既可提高样品的分离效率,还能促进胰蛋白酶的催化性能。氧化石墨烯修饰的毛细管电色谱对N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(BAEE)和N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酸(BA)混合物的分离度从裸毛细管的3.70提升至4.71,而其固定化酶活性(米氏常数K_m=1.10 mmol/L,最大反应速率V_(max)=0.32 mmol·L~(-1)·s~(-1))也明显优于裸毛细管(K_m=109.77 mmol/L,V_(max)=0.000 46 mmol·L~(-1)·s~(-1))。利用所制备的微反应器从10种中药材中筛选胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性成分的药材,结果发现三七和大黄中均存在胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性成分。     

寨卡病毒抑制剂的虚拟筛选、设计、合成及生物活性研究

由甲基转移酶和RNA聚合酶组成的多功能蛋白(NS5)是寨卡病毒复制过程中起主要作用的蛋白组分,其甲基转移酶(5M5B)部分是病毒复制和宿主固有免疫应答的中心参与者,因此被作为潜在抗寨卡病毒药物开发的首选靶标蛋白.将5M5B作为受体,利用其已知的结合位点与200多万个化合物小分子进行虚拟筛选,得到抗寨卡病毒的先导化合物2a,并对该先导化合物进行结构优化、改造、活性预测、化学合成、药理活性研究.使用~1H NMR和~(13)C NMR对所有合成的化合物进行了表征,并进行了体外活性测试.结果表明化合物3a[IC_(50)=(7.69±0.36)μmol·L~(-1)]的体外活性优于广谱抗病毒药利巴韦林活性[IC_(50)=(8.15±0.42)μmol·L~(-1)],本研究的方法与结果对寨卡病毒抑制剂的结构设计研究具有重要的指导作用.     

N-苯基吡唑脲类FAKⅡ型抑制剂的结构优化与构效关系研究

以Ⅱ型黏着斑激酶(FAK)抑制剂化合物2为先导化合物,结合FAK变构疏水腔的结构特征,对其尾部结构N-苯基吡唑进行了结构改造和优化,共获得9个目标化合物,其中4个化合物保持了与先导化合物同水平的酶抑制活性,N~1-(4-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)苯基)-N~3-(1-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)-3-叔丁基-1H-吡唑-5-基)脲(9e)表现出优于先导化合物2倍的FAK抑制活性,IC_(50)值为41 nmol/L.表明N-苯基吡唑结构中苯环对位有更多结构优化空间,可通过与周边残基形成氢键从而提高化合物活性.     

酸性神经鞘磷脂酶直接抑制剂的设计、合成及生物活性

构建了基于配体的酸性神经鞘磷脂酶抑制剂药效团模型.根据此模型,以α-倒捻子素(α-Mangostin)为先导化合物进行结构优化,完成了11个新型酸性神经鞘磷脂酶直接抑制剂的设计与合成,其结构经过核磁共振波谱和质谱鉴定正确.初步体外酶抑制活性筛选结果显示,化合物Ⅰb,Ⅰd,Ⅰe和Ⅰf具有较好的酶抑制活性,其中化合物Ⅰf的酶抑制率为88.9%.     

亲和毛细管电泳技术及其应用

对近几年新发展起来的亲和毛细管电泳技术（ACE）的原理、分类及方法作了简要介绍,着重介绍了亲和毛细管区带电泳、毛细管亲和凝胶电泳、胶束电动色谱中的亲和电泳、亲和毛细管等电聚焦、亲和探针毛细管电泳等过程和方法。对ACE在分子生物学、生物化学中的应用及该技术在亲和常数测定、核酸片段识别、竞争免疫分析、药物先导化合物的筛选等方面的应用也作了介绍。     

齐墩果酸γ-内酯衍生物的合成及活性评价

对齐墩果酸(OA)的C环进行结构修饰, 合成了含有γ-内酯结构的OA衍生物, 并针对12个常见疾病的蛋白质靶点或细胞进行了体外生物活性筛选. 其中部分化合物结构中引入了水溶性基团, 如形成糖苷或引入酸性基团, 提高了生物利用度. 活性筛选结果表明, 内酯化合物13对组织蛋白酶K显示出很好的抑制活性(IC₅₀=3.58 μg/mL), 可作为抗骨质疏松药物的先导化合物. 初步构效关系分析表明, 该化合物的γ-内酯结构和糖链片段为活性基团.     

Screening prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 inhibitory activity of traditional Chinese medicine by CZE-UV

Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) is a key enzyme regulating the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). Its inhibitors can improve the expression of HIF and downstream genes, which can treat hypoxia-related diseases. Therefore, the establishment of a reliable PHD2 inhibitors screening method is of great significance for the drug development of hypoxia-related diseases. In this work, an accurate, rapid, and simple screening method for PHD2 inhibitors was introduced by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). In order to improve the detection sensitivity, the derivative reaction of α-ketoglutaric acid (α-OG) and 1,2-diaminobenzene (OPD) was used to enhance the UV absorption of α-OG (the substrate in the enzymatic reaction). The CZE method selected 20 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer (pH 9.0) as the separation buffer, +25 kV as the separation voltage, 25°C as the cartridge temperature, and 210 nm as the detection wavelength. Under this condition, the analysis of a single sample can be realized within 9 min. Compared with the existing reported methods, the present work can directly screen the PHD2 inhibitory activity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extracts, which is of significance for the target-purification of bioactive individual compounds from TCMs. Under the optimal conditions, the PHD2 inhibitor screening platform was successfully established, and it was found that 70% methanol/water extracts of Astragali Radix and Codonopsis pilosula had good PHD2 inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the present work provides a novel approach for screening the PHD2 inhibitory activity of TCM extracts and the discovery of anti-hypoxia bioactive compounds.     

On-line coupling of capillary isotachophoresis and zone electrophoresis for the assay of phenolic compounds in plant extracts

The combination of capillary isotachophoresis (ITP) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in the column coupling configuration was optimized in a mode where the electrolyte for the CZE step is different from the leading and terminating ITP electrolytes. Two colored markers, picric acid and 1-nitroso-2-naphthol, were used for exact timing of the transfer of isotachophoretically stacked analyte zones into the CZE column and for the control of the residual amount of the leading and terminating ITP electrolytes entering the CZE capillary together with the analytes, thus controlling the duration of transient ITP migration in the CZE capillary and ensuring good separation of the analytes and reproducibility of the migration times (relative standard deviations 1%). ITP-CZE was applied to the simultaneous assay of several cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids in methanolic extracts of Sambucus flowers and Crataegus leaves and flowers. The preconcentrating and cleansing effect of the ITP step allowed injection of relatively large sample volumes (30 microL). The limits of detection were approximately 20-50 ng x mL(-1) and 100 ng x mL(-1) for the acids and flavonoids, respectively ( thick similar 200-times lower compared to conventional CE) with spectrophotometric detection at 254 nm. The ITP-CZE exhibited satisfactory linearity and precision when using CZE buffer of pseudo "pH" 9.0; 1-nitroso-2-naphthol was employed as the internal standard. The separation took approximately 35 min. The ITP-CZE results for rutin, hyperoside, and vitexin-2-O"-rhamnoside were in good accordance with those obtained previously by high-performance liquid chromatography.     

Coupling porous sheathless interface MS with transient‐ITP in neutral capillaries for improved sensitivity in glycopeptide analysis

IgG antibodies are modulated in their function by the specific structure of the N‐glycans attached to their Fc (fragment crystallizable) portions. However, the glycosylation analysis of antigen‐specific IgGs is a challenging task as antibody levels to a given antigen only represent a fraction of the total IgG levels. Here, we investigated the use of a transient‐ITP (t‐ITP)—MS method for highly sensitive IgG1 glycosylation profiling as a complementary method to a high‐throughput nano‐RPLC‐MS method. It was found that t‐ITP‐CZE using neutrally coated separation capillaries with a large volume injection (37% of capillary volume) and interfaced to MS with a sheathless porous sprayer yielded a 40‐fold increase in sensitivity for IgG1 Fc glycopeptide analysis when compared to the conventional strategy. Furthermore, the glycoform profiles found with the t‐ITP‐CZE strategy were comparable to those from nano‐RPLC‐MS. In conclusion, the use of the highly sensitive t‐ITP‐CZE‐MS method will provide information on IgG Fc glycosylation for those samples with IgG1 concentrations below the LODs of the conventional method.     

Combination of large volume sample stacking and dynamic pH junction for on-line preconcentration of weak electrolytes by capillary electrophoresis in comparison with isotachophoretic techniques

An on-line preconcentration capillary electrophoresis (CE) technique, which combines a large volume sample stacking with a dynamic pH junction technique, is introduced in this paper. This dynamic pH junction with co-electroosmotic migration is formed between sodium borate pH 9.5 and sodium phosphate pH 2.5 with 150 mM sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). A full capillary based injection allows determination of weak acidic compounds at ppb concentration levels (achieved LOD for benzoic acid was 11 nmol L(-1)). The proposed preconcentration method was compared with ITP/ITP (LOD 120 nmol L(-1)), ITP/CZE (LOD 740 nmol L(-1)) and a simple CZE method (LOD 23,330 nmol L(-1)). The analytical potential of this method was assessed with juice test samples.     

Enantioselective column coupled electrophoresis employing large bore capillaries hyphenated with tandem mass spectrometry for ultra‐trace determination of chiral compounds in complex real samples

A new multidimensional analytical approach for the ultra‐trace determination of target chiral compounds in unpretreated complex real samples was developed in this work. The proposed analytical system provided high orthogonality due to on‐line combination of three different methods (separation mechanisms), i.e. (1) isotachophoresis (ITP), (2) chiral capillary zone electrophoresis (chiral CZE), and (3) triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ MS). The ITP step, performed in a large bore capillary (800 μm), was utilized for the effective sample pretreatment (preconcentration and matrix clean‐up) in a large injection volume (1–10 μL) enabling to obtain as low as ca. 80 pg/mL limits of detection for the target enantiomers in urine matrices. In the chiral CZE step, the different chiral selectors (neutral, ionizable, and permanently charged cyclodextrins) and buffer systems were tested in terms of enantioselectivity and influence on the MS detection response. The performance parameters of the optimized ITP – chiral CZE‐QqQ MS method were evaluated according to the FDA guidance for bioanalytical method validation. Successful validation and application (enantioselective monitoring of renally eliminated pheniramine and its metabolite in human urine) highlighted great potential of this chiral approach in advanced enantioselective biomedical applications.     

Design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of potential West Nile virus protease inhibitors based on the 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline scaffolds

The 1-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 1-Oxo-1, 2-dihydroisoquinoline scaffolds were utilized in the design and solution phase synthesis of focused libraries of compounds for screening against West Nile Virus (WNV) protease. Exploratory studies have led to the identification of a WNV protease inhibitor (a 1-oxo-1, 2-dihydroisoquinoline-based derivative, 12j) which could potentially serve as a launching pad for a hit-to-lead optimization campaign. The identified hit was devoid of any inhibitory activity toward a panel of mammalian serine proteases.     

Window optimization in isotachophoresis superimposed on capillary zone electrophoresis

A sample stacking procedure to which a specific combination of electrolyte solutions is applied is isotachophoresis (ITP) superimposed on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), a so-called ITP/CZE system. In ITP/CZE some components migrate in an ITP fashion on top of a background electrolyte, and the other analytes migrate in a zone electrophoretic manner. For such a system, the leading electrolyte consists of a mixture of an ionic species, L1, of high mobility (the leading ion of the ITP system), an ionic species, L2, of low mobility (the coions of the CZE system), and a buffering counter-ionic species, whereas the terminating solution only contains the ionic species L2 and the buffering counterions. The zones of the components migrating in the ITP/CZE mode are sharp owing to the self-correcting properties of the zones and the concentrations of the L1 ions of the system. Mobility windows can be calculated, indicating which ions can migrate in the ITP/CZE mode. In this article mobility windows are calculated by applying both strong and weak acids as L1 and L2 ions and it appears that mobility windows can be optimized by chosing different ratios of L1 and L2 as well as different pH values. It is possible to construct very narrow mobility windows, and thereby choose which component of a sample solution can be concentrated, and to what concentration, in a very selective way. The big advantage of ITP/CZE compared with applications such as transient ITP and transient stacking is that the stacked sample ionic species migrate in the ITP mode during the whole experiment; furthermore, they do not destack. Experimentally obtained electropherograms validate the calculated mobility windows for the ITP/CZE mode.     

Determination of Phenolic Acids in Herba Epilobi by ITP–CE in the Column-Coupling Configuration

The combination of capillary isotachophoresis (ITP) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in the column-coupling configuration has been optimized in a mode in which the background electrolyte employed in the CZE step was different from the leading and terminating electrolytes of the ITP step. The optimum composition of the electrolyte system was 0.01 M HCl, 0.02 M IMI, 0.2% HEC, pH 7.2 (leading electrolyte), 0.01 M HEPES, pH 8.2 (terminating electrolyte), and 25 mM MES, 50 mM TRIS, 30 mM boric acid, 0.2% HEC, pH 8.3 (background electrolyte). All solutions contained 20% methanol. The timing of the transfer of isotachophoretically stacked analyte zones into the CZE column was also optimized. An ITP–CZE method with UV detection at 270 nm was developed for separation of nine phenolic acids (protocatechuic, syringic, vanillic, cinnamic, ferulic, caffeic, ρ-coumaric, chlorogenic, and gentisic acids) in a model mixture and used for assay of some of these acids in a methanolic extract of herba epilobi. Application of ITP–CZE resulted in 100-fold better sensitivity than conventional CZE; limits of detection ranged between 10 and 60 ng mL⁻¹. When MES–TRIS–borate-based buffer, pH 8.3, was used in the CZE separation step the linearity of the ITP–CZE response was satisfactory (correlation coefficients were from 0.9937 to 0.9777). Repeatability was also satisfactory (RSD values ranged between 0.77% and 1.28% for migration times and between 1.65% and 13.69% for peak area). Revised: 23 March and 27 April 2006     

Separations of enantiomers by preparative capillary isotachophoresis.

The use of capillary isotachophoresis (ITP), operating in a discontinuous fractionation mode, for preparative separations of enantiomers of chiral compounds was studied. The ITP separations were carried out in the column-coupling configuration of the separation unit provided with the preseparation column of a 1.0 mm ID and the trapping column of a 0.8 mm ID. Such a configuration of the CE separation unit offers several working regimes suitable to preparative separations of enantiomers. 2,4-Dinitrophenyl-DL-norleucine (DNP-Norleu) was employed as a model analyte in our experiments with beta-cyclodextrin serving in the electrolyte solutions as a chiral selector. The preparative separations lasting about 20 min were evaluated by ITP and (more often) by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). It was found that one preparative run provided up to 14 microg of pure DNP-Norleu enantiomers. This corresponded to a 75 times higher production rate of ITP relative to a maximum value of this parameter as estimated for preparative CZE runs in cylindrical capillaries (0.5 pmol/s). About 75% of the DNP-Norleu enantiomers loaded into the preparative equipment could be recovered in pure enantiomer fractions. Contiguous natures of the zones in the ITP stack and adsorption losses of the enantiomers in the isolation step were found to set practical limits for a further enhancement of the recovery rates in the isolation of pure enantiomers.     

Identification of novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitors by screening libraries based on N- [4-(benzyloxy) benzoyl] alanine derivatives

A library of 72 compounds related to N- [4-(benzyloxy) benzoyl]alanine (I) was synthesized, prepared and screened for alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Four compounds showed potent inhibition, six compounds moderate inhibition, and 16 were weak inhibitors. One compound, N- [4-(benzyloxy) benzoyl] serine, was found to be a potent inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase with 100% inhibition at 1 micro M. This inhibitor was at least five times more potent than the lead compound I.