含嘧啶环的双冠醚(Ⅳ)

前文已报道由啶环桥联两个苯并冠醚的双冠醚的合成与性质。由于嘧啶环的刚性较大,能把两个冠醚单元固定在有效地协同作用位置,因此以它们作中性载体的离子选择性电极具有较好的选择性。为了进一步研究这类双冠醚的性质,我们合成了四种嘧啶环桥联两个脂肪族冠醚的双冠醚,并经元素分析、IR、′HNMR鉴定。     

Schiff碱型和仲胺型双冠醚 Ⅱ.用双冠醚作载体的PVC膜钾离子选择性电极

用作PVC膜阳离子选择性电极的中性载体中,双冠醚是一类极有发展前途的化合物。例如,用三嗪环桥链的双冠醚制成的PVC膜钾电极对钾离子的配合能力为钠离子的几千倍,为NH_4~+离子的几百倍。为了进一步研究双冠醚的结构对电极性能的影响,我们合成了三种Shiff碱型双冠醚和三种仲胺型双冠醚,用它们制成PVC膜钾离子选择性电极,测量了碱金属和碱土金属离子的选择系数,发现这两类双冠醚钾电极对钠离子的选择系数几乎都在10~(-4)左右。     

几种类型冠状化合物的合成及其络合性能研究

Ⅰ.本文报告了7种西佛碱型双冠醚和经过还原得到的3种仲胺型双冠醚化合物的合成。用两种仲胺型双冠醚制备了聚苯乙烯支载的双冠醚化合物。以所得新型双冠醚作为PVC膜离子选择电极的中性载体,制备了钾离子选择电极,研究了电极性能,测定了冠醚和碱金属离子的络合反应热力学量,络合萃取量。通过碘代反应测定了聚苯乙烯支载的双冠醚的相转移催化活性。     

芳撑双氧亚甲基桥联的新型双冠醚化合物的合成及其结构与钾离子选择电极性能关系的研究

本文报告了10种芳撑双氧亚甲基桥联的新型双冠醚化合物的合成,全部产物均为有敏锐熔点的固体物质。经元素分析、质谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱等分析鉴定,确定其结构与预期的相符。 以这10种双冠醚化合物作为PVC膜离子选择电极的中性载体,制备了钾离子选择性电极。对评价电极的主要参数:电极对钾离子的电位线性响应范围、斜率,电极对某些一价、二价阳离子的选择性系数进行了测定和计算。     

双冠醚PVC膜钾电极的研究

Kimura等报道了双冠醚,庚二酸二-[3,4-(1’,4’,7’,10’,13’-五氧杂环十五-2-烯)骈苄酯](简称双冠醚A),并用作钾离子选择性电极的活性物质。朱春生等最近报道了双冠醚B的合成。本文研究了上述两种双冠醚作为电活性物质的PVC膜钾离子选择性电极,并与目前以二叔丁基二苯骈-30-冠-10为电活性物质的PVC商品钾电极作对比,实验结果说明双冠醚钾电极在测量范围,对Na~+,NH_4~+等离子的选择性系数,pH范围等方面均优于商品电极。     

双冠醚化合物的合成研究 Ⅰ.双单羟基冠醚二羧酸酯化合物的合成

Kimura等曾报道了含有苯并15-冠-5和苯并18-冠-6的双冠醚双酯化合物,并用作钾离子选择电极,其性能优于单冠醚制成的钾离子选择电极.黄德培等报道了4-羟甲苯并-15-冠-5的庚二酸酯(简称双冠醚A)和双冠醚B作为电活性物质的PVC膜钾离子选择性电极,在测量范围,对Na~+,NH_4~+等离子的选择性系数、pH范围等方面均优于以二叔丁基二苯并30-冠-10为活性物质的商品钾电极. 为了更广泛地探索双冠醚化合物的应用前景,本文报道新的双冠醚双酯化合物3a～3f的合成.即以邻苯二酚与ββ’二氯乙醚缩合得二(2-邻羟基苯氧基乙基)醚(1),1与环氧氯丙     

增塑剂对冠醚PVC膜钾电极选择性和亲脂类阴离子干扰的影响

中性载体离子选择性电极的膜是由中性载体、增塑剂(或膜溶剂),以及支撑物如聚氯乙烯(PVC)三种材料组成的。对中性载体为冠醚的PVC膜钾电极而言,冠醚的结构,支撑物的类型对电极性能的影响已有报导。关于增塑剂的作用尚缺乏全面深入的研究,它对电极选择性影响的原因还存在不同的说法。本文用自制的冠醚PVC膜钾电极研究增塑剂对电极性能——主要是选择性和亲脂类阴离子干扰的影响,对其原因在实     

双[2'''':3'''',9'''':10''''-二苯并-16-冠-5)-6-基]-2,6-吡啶甲酸酯-PVC膜钾离子选择电极的研制

有关双冠醚钾离子选择电极的研究已有较多文献报道。本文以双[2’:3’,9’:10’-二苯并-16-冠-5)-6-基]-2,6-吡啶二甲酸酯(简称BDB16C5PDC)为中性载体,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯为增塑剂研制的钟离子选择电极、其响应斜率优于以前所报道的双冠醚钾离子选择电极。该电极的线性响应范围为1.00×10~(-5)～1.00×10~(-1)mol/l;检测下限为5.57×10~(-6)mol/l;响应斜率为67.5mv;对Li~+、Na~+、Rb~+、Cs~+、NH_4~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Ba~(2+)的     

含嘧啶环的双冠醚——V.双冠醚为载体的碱金属离子选择性电极的研究

本文报道由5-硝基-6-三氟甲基嘧啶环桥联苯并-12-冠-4、苯并-15-冠-5和苯并-18-冠-6的三种新的双冠醚的合成。用它们作为载体分别制成钠、钾和铯离子选择性电极，测定了电极的响应功能、选择性系数和适用的pH范围。结果表明三种电极都有较好的性能。     

含嘧啶环的双冠醚 V.双冠醚为载体的碱金属离子选择性电极的研究

本文报道由５－硝基－６－三氟甲基嘧啶环桥联苯并－１２－冠－４、苯并－１５－冠－５和苯并－１８－冠－６的三种新的双冠醚的合成。用它们作为载体分别制成钠、钾和铯离子选择性电极，测定了电极的响应功能、选择性系数和适用的ｐＨ范围。结果表明三种电极都有较好的性能。     

Molecular Design of Crown Ethers. 191. Synthesis of Novel Disulfide- and Diselenide-Bridged Bis (benzo-12-crown-4)s and their Ag+ Selective Electrode Properties

Crown ethers have enjoyed widespread use in various fields since the very firstpreparation of the ligand by Pedersen. One of the great applications of them is inanalytical chemistry. In particular, the ion-selective electrode is a most important targetin analytical applications"'. A wide variety of moncyclic crown ethers and bicycliccrown ethers have been employed in the studies of the ion-selective electrode in rece.ntyears'-'. Especially, bicyclic crown ethers have been extensively studied …     

冠醚酮酸和烷酸的合成

本文介绍了在PPA存在下，由B15C5和DB18C6同过量的二羧酸发生酰化作用，得到酮酸1a～e和3a～c。再把所得相应的酮酸1a～e和3a～c利用黄鸣龙法制得4'-(ω－羧基多亚甲基)苯并-15-冠-5(2a～e)和4',4'(5')-二(ω-羧基多亚甲基)二苯并-18-冠-6(4a～c)等一系列ω-冠醚酮酸。     

Vectorial property dependence in bis {4'-(n-pyridyl)-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine}iron(II) and ruthenium(II) complexes with n = 2, 3 and 4

A comparative structural and spectroscopic investigation of the complexes [M(1)2]2+, [M(2)2]2+ and [M(3)2]2+ in which M = Fe or Ru, and ligands 1, 2 and 3 are 4'-(2-pyridyl)-, 4'-(3-pyridyl)- and 4'-(4-pyridyl)-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine, respectively, is reported. The complexes [Ru(1)2]2+, [Ru(2)2]2+ and [Ru(3)2]2+ undergo mono- and bis-N-methylation. The consequences of methylation on the absorption spectra and electrochemical properties are discussed; the solid-state structure of the bis(N-methylated) derivative of [Ru(2)2][PF6]2 is presented.     

Extreme electronic modulation of the cofacial porphyrin structural motif

The synthesis, electrochemistry, and optical spectroscopy of an extensive series of cofacial bis[(porphinato)zinc(II)] compounds are reported. These species were synthesized using sequential palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling and cobalt-mediated [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions. This modular methodology enables facile control of the nature of macrocycle-to-macrocycle connectivity and allows unprecedented modulation of the redox properties of face-to-face porphyrin species. We report the synthesis of 5,6-bis[(5',5'-10',20'-bis[4-(3-methoxy-3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]indane (1), 5,6-bis[(2'-5',10',15',20'-tetraphenylporphinato)zinc(II)]indane (2), 5-([2'-5',10',15',20'-tetraphenylporphinato]zinc(II))-6-[(5"-10',20'-bis[4-(3-methoxy-3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]indane (3), 5-([2'-5',10',15',20'-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))-6-[(5' '-10' ',20' '-bis[4-(3-methoxy-3-methylbutoxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]indane (4), 5-(2'-5',10',15',20'-[tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))-6-[(2'-5',10',15',20'-tetraphenylporphinato)zinc(II)]indane (5), 5,6-bis([2'-5',15'-diphenyl-10',20'-(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))indane (6), and 5,6-bis([2'-5',10',15',20'-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)porphinato]zinc(II))indane (7); 4-7 define the first examples of cofacial bis[(porphinato)metal] compounds in which sigma-electron-withdrawing perfluoroalkyl groups serve as macrocycle substituents, while 2, 6, and 7 constitute the first such structures that possess a beta-to-beta linkage topology. Cyclic voltammetric studies show that the electrochemically determined HOMO and LUMO energy levels of these cofacial bis(porphinato) complexes can be lowered by 780 and 945 mV, respectively, relative to the archetypal members of this class of compounds; importantly, these orbital energy levels can be modulated over well-defined increments throughout these wide potentiometric domains. Analyses of these cofacial bis[(porphinato)metal] potentiometric data, in terms of the absolute and relative frontier orbital energies of their constituent [porphinato]zinc(II) building blocks, as well as the nature of macrocycle-to-macrocycle connectivity, provide predictive electronic structural models that rationalize the redox behavior of these species.     

Influences of Hard Donor on Cation Selectivities Closing to Soft Selenium Donor in Tweezer-like Calix[4]arene Receptors

Three novel 25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-bis(3-benzylselenopropoxy)-5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butylcalix[4]-arene (2),25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-bis[3-(2-hydroxyethylseleno)propoxy]-5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene (3) and 25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-bis(3-propylselenoproppxy)-5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene (4) were synthesized for the comparison of their ion-selectivity in ion-selective electrodes (ISE). X-ray structure of the CH/π complex of 4.CH2Cl2 was elucidated. ISEs based on 2-4 as neutral ionophores were prepared, and their selectivity coefficients for Ag (logKAg,M^pot) were investigated against some main group metal ions and transition metal ones using the fixed interference method (FIM). These ISEs showed excellent Ag^ selectivity over most of the interfering cations examined. It is evident that the stronger Hg^2 interference may not be produced while hard donors (hydroxy) are close to the soft selenium donors.     

A novel class of Cd(II), Hg(II) turn-on and Cu(II), Zn(II) turn-off Schiff base fluorescent probes

N,N'-((5,5'-(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)bis(1H-pyrrole-5,2-diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-methoxyaniline) 4 and N,N'-((5,5'-(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)-bis(1H-pyrrole-5,2-diyl))bis(methanylylidene))dianiline 5 have been prepared and structurally characterized. The X-ray crystal structures of compounds 4 and 4a have been determined. These compounds displayed good sensitivity toward transition metal ions with Cd(II), Zn(II) turn-on and Cu(II), Hg(II) turn-off in fluorescence. It is an elegant example of on/off behavior like a lamp. When Cd(II) or Zn(II) is added into compounds 4 or 5, the lamp will switch on, and then when Cu(II) or Hg(II) is added into the mixture, the lamp will switch off. The binding properties of 4 and 5 for cations were examined by fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence data and crystal structure indicate that a 1:1 stoichiometry complex is formed between compound 4 (or 5) and metal ions, and the binding affinity is very high. The recognition mechanism between compound 4 (or 5) and metal ion was discussed based on the their chemical constructions and the CHEF/CHEQ effect when they interacted with each other.     

Molecular design of crown ethers. 19.(1) synthesis of novel disulfide- and diselenide-bridged Bis(benzo-12-crown-4)s and their Ag(+)-selective electrode properties

Two novel heteroatom-bridged bis(benzo-12-crown-4 ether)s, i.e., bis(2-nitro-4,5-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxadecamethylene)phenyl) disulfide (4) and diselenide (5), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and mass, IR, UV, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. An X-ray crystallographic structure was obtained for 4. Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) for Ag(+), containing 4 and 5 in PVC membrane as neutral carriers, were prepared, and their selectivity coefficients for Ag(+) () were determined against other heavy metal ions, alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions, and ammonium ion using the matched potential method. These ISEs showed excellent Ag(+) selectivities, log /= -1.2). These values are comparable to those reported for the representative Ag(+)-selective thioethers 6 and 7, revealing that both disulfide and diselenide functionalities in 4 and 5 are equally effective Ag(+)-selective binding sites as the 1,7-dithia-4-oxa functionality in 6 and 7, irrespective of the different atom type and relative position of the sulfur/selenium donors in the ligands. Also discussed are the steric and electronic effects of the nitro groups in 4 and 5 on the Nernstian slopes obtained with the 4- and 5-based ISEs.     

Azoles and Azines: CXIX. Alkylation of 5,5'-(4-Nitrobenzylidene)bis(2-thiobarbituric) Acid and 5-(4-Nitrophenyl)-2,8-dithioxo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine-4,6(1H,3H)-dione with Haloacetic Acids and Their Esters

5,5'-(4-Nitrobenzylidene)bis(2-thiobarbituric) acid and 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,8-dithioxo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine-4,6(1H,3H)-dione, similar to unsubstituted 2-thiobarbituric acid, readily react with haloacetic acids and their esters to form regioselectively the S-alkylation products. The alternative routes fo 5,5'-(4-nitrobenzylidene)bis[(4-hydroxy-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5,2-diyl)sulfanyl]diacetic acids, based on condensation of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidin-2-ylthioacetic acid with carbonyl compounds followed by cyclodehydration to [(5-(4-nitrophenyl)-4,6-dioxo-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidine-2,8-diyl)di(sulfanyl)]diacetic acid derivatives, are less efficient. Alkylation of 2-thiobarbituric acid with ethyl bromoacetate in ethanol in the presence of alkali yields 5-(2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-thiobarbituric acid.