Carotinoide mit 7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl-Endgruppen. Teil I. Versuch einer Synthese von Cycloviolaxanthin (= (3S,5R,6R,3′S,5′R,6′R)-3,6:3′,6′-Diepoxy-5,6,5′,6′-tetrahydro-β,β-carotin-5,5′-diol)

Carotenoids with 7-Oxabicyclo[2,2.1]heptyl End Groups. Attempted Synthesis of Cycloviolaxanthin ( = (3S,5R,6S,3′S,5′R,6′R)-3,6:3′,6′- Diepoxy-5,6,5′,6′-tetrahydro-β,β-carotin-5,5′-diol) Starting from our recently described synthon (+)- 24 , the enantiomerically pure 3,6:4,5:3′,6′:4′,5′-tetraepoxy-4,5,4′,5′-tetrahydro-ε,ε-carotene ( 34 ) and its 15,15′-didehydro analogue 32 were synthesized in eleven and nine steps, respectively (Scheme 4). Chiroptical data show, in contrast to the parent ε,ε-carotene, a very weak interaction between the chiral centers at C(5), C(5′), C(6), C(6′), and the polyene system. Diisobutylaluminium hydride reduction of 32 lead rather than to the expected 15,15′-didehydro analogue 35 of Cycloviolaxanthin ( 8 ), to the polyenyne 36 (Scheme 5). We explain this reaction by an oxirane rearrangement leading to a cyclopropyl ether followed by a fragmentation to an aldehyd on the one side and an enol ether on the other (Scheme 6). This complex rearrangement includes a shift of the whole polyenyne chain from C(6), C(6′) to C(5), C(5′) of the original molecule.     

Different nucleobase orientations in two cyclic 2′,3′‐phosphates of purine ribonucleosides: Et3NH(2′,3′‐cAMP) and Et3NH(2′,3′‐cGMP)·H2O

The crystal structures of triethyl­ammonium adenosine cyclic 2′,3′‐phosphate {systematic name: triethyl­ammonium 4‐(6‐amino­purin‐9‐yl)‐6‐hydroxy­methyl‐2‐oxido‐2‐oxoperhydro­furano[3,4‐c][1,3,2]dioxaphosphole}, Et₃NH(2′,3′‐cAMP) or C₆H₁₆N⁺·C₁₀H₁₁N₅O₆P⁻, (I), and guanosine cyclic 2′,3′‐phosphate monohydrate {systematic name: triethyl­ammonium 6‐hydroxy­methyl‐2‐oxido‐2‐oxo‐4‐(6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydro­purin‐9‐yl)perhydro­furano[3,4‐c][1,3,2]dioxaphosphole monohydrate}, [Et₃NH(2′,3′‐cGMP)]·H₂O or C₆H₁₆N⁺·C₁₀H₁₁N₅O₇P⁻·H₂O, (II), reveal different nucleobase orientations, viz. anti in (I) and syn in (II). These are stabilized by different inter‐ and intra­molecular hydrogen bonds. The structures also exhibit different ribose ring puckering [₄E in (I) and ³T₂ in (II)] and slightly different 1,3,2‐dioxaphospho­lane ring conformations, viz. envelope in (I) and puckered in (II). Infinite ribbons of 2′,3′‐cAMP⁻ and helical chains of 2′,3′‐cGMP⁻ ions, both formed by O—H⋯O, N—H⋯X and C—H⋯X (X = O or N) hydrogen‐bond contacts, characterize (I) and (II), respectively.     

Three different fluoro‐ or chloro‐substituted 1′‐deoxy‐1′‐phenyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranoses

Crystal structures are reported for three fluoro‐ or chloro‐substituted 1′‐deoxy‐1′‐phenyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranoses, namely 1′‐deoxy‐1′‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)‐β‐D‐ribofuranose, C₁₁H₁₁F₃O₄, (I), 1′‐deoxy‐1′‐(2,4,6‐trifluorophenyl)‐β‐D‐ribofuranose, C₁₁H₁₁F₃O₄, (II), and 1′‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1′‐deoxy‐β‐D‐ribofuranose, C₁₁H₁₃ClO₄, (III). The five‐membered furanose ring of the three compounds has a conformation between a C2′‐endo,C3′‐exo twist and a C2′‐endo envelope. The ribofuranose groups of (I) and (III) are connected by intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds to six symmetry‐related molecules to form double layers, while the ribofuranose group of (II) is connected by O—H...O hydrogen bonds to four symmetry‐related molecules to form single layers. The O...O contact distance of the O—H...O hydrogen bonds ranges from 2.7172 (15) to 2.8895 (19) Å. Neighbouring double layers of (I) are connected by a very weak intermolecular C—F...π contact. The layers of (II) are connected by one C—H...O and two C—H...F contacts, while the double layers of (III) are connected by a C—H...Cl contact. The conformations of the molecules are compared with those of seven related molecules. The orientation of the benzene ring is coplanar with the H—C1′ bond or bisecting the H—C1′—C2′ angle, or intermediate between these positions. The orientation of the benzene ring is independent of the substitution pattern of the ring and depends mainly on crystal‐packing effects.     

2,3,3′,6‐Tetra‐O‐acetyl‐4,1′,6′‐trichloro‐4,1′,4′,6′‐tetradeoxygalactosucrose

At 160 K, one of the Cl atoms in the furanoid moiety of 3‐O‐acetyl‐1,6‐di­chloro‐1,4,6‐tri­deoxy‐β‐d ‐fructo­furan­osyl 2,3,6‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐4‐chloro‐4‐deoxy‐α‐d ‐galacto­pyran­oside, C₂₀H₂₇­Cl₃O₁₁, is disordered over two orientations, which differ by a rotation of about 107° about the parent C—C bond. The conformation of the core of the mol­ecule is very similar to that of 3‐O‐acetyl‐1,4,6‐tri­chloro‐1,4,6‐tri­deoxy‐β‐d ‐tagato­furanos­yl 2,3,6‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐4‐chloro‐4‐deoxy‐α‐d ‐galacto­pyran­oside, particularly with regard to the conformation about the glycosidic linkage.     

2,2′‐Anhydro‐1‐(3′,5′‐di‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl)uracil,a cyclouridine nucleoside with a C4′‐endo furanosyl conformation

2,2′‐Anhydro‐1‐(3′,5′‐di‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl)uracil, C₁₃H₁₄N₂O₇, was obtained by refluxing 2′,3′‐O‐(methoxymethylene)uridine in acetic anhydride. The structure exhibits a nearly perfect C4′‐endo (⁴E) conformation. The best four‐atom plane of the five‐membered furanose ring is O—C—C—C, involving the C atoms of the fused five‐membered oxazolidine ring, and the torsion angle is only −0.4 (2)°. The oxazolidine ring is essentially coplanar with the six‐membered uracil ring [r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 (5) Å and dihedral angle = −3.2 (3)°]. The conformation at the exocyclic C—C bond is gauche–trans which is stabilized by various C—H...π and C—O...π interactions.     

A chloro(2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde)(2,2′:6′,2′′‐ter­pyridine)­ruthenium(II) complex

The aldehyde moiety in the title complex, chloro(2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde‐N,O)(2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine‐κ³N)ruthenium(II)–chloro­(2‐pyridine­carboxyl­ic acid‐N,O)(2,2′:6′,2′′‐ter­pyridine‐κ³N)­ruthenium(II)–perchlorate–chloro­form–water (1.8/0.2/2/1/1), [RuCl­(C₆H₅NO)­(C₁₅H₁₁N₃)]_1.8[RuCl­(C₆H₅­NO₂)(C₁₅H₁₁N₃)]_0.2­(ClO₄)₂·­CHCl₃·­H₂O, is a structural model of substrate coordination to a transfer hydrogenation catalyst. The title complex features two independent Ru^II complex cations that display very similar distorted octahedral coordination provided by the three N atoms of the 2,2′:6′,2′′‐ter­pyridine ligand, the N and O atoms of the 2‐pyridine­carbox­aldehyde (pyCHO) ligand and a chloride ligand. One of the cation sites is disordered such that the aldehyde group is replaced by a 20 (1)% contribution from a carboxyl­ic acid group (aldehyde H replaced by carboxyl O—H). Notable dimensions in the non‐disordered complex cation are Ru—N 2.034 (2) Å and Ru—O 2.079 (2) Å to the pyCHO ligand and O—C 1.239 (4) Å for the pyCHO carbonyl group.     

Syntheses and Reactions of 1′,2′-Unsaturated 2′,3′-Seconucleoside Analogues

The 1′,2′-unsaturated 2′,3′-secoadenosine and 2′,3′-secouridine analogues were synthesized by the regioselective elimination of the corresponding 2′,3′-ditosylates, 2 and 18 , respectively, under basic conditions. The observed regioselectivity may be explained by the higher acidity and, hence, preferential elimination of the anomeric H–C(1′) in comparison to H? C(4′). The retained (tol-4-yl)sulfonyloxy group at C(3′) of 3 allowed the preparation of the 3′-azido, 3′-chloro, and 3′-hydroxy derivatives 5–7 by nucleophilic substitution. ZnBr₂ in dry CH₂Cl₂ was found to be successful in the removal (85%) of the trityl group without any cleavage of the acid-sensitive, ketene-derived N,O-ketal function. In the uridine series, base-promoted regioselective elimination (→ 19 ), nucleophilic displacement of the tosyl group by azide (→ 20 ), and debenzylation of the protected N(3)-imide function gave 1′,2′-unsaturated 5′-O-trityl-3′-azido-secouridine derivative 21 . The same compound was also obtained by the elimination performed on 2,2′-anhydro-3′-azido-3′-azido-3′-deoxy-5′-O-2′,3′-secouridine ( 22 ) that reacted with KO(t-Bu) under opening of the oxazole ring and double-bond formation at C(1′).     

Syntheses of 2,3‐dicyano‐5a,8a‐dihydro‐5a‐hydroxycyclopentano[1′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyrazines and 2,3‐dicyanocyclohexano[1′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo‐[2,3‐b]pyrazines

Previously synthesized 2‐(3′‐chloro‐5′,6′‐dicyanopyrazin‐2′‐yl)cyclopentan‐1‐one 1 , obtained from the reaction of 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanopyrazine with 1‐pyrrolidino‐1‐cyclopentene, was further reacted with primary alkylamines to give mixtures of diastereomer of 5‐alkyl‐2,3‐dicyano‐5a,8a‐dihy‐dro‐5a‐hydroxycyclopentano[1′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyrazines 3a‐h in high yield. The reaction of 2‐alkylamino‐3‐chloro‐5,6‐dicyanopyrazine with 1‐pyrrolidino‐1‐cyclohexene gave 5‐alkyl‐2,3‐dicyanocyclopentano[1′,2′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyrazines 5a‐b together with 5‐alkylamino‐2,3‐dicyano‐6‐pyrrolidinopyrazines 6a‐b . The products prepared are all of interest as potential pesticides and new fluorescent chromophores.     

Four N7‐alkoxybenzyl‐substituted 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐spiro‐1′‐cyclohexane‐2′,6′‐diones: hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular structures in zero,one, two or three dimensions

3‐tert‐Butyl‐7‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐4′,4′‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐spiro‐1′‐cyclohexane‐2′,6′‐dione, C₃₁H₃₇N₃O₃, (I), 3‐tert‐butyl‐7‐(2,3‐dimethoxybenzyl)‐4′,4′‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐spiro‐1′‐cyclohexane‐2′,6′‐dione, C₃₂H₃₉N₃O₄, (II), 3‐tert‐butyl‐4′,4′‐dimethyl‐7‐(3,4‐methylenedioxybenzyl)‐1‐phenyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐spiro‐1′‐cyclohexane‐2′,6′‐dione, C₃₁H₃₅N₃O₄, (III), and 3‐tert‐butyl‐4′,4′‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyl‐7‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzyl)‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐spiro‐1′‐cyclohexane‐2′,6′‐dione ethanol 0.67‐solvate, C₃₃H₄₁N₃O₅·0.67C₂H₆O, (IV), all contain reduced pyridine rings having half‐chair conformations. The molecules of (I) and (II) are linked into centrosymmetric dimers and simple chains, respectively, by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, augmented only in (I) by a C—H...π hydrogen bond. The molecules of (III) are linked by a combination of C—H...O and C—H...π hydrogen bonds into a chain of edge‐fused centrosymmetric rings, further linked by weak hydrogen bonds into supramolecular arrays in two or three dimensions. The heterocyclic molecules in (IV) are linked by two independent C—H...O hydrogen bonds into sheets, from which the partial‐occupancy ethanol molecules are pendent. The significance of this study lies in its finding of a very wide range of supramolecular aggregation modes dependent on rather modest changes in the peripheral substituents remote from the main hydrogen‐bond acceptor sites.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of O‐2′,3′‐Cyclic Cyclopentanone and Cyclohexanone Ketals of the Cytostatic 5‐Fluorouridine

The synthesis of two O‐2′,3′‐cyclic ketals, i.e., 5 and 6 , of the cytostatic 5‐fluorouridine ( 2 ), carrying a cyclopentane and/or a cyclohexane ring, respectively, is described. The novel compounds were characterized by ¹H‐, ¹⁹F‐, and ¹³C‐NMR, and UV spectroscopy, as well as by elemental analyses. Their crystal structures were determined by X‐ray analysis. Both compounds 5 and 6 show an anti‐conformation at the N‐glycosidic bond which is biased from +ac to +ap compared to the parent nucleoside 2 . The sugar puckering is changed from ^2′E to _3′E going along with a reduction of the puckering amplitude τ_m by ca. 10–13° due to the ketalization. The conformation about the sugar exocyclic bond C(4′)? C(5′) of 5 and 6 remains unchanged, i.e., g⁺, compared with compound 2 .     

A new method for the synthesis of dinaphtho[1,2‐b;2′,1′‐d]thiophenes and selenophenes

Naphthalene‐1‐sulfonic acid dimethylamides were treated with n‐BuLi and elemental sulfur or selenium to afford dinaphtho[1,2‐b:2′,1′‐d]thiophenes and selenophenes, respectively. This is the first example of making two C S/Se bonds and a C C bond in a single step at room temperature and also demonstrates a useful method for the synthesis of both thiophenes and selenophenes on naphthalene. In the case of the reactions of elemental selenium, diselenides were also obtained along with dinaphtho[1,2‐b:2′,1′‐d]selenophenes. The structure of dinaphtho[1,2‐b:′,1′‐d]thiophene was characterized by X‐ray crystallography as a representative molecule. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:239–248, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20291     

A Novel,One‐Pot Four‐Component Route to 2′‐Thioxo‐2′,3′‐dihydrospiro[indole‐3,6′‐[1,3]thiazin]‐2‐one Derivatives

An efficient route to 2′,3′‐dihydro‐2′‐thioxospiro[indole‐3,6′‐[1,3]thiazin]‐2(1H)‐one derivatives is described. It involves the reaction of isatine, 1‐phenyl‐2‐(1,1,1‐triphenyl‐λ⁵‐phosphanylidene)ethan‐1‐one, and different amines in the presence of CS₂ in dry MeOH at reflux (Scheme 1). The alkyl carbamodithioate, which results from the addition of the amine to CS₂, is added to the α,β‐unsaturated ketone, resulting from the reaction between 1‐phenyl‐2‐(1,1,1‐triphenyl‐λ⁵‐phosphanylidene)ethan‐1‐one and isatine, to produce the 3′‐alkyl‐2′,3′‐dihydro‐4′‐phenyl‐2′‐thioxospiro[indole‐3,6′‐[1,3]thiazin]‐2(1H)‐one derivatives in excellent yields (Scheme 2). Their structures were corroborated spectroscopically (IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and by elemental analyses.     

Methyl 4‐O‐β‐D‐mannopyranosyl β‐D‐xylopyranoside

Methyl β‐D‐mannopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐xylopyranoside, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₀, (I), crystallizes as colorless needles from water, with two crystallographically independent molecules, (IA) and (IB), comprising the asymmetric unit. The internal glycosidic linkage conformation in molecule (IA) is characterized by a ϕ′ torsion angle (O5′_Man—C1′_Man—O1′_Man—C4_Xyl; Man is mannose and Xyl is xylose) of −88.38 (17)° and a ψ′ torsion angle (C1′_Man—O1′_Man—C4_Xyl—C5_Xyl) of −149.22 (15)°, whereas the corresponding torsion angles in molecule (IB) are −89.82 (17) and −159.98 (14)°, respectively. Ring atom numbering conforms to the convention in which C1 denotes the anomeric C atom, and C5 and C6 denote the hydroxymethyl (–CH₂OH) C atom in the β‐Xylp and β‐Manp residues, respectively. By comparison, the internal glycosidic linkage in the major disorder component of the structurally related disaccharide, methyl β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐xylopyranoside), (II) [Zhang, Oliver & Serriani (2012). Acta Cryst. C 68 , o7–o11], is characterized by ϕ′ = −85.7 (6)° and ψ′ = −141.6 (8)°. Inter‐residue hydrogen bonding is observed between atoms O3_Xyl and O5′_Man in both (IA) and (IB) [O3_Xyl...O5′_Man internuclear distances = 2.7268 (16) and 2.6920 (17) Å, respectively], analogous to the inter‐residue hydrogen bond detected between atoms O3_Xyl and O5′_Gal in (II). Exocyclic hydroxymethyl group conformation in the β‐Manp residue of (IA) is gauche–gauche, whereas that in the β‐Manp residue of (IB) is gauche–trans.     

Green Synthesis of 1‐(1,2,4‐Triazol‐4‐yl)spiro[azetidine‐2,3′‐(3H)indole]‐2′,4′(1′H)‐diones as Potential Insecticidal Agents

One pot green synthesis of 1‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)spiro[azetidine‐2,3′‐(3H)‐indole]‐2′,4′(1′H)‐diones was carried out by the reaction of indole‐2,3‐diones,4‐amino‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole and acetyl chloride/chloroacetyl chloride in ionic liquid [bmim]PF₆ with/without using a catalyst. It was also prepared by conventional method via Schiff's bases, 3‐[4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl]imino‐indol‐2‐one. Further, the corresponding phenoxy derivatives were obtained by the reaction of chloro group attached to azetidine ring with phenols. The synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral (IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and FAB mass) data. Evaluation for insecticidal activity against Periplaneta americana exhibited promising results.     

Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 1′‐ and 3′‐Substituted 2‐Deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D‐ribofuranosyl Nucleosides

Convergent syntheses of the 9‐(3‐X‐2,3‐dideoxy‐2‐fluoro‐β‐D ‐ribofuranosyl)adenines 5 (X=N₃) and 7 (X=NH₂), as well as of their respective α‐anomers 6 and 8 , are described, using methyl 2‐azido‐5‐O‐benzoyl‐2,3‐dideoxy‐2‐fluoro‐β‐D ‐ribofuranoside ( 4 ) as glycosylating agent. Methyl 5‐O‐benzoyl‐2,3‐dideoxy‐2,3‐difluoro‐β‐D ‐ribofuranoside ( 12 ) was prepared starting from two precursors, and coupled with silylated N⁶‐benzoyladenine to afford, after deprotection, 2′,3′‐dideoxy‐2′,3′‐difluoroadenosine ( 13 ). Condensation of 1‐O‐acetyl‐3,5‐di‐O‐benzoyl‐2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐β‐D ‐ribofuranose ( 14 ) with silylated N²‐palmitoylguanine gave, after chromatographic separation and deacylation, the N⁷‐β‐anomer 17 as the main product, along with 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐fluoroguanosine ( 15 ) and its N⁹‐α‐anomer 16 in a ratio of ca. 42 : 24 : 10. An in‐depth conformational analysis of a number of 2,3‐dideoxy‐2‐fluoro‐3‐X‐D ‐ribofuranosides (X=F, N₃, NH₂, H) as well as of purine and pyrimidine 2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D ‐ribofuranosyl nucleosides was performed using the PSEUROT (version 6.3) software in combination with NMR studies.     

An Efficient Synthesis of 1′,7′,8′,9′‐Tetrahydrospiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinoline]‐2,5′(6′H)‐dione Derivatives in Aqueous Medium

An efficient and green reactions of isatins, 3‐amine‐1H‐pyrazole (5‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐amine) and 1,3‐diketone in aqueous medium for the synthesis of novel 1′,7′,8′,9′‐tetrahydrospiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinoline]‐2,5′(6′H)‐dione derivatives were reported in this research. The advantages of this reaction are simple operation, mild‐reaction conditions, wide scope substrate, high yields, and friendly environment. The products were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and HRMS.     

Synthesis,structure and some reactions of 4a',5′,6′,7′,8′,8a'‐hexahydro‐4′H‐spiro[cyclohexane‐1,9′‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]‐quinazolines]

2′‐Substituted 5′,6′,7′,8′‐tetrahydro‐4′H‐spiro[cyclohexane‐1,9′‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolines] 3a‐d were synthesized by condensation of 3‐substituted 5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles 1a‐d with 2‐cyclohexylidene cyclohexanone 2 in DMF. The compounds 3 were hydrogenated with sodium borohydride in ethanol to give 2′‐substituted cis‐4a',5′,6′,7′,8′,8a'‐hexahydro‐4′H‐spiro[cyclohexane‐1,9′‐[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolines] 4a‐d in high yields. The reactions of alkylation, acylation and sulfonylation of the compounds 4 were studied. The structure of the synthesized compounds was determined on the basis of NMR measurements including HSQC, HMBC, NOESY techniques and confirmed by the X‐ray analysis of 6 and 11b . The described synthetic protocols provide rapid access to novel and diversely substituted hydrogenated [1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolines.     

4,1′,6′‐Trichloro‐4,1′,6′‐trideoxysucrose monohydrate

At 160 K, the gluco­pyran­osyl ring in 1,6‐di­chloro‐1,6‐di­deoxy‐β‐d ‐fructo­furan­osyl 4‐chloro‐4‐deoxy‐α‐d ‐gluco­pyran­oside monohydrate, C₁₂H₁₉Cl₃O₈·H₂O, has a near ideal ⁴C₁ chair conformation, while the fructo­furan­osyl ring has a ⁴T₃ conformation. The conformation of the sugar mol­ecule is quite different to that of sucralose, particularly in the conformation about the glycosidic linkage, which affects the observed pattern of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. A complex series of intermolecular hydrogen bonds links the sugar and water mol­ecules into an infinite three‐dimensional framework.     

The 7‐bromo derivative of 2‐amino‐2′‐deoxytubercidin fluorinated at the sugar moiety

The title compound, 2,4‐diamino‐5‐bromo‐7‐(2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐β‐d ‐arabinofuranosyl)‐7H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine, C₁₁H₁₃BrFN₅O₃, shows two conformations of the exocyclic C4′—C5′ bond, with the torsion angle γ (O5′—C5′—C4′—C3′) being 170.1 (3)° for conformer 1 (occupancy 0.69) and 60.7 (7)° for conformer 2 (occupancy 0.31). The N‐glycosylic bond exhibits an anti conformation, with χ = −114.8 (4)°. The sugar pucker is N‐type (C3′‐endo; ³T₄), with P = 23.3 (4)° and τ_m = 36.5 (2)°. The compound forms a three‐dimensional network that is stabilized by several intermolecular hydrogen bonds (N—H...O, O—H...N and N—H...Br).     

Synthesis of 5‐[2‐(guanin‐9‐yl)‐ and 5‐[2‐(2‐aminopurin‐9‐yl)ethyl]‐2‐D‐ribo‐(1,2′,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxybutyl)‐1,3‐dioxane

Stereoselective synthesis of 5‐[2‐(guanin‐9‐yl)‐ and 5‐[2‐(2‐aminopurin‐9‐yl)ethyl]‐2‐D‐ribo‐(1′,2′,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxybutyl)‐1,3‐dioxane, 2‐5, as potential prodrugs of penciclovir, has been accomplished in six steps from readily available 2,3,4,5‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐aldehydo‐D‐ribose ( 6 ) and the 1,3‐diol 7 . It has been demonstrated that the use of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF₃·Et₂O) in dichloromethane along with excess anhydrous copper(II) sulfate was crucial for the efficient formation of cyclic acetal 8 . In addition, the chromatographic separation of cis and trans isomers of the cyclic acetal at the bromide stage 10 was feasible, which was requisite for the successful stereoselective synthesis of the ribosyl derivatives 2–5 .