用二元交互作用函数预测高压下多组分体系的气液平衡

用和体系的状态有关且满足不变性条件的二元交互作用函数,结合F函数修改的立方状态--方程FRKS方程,预测高压下多组分体系的气液平衡.选择15个三元体系及其组分二元系来检验方法的可行性,这些体系覆盖了从简单的接近理想溶液行为的体系到高度非理想体系.计算结果表明,该方法不仅能相当精确地关联各种类型二元系的气液平衡,而且能在仅用组分二元系参数的条件下较准确地预测所考察的所有三元体系的气液平衡     

预测三元系超额焓的一种新方法

提出一种预测三元系超额焓的新方法。该方法利用改进的立方状态方程－－ＦＲＫＳ方程，并以二元互作用参数函数代替单一数值的二地互作用参数，为计算体系提供随状态变化的二元互作用参数数值。对十二个非理想三元系及其组分二元素的计算结果表明，该方法明显提高了二元系超额焓的拟合精度，从而在不引入任何三元参数的条件下较好地改进了三元系超额焓的预测。     

理想共聚体系共聚物组成方程的推导

理想共聚体系共聚物组成方程的推导彭宇行（中国科学院成都有机化学研究所，６１００４１）理想共聚是连锁聚合反应（自由基聚合、阳离子聚合和阴离子聚合）中的一类特殊共聚体系。在理想共聚中由不同单体生成的链增长活性中心对各共聚单体具有相同的反应活性，使得共聚物...     

用解析函数拟合NH3复合分子中质子转移势能的理论研究

采用量子化学abinitio(4-31G基组)方法,计算了NH3复合分子(H3N…H^+…NH3)中的质子转移势能,氢键长度和取向的变化都没有影响它的双势阱特征,长度越长、分子主轴偏离氢键键轴越大,双势阱间能垒越高。采用最小二乘法拟合上述abinitio计算结构,找到了理想的解析函数,从而扩大其适用范围。针对体系的对称性和非对称性,我们改进了Φ4函数和Morse函数,从而使拟合结果得到了明显提高,拟合相关系数最高达0.999。     

环己烷-乙醇体系活度系数的测定

作者通过测定环己烷 乙醇体系气液平衡实验数据,用热力学公式计算出活度系数作为实验值。然后采用超额吉布斯函数与活度系数之间的关联式,即Willson方程作数学模型,用最小二乘法对实验数据进行回归,求出关联式中的常数,从而获取整个浓度范围内的活度系数,得到的活度系数用Gibbs Duhem公式进行热力学一致性校正,说明所用模型正确,数据可靠。同时计算出超额吉布斯函数,从而可以用能量来表示实际溶液与理想溶液之间存在的偏差。     

聚合物体系散射函数的热力学基础

利用链段浓度和链头浓度的概念，根据热力学涨落理论，给出了聚合物二元共混体系ｄｅＧｅｎｎｅｓ散射函数的一个普遍的热力学证明，指出了这个函数和Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ共混自由能公式一样，也依赖于忽略构象涨落的假设．     

OUH体系的结构和分析势能函数

采用密度泛涵B3LYP方法优化出了OUH分子的各种结构，确定了最稳定构型和离解能，以及它们的谐性力常数，并导出双原子分子UH,UO的Murrell-Sorbie势能函数及其光谱数据。采用多体项展式方法，导出OUH(X^4A')基态分子的分析势能函数，获得OUH(X^4A')体系的势能面，考察了这个势能函数的基本性质，正确地复现出OUH分子的平衡结构特征，结果表明：U+OH,O+UH,H+UO的反应均为无阈能的放热能反应。为进一步探讨OUH体系的反应动力学过程打下了基础。     

一种选择从头算基函数的有效方法

通过分析从头计算中不同基函数的作用, 提出一种经济有效的基函数选取方案. 依照该方案, 基函数的选取应考虑体系中不同原子的性质及实际的化学环境. 描述一般体系时可根据该原子在元素周期表中的位置从左向右依次增加基函数用量. 对荷负电原子, 则使用更多的基函数以及适当的极化函数或弥散函数. 对荷正电原子, 基函数的用量可适当减少. 对正常价态的饱和共价键合原子不需加极化或弥散函数, 对氢键、弱相互作用体系、官能团及零价或低价金属原子等敏感体系则需加极化或弥散函数. 据此, 可在适中基函数和能承受的计算量下得到具有相当可靠性的计算结果. 对一系列体系计算分析充分证明, 该方案是非常实用和有效的. 此方案可适用于Hartree-Fock, Mfller-Plesset和密度泛函等计算中, 并对化学、材料科学和生命科学研 究广泛的大体系计算具有重要的实际应用.     

Af型自由基均聚反应的固化理论（1）

利用高分子统计方法，通过引入引发几率及链增长几率，得到了Ａｆ型非线性自由基均聚反应的溶胶及凝胶化条件，进一步利用Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ展开定理，得到了体系的数量分布函数，并证明了分布函数的不变性，从而简化了凝胶点后各种平均高分子物理量的表征。     

定标粒子理论预测乙醇－水体系汽液平衡盐效应

测定了７０℃下３个１－１型电解质（ＮａＣｌ、ＮａＢｒ、ＫＣｌ）在各种不同浓度的乙醇－水体系中的汽液平衡盐效应参数，并给出用定标粒子理论计算盐效应参数的方法。硬球作用项采用Ｍａｓｔｅｒｔｏｎ－Ｌｅｅ方程，软球作用项采用胡英的径向分布函数。分子间力在Ｌｅｎｎａｒｄ－Ｊｏｎｅｓ位能函数基础上计入偶极－偶极、偶极－诱导偶极、电荷－偶极、电荷－诱导偶极的贡献，其中离子－分子间的静电作用项仅限于规则排列的第一配位圈之内。将混合溶剂的局部介电常数视为液相浓度的函数，函数关系由实验拟合。在乙醇浓度变化的很大范围内，３个体系的预测与实验结果基本相符。     

Effect of molecular structure on the phase behaviour of some liquid crystalline compounds and their binary mixtures V. Mixtures of bimolecular smectics and linear mesogens

Two binary mixtures, prepared from either 4-cyanophenyl 4-hexadecyloxybenzoate (Ib) or 4-nitrophenyl 4-hexadecyloxybenzoate (Ic), with 4-carboxyphenyl 4-hexadecyloxybenzoate (Ia), were thermally characterized to construct the phase diagrams for the two systems Ia/Ib and Ia/Ic. Due to differences in the smectic layering between the individual components of each system, phase separation took place either in the solid or in the mesophase. A mathematical relation was derived to calculate the composition of each phase in the solid state. Another two phase diagrams were constructed for binary mixtures of the linear dimer molecule, 4-hexadecyloxybenzoic acid (III) with either the acid Ia or its isomeric derivative, 4-hexadecyloxyphenyl 4-carboxybenzoate (II).     

Effect of molecular structure on the phase behaviour of some liquid crystalline compounds and their binary mixtures V. Mixtures of bimolecular smectics and linear mesogens

Two binary mixtures, prepared from either 4-cyanophenyl 4-hexadecyloxybenzoate (Ib) or 4-nitrophenyl 4-hexadecyloxybenzoate (Ic), with 4-carboxyphenyl 4-hexadecyloxybenzoate (Ia), were thermally characterized to construct the phase diagrams for the two systems Ia/Ib and Ia/Ic. Due to differences in the smectic layering between the individual components of each system, phase separation took place either in the solid or in the mesophase. A mathematical relation was derived to calculate the composition of each phase in the solid state. Another two phase diagrams were constructed for binary mixtures of the linear dimer molecule, 4-hexadecyloxybenzoic acid (III) with either the acid Ia or its isomeric derivative, 4-hexadecyloxyphenyl 4-carboxybenzoate (II).     

Phase-Separation Phenomena of Copolymer Solutions and Fractionation of Copolymers by Chemical Composition

Precipitation temperature-total polymer concentration diagrams for toluene solutions of two styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers different in chemical composition and their mixtures were determined and then triangular phase diagrams of this system were constructed from these diagrams. It is speculated from the triangular phase diagrams and experimentally shown that the copolymer may be effectively fractionated by chemical composition in this system.     

PHASE BEHAVIOR AND INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES OF SYSTEMS OF NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS AND SALICYLATE COMPONENTS

The present study reports the phase diagrams of two salicylate components in the presence of non-ionic surfactants, water and mineral oil. The phase diagrams show that 1% Methyl Salicylate enhances the fine emulsion formation, unlike 3% MS and 1% and 3%Sodium Salicylate which reduce the total emulsion phase region. The data obtained through interfacial tension measurements are used to confirm these phase behaviors.     

Thermal Analysis of Solid-Solid Interactions in Binary Mixtures of Alkylcyclohexanes Using DSC

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to construct phase diagrams of binary mixtures of alkylcyclohexanes and to characterize metastable phases formed in the binary mixtures. The experimentally measured liquidus curves were compared to the liquidus curves calculated using ideal solution theory. The measured phase diagrams of pentadecylcyclohexane/nonadecylcyclohexane and octadecylcyclohexane/nonadecylcyclohexane binary mixtures are consistent with theoretical phase diagrams constructed based on the assumption that these mixtures form eutectic systems. It was also observed that a metastable phase formed in some binary mixtures of pentadecylcyclohexane/nonadecylcyclohexane under fast cooling conditions. It is hypothesized that this metastable phase recrystallizes into the eutectic phase upon heating. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Low-pressure solubility of propane and n-butane in refined soybean oil

This work reports gas-solubility data of pure propane and n-butane in refined soybean oil in the temperature range from (283 to 333) K, and pressures up to 0.4 MPa. For this purpose, a simple laboratory apparatus containing a glass equilibrium cell was used and the methodology consisted basically of injecting and storing the gas in the system at a pre-established pressure and then allowing gas dissolution. The liquid phase compositions were calculated through an iterative procedure considering the pure fugacity in the gas of the lighter component. From the experimental (gas + liquid) equilibrium results, P–x diagrams were constructed and exhibited for both light components an almost linear relationship, with observed negative deviations from ideal behaviour at all temperatures investigated.     

Smectic, nematic, and isotropic phases in binary mixtures of thin and thick hard spherocylinders

A second-virial Onsager theory, based on Parsons-Lee rescaling and suitably extended to deal with multicomponent systems and smectic phases, has been used to calculate the phase diagram of a collection of binary mixtures of thin and thick hard spherocylinders. In particular, two types of phase diagrams are investigated. First, a number of binary mixtures where the two components have the same total length have been considered; in addition, the phase diagram of a binary mixture where the two components have the same volume has been calculated. For the particles of one of the two components, the length of the cylindrical part and the diameter have always been set equal to 5 and 1, respectively. Spherocylinders of the same total length and different diameter tend to demix considerably as soon as the diameter ratio deviates from unity. This happens especially at high pressures, when at least the phase richer in the thicker component is smectic. In the case where the two components have equal volumes, demixing is further increased due to the disparity not only in particle diameter but also in particle lengths. The incorporation of inhomogeneous layered phases is seen to alter significantly the phase diagrams calculated if only homogeneous phases are allowed, since transitions to a smectic phase often preempt those to a nematic or an isotropic phase. The apparent versatility of the recent experimental techniques suggests that the phase diagram features predicted by the theory might be also observed in real systems.     

相图中紧邻相区及其边界的对应关系(Ⅱ)

根据相律导出紧邻相区内不同相的总相数Φ及其相边界的维数R₁的对应关系定理和它的六条推论。应用这个定理及其推论,可导出相图原理中的边界法则和相区接触法则,可阐明由简单相图单元构成复杂三元相图所必须遵循的十条经验规则,亦可说明一、二、三、四元相图中紧邻相区及其边界的相互关系,以及其他应用。     

Effect of polydispersity on the phase diagrams of linear ABC triblock copolymers in two dimensions

By using a two-dimensional (2D) real-space self-consistent field theory, we present the phase diagrams of monodisperse ABC triblock copolymers in a three-component triangle style with the interaction energies given between the distinct blocks; this system displays richer phase behavior when compared with the corresponding diblock copolymers. Polydispersity of the end or middle blocks in the ABC linear block copolymer chains results in a completely different phase diagram. The presence of a polydisperse end block may cause strong segregation to occur among the three distinct components and larger domain sizes of the dispersed phases; a polydisperse middle block may allow a connection to form between the two phases of the two end blocks.     

Regular solution model as applied to the interaction of halides in melt

Binary solid-liquid phase diagrams of halides with a common anion and a known mixing energy of the components in melt are analyzed by the regular solution model. The solid-liquid phase diagrams of eutectic systems with a negative mixing energy of molten components (i.e., systems with complex formation in melt) are satisfactorily fitted by this model.