表面等离子体共振技术用于蛋白对氨基酸手性识别的动力学研究

利用SPR技术,以牛血清白蛋白和溶菌酶为探针构筑手性识别传感膜,开展了对L-和D-苯丙氨酸以及L-和D-色氨酸手性识别的动力学研究。实验结果表明,两种蛋白在与每种氨基酸分子的L-和D-型异构体相互作用过程都存在明显的动力学差异。动力学数据进一步显示两种蛋白与每种氨基酸L-型异构体的亲和力均大于D-型。     

利用光学生物传感器研究阿霉素与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

用IAsys光生物传感器研究了阿霉素以及阿霉素铁配合物与人血清白蛋白的相互作用．求出了五个不同温度下．结合和解离的动力学平衡常数,并且对阿霉素与人血清白蛋白相互作用的热力学进行了研究,结果表明：随温度的升高,阿霉素与人血清白蛋白的结合作用逐渐增强,说明温度升高有利于结合反应的进行;相同温度下,阿霉素铁配合物与人血清白蛋白结合的平衡常数是阿霉素与该蛋白结合常数的7倍．阿霉素与人血清白蛋白的结合过程是一个吸热的熵驱动的过程,水分子重组在结合过程中起了重要作用,它们之间的作用力主要为疏水作用力．     

L-α-三氟乙酰基氧基丙酰基氯对外消旋胺及氨基酸的气相色谱拆分

L-乳酸与三氟乙酸酐反应, 生成L-α-三氟乙酰氧基乳酸, 再与二氯亚砜作用, 合成新的手性试剂----L-α-三氟乙酰氧基丙酰氯. 它与DL-α-苯乙胺及三种DL-α-氨基酸反应, 生成相应的非对映异构体酰胺, 在以Carbowax为固定相的毛细管柱上进行气相色谱拆分. 以相应的L-胺及L-氨基酸在相同条件下进行比较, 发现D-异构体的保留时间较短 .     

基于表面等离子体共振技术的血清白蛋白与色氨酸对映异构体手性识别的热力学研究

利用表面等离子体共振(SPR)技术,从热力学角度研究了牛血清白蛋白、人血清白蛋白与色氨酸对映异构体相互作用的手性识别,考察了p H值、离子强度和温度对亲和力的影响.利用热力学方法计算并探讨了作用机理.实验结果表明,牛血清白蛋白及人血清白蛋白与L-色氨酸的结合有高度特异性.热力学参数计算结果证明疏水作用在手性识别过程中起主要作用,但不排除静电作用有一定的贡献.     

用荧光猝灭和荧光加强两种理论研究头孢类药物与白蛋白的作用

应用荧光加强和荧光猝灭两种理论公式，对七种头孢类抗菌药物与人血清和牛血清白蛋白的作用作进行了对比研究，对药物与白蛋白的结合特点和通常的表征量：解离常数、猝灭常数、猝灭效率、能量转移效率、给体-受体作用距离等，进行了深入地分析。     

用荧光猝灭和荧光加强两种理论研究喹诺酮类新药与白蛋白的作用

应用荧光加强和荧光猝灭两种理论公式, 对四种喹诺酮类药物与人血清和牛血清白蛋白的作用作进行了对比研究, 对药物与白蛋白的结合特点和通常的表征量(解离常数、 猝灭常数、 猝灭效率、 能量转移效率、 给体 受体作用距离等)进行了深入地分析; 在白蛋白与药物结合类型上, 四种药物对HSA和BSA的猝灭实验结果表明, 这种由给体-受体结合引起的猝灭作用类型不是由生物大分子血清白蛋白单方面决定的, 而是由血清白蛋白与药物、 即给体与受体两者的分子结构和相互匹配共同决定的.     

贝加因黄酮与不同异构体人血清白蛋白相互作用机制研究

贝加因黄酮具有广泛的生理和药理活性, 它与蛋白质相互作用机制的研究对于深入了解其药理药效具有重要的意义. 采用紫外和荧光光谱等手段对贝加因黄酮与不同异构体的人血清白蛋白复合物的结构进行了表征. 在弱碱性条件下, 贝加因的紫外吸收光谱发生了明显的变化, 说明其A环上的羟基发生了解离, 而在pH值4.5～2.0范围内, 贝加因的结构基本保持不变. 贝加因与不同异构体的人血清白蛋白作用后, 其紫外光谱吸收I带发生显著的红移, 显示出药物与蛋白质发生了特异性的结合. 贝加因对不同异构体的荧光猝灭机制主要为静态猝灭过程, 通过药物对蛋白质的荧光猝灭实验, 计算了它们之间的结合常数. 研究结果表明, 药物与蛋白质的结合常数随pH值的降低而减小, 这可能与蛋白质的结构变化有关. 研究还发现, 与不同异构体蛋白质作用后, 药物的荧光发射峰有显著的增强效应. 上述实验结果充分证明贝加因与不同异构体的蛋白质之间形成了复合物, 药物分子结合在蛋白质IIA亚域邻近色氨酸残基的Site I结合位点. 结合计算机分子模拟, 对药物与蛋白质的结合模式进行了讨论.     

蒽醌类药物与人血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

介绍了自行组装的波长检测型表面等离子体子共振(SPR)传感装置的原理和构造。应用此SPR传感器研究了三种蒽醌类药物与人血清白蛋白的相互作用,并分别计算了它们作用的动力学常数、热力学常数及结合百分率。结果表明,这些蒽醌类药物与人血清白蛋白都有不同程度的结合。     

质谱法研究气相中18-冠醚-6与氨基酸的非共价相互作用

利用电喷雾电离质谱研究了在气相条件下18-冠醚-6与20余种天然氨基酸及其异构体间的非共价相互作用。定性结果表明,在气相中18-冠-6可以与氨基酸形成化学计量比为1∶1的非共价复合物。配制一系列不同浓度的18-冠-6分别与固定浓度的氨基酸反应,利用质谱测得反应物和产物的质谱峰,计算冠醚分别与L-苯丙氨酸、L-酪氨酸、L-赖氨酸和L-天冬氨酸反应的复合物结合常数lg Ka分别为3.90、3.75、4.06和3.64,基于此建立了校准曲线。通过竞争反应实验,以上述4种氨基酸与冠醚复合物的结合常数为参考值,可推算得到其余氨基酸与冠醚的结合常数。实验结果表明,冠醚-氨基酸复合物的稳定性与氨基酸的种类相关,节碱性氨基酸以及侧链是烷基(或氢原子)的氨基酸对冠醚的亲和性更好,而酸性氨基酸(如L-丝氨酸)以及侧链上有酰胺键的氨基酸,对冠醚的亲和性较低。研究了18-冠-6对L型氨基酸及其D型异构体的手性选择性,结果表明,18-冠-6只能识别部分中性氨基酸。     

荧光法研究苯胺蓝与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

用荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱研究了苯胺蓝和人血清白蛋白的相互作用。研究表明,苯胺蓝对人血清白蛋白的荧光发射有明显的猝灭作用,根据不同温度下的猝灭数据,由Stern-Volmer方程推断苯胺蓝对人血清白蛋白的猝灭属于静态猝灭。计算得到了结合常数KA、结合位点数n,同时计算得到的热力学常数表明苯胺蓝和人血清白蛋白作用力类型为静电作用和疏水作用结合。同时用同步荧光光谱探讨了苯胺蓝对人血清白蛋白构象的影响。     

Characterization of interaction kinetics between chiral solutes and human serum albumin by using high-performance affinity chromatography and peak profiling

Peak profiling and high-performance columns containing immobilized human serum albumin (HSA) were used to study the interaction kinetics of chiral solutes with this protein. This approach was tested using the phenytoin metabolites 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (m-HPPH) and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH) as model analytes. HSA columns provided some resolution of the enantiomers for each phenytoin metabolite, which made it possible to simultaneously conduct kinetic studies on each chiral form. The dissociation rate constants for these interactions were determined by using both the single flow rate and multiple flow rate peak profiling methods. Corrections for non-specific interactions with the support were also considered. The final estimates obtained at pH 7.4 and 37°C for the dissociation rate constants of these interactions were 8.2-9.6 s(-1) for the two enantiomers of m-HPPH and 3.2-4.1 s(-1) for the enantiomers of p-HPPH. These rate constants agreed with previous values that have been reported for other drugs and solutes that have similar affinities and binding regions on HSA. The approach used in this report was not limited to phenytoin metabolites or HSA but could be applied to a variety of other chiral solutes and proteins. This method could also be adopted for use in the rapid screening of drug-protein interactions.     

CE‐LIF chiral separation of aspartic acid and glutamic acid enantiomers using human serum albumin and sodium cholate as dual selectors

Sodium cholate (SC), β‐CD, hydroxypropyl (HP)‐β‐CD, HSA, and the dual mixtures of them were evaluated for the analysis of aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) enantiomers fluorescently tagged with 5‐(4,6‐dichloro‐s‐triazin‐2‐ylamino) fluorescein (DTAF) by CE with LIF detection. Among the investigated chiral selectors and the dual selector systems, the dual selector systems of HSA and SC resulted to be the most useful chiral selectors allowing relatively high chiral resolution. Several experimental parameters such as chiral reagent type and concentration, buffer concentration, and pH, type and concentration of organic modifier were studied in order to find the optimum conditions for the chiral resolution of the two derivatized amino acids in their enantiomers. The effect of different variables that affect derivatization (time, temperature, pH, and DTAF concentration) was studied. Under optimum conditions, the analytes were separated in a short 10.5 min analysis time, and the RSDs for migration time and peak area were less than 0.12 and 2.8%, respectively. The method was applied for the analysis of compound amino acids injection without interference from other amino acids in the sample matrices observed.     

Interaction of Amino Acid and Dipeptide β-Naphthylamide Derivatives with Hyaluronic Acid and Human Serum Albumin Studied by Capillary Electrophoresis Frontal Analysis

Interactions of drug candidates with the biomacromolecules of the synovial fluid affect drug targeting to the articular cartilage as well as clearance from the synovial space upon intra-articular administration. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and human serum albumin (HSA) are two main components existing in the synovial fluid. To this end, we investigated the affinity of seven cationic amino acid and dipeptide β-naphthylamide derivatives towards HA and HSA in order to shed light on possible relationships between physicochemical properties, in particular charge state, and biomacromolecular interactions to increase the joint residence time. Capillary electrophoresis frontal analysis was used for characterization of the binding of the derivatives to hyaluronic acid and HSA at 25 °C in acetate buffer (pH 4.65) and phosphate buffer (pH 7.40), respectively. Linear binding isotherms were observed for the ligand–hyaluronic acid interactions and the obtained binding constants ranged from 43 to 133 M^?1. The average fraction of bound ligand towards hyaluronic acid increased with increasing the net charge of the ligands but was less than 67 % for all investigated ligands. The obtained binding constants of the ligands with HSA varied in the range of 10³–10⁶ M^?1. The interactions of low-molecular weight derivatives with hyaluronic acid were highly dependent on the ligand charge state. This trend was not observed for the interactions with HSA. The obtained affinity data may provide useful information in the design of cartilage adhesive prodrugs with extended residence time in the synovial cavity.     

多溴联苯醚与人血清白蛋白相互作用的表面等离子体共振及分子对接

采用表面等离子体共振(SPR)技术, 在模拟生理条件下实时动态研究了8种典型多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)相互作用的动力学和热力学行为. 通过分子对接模拟研究了PBDEs与HSA相互作用的分子机制, 探讨了不同PBDEs与蛋白的结合模式及作用力. 动力学实验结果表明, PBDEs中溴原子的个数和取代位置对相互作用有规律性的影响. 溴原子通过改变PBDEs分子与HSA作用过程中的解离速率来影响其亲和力, 溴原子个数越多, PBDEs与HSA作用的亲和力越强; 而取代基位置则影响PBDEs与HSA作用结合速率的快慢, 同分异构体中间位取代溴的亲和力大于邻位取代溴. 分子对接结果显示, 8种PBDEs主要结合于HSA的Site I位点, 但结合位点周边氨基酸残基类型的差异影响了结合力. 范德华力和氢键对结合能的贡献远大于静电力.     

Epimerization and racemization of some chiral drugs in the presence of human serum albumin

Epimerization and racemization of carbenicillin, ethiazide, etoposide and oxazepam acetate were examined kinetically in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA). The concentration of both optical isomers of each drug was determined by stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatography. The apparent rate constants of epimerization or racemization and hydrolysis were estimated from the concentration-time data. HSA retarded the racemization of ethiazide and the epimerization of etoposide. The binding of the drugs to HSA may inhibit the attack of hydroxy ion and/or water molecule and thus retard the epimerization and the racemization. HSA accelerated the epimerization of carbenicillin, which is charged at the pH studied. Ion-ion and ion-dipole interactions between carbenicillin and HSA activate the carbenicillin molecule favorable for the attack of hydroxy ion and/or water molecule. The hydrolysis rates of ethiazide, carbenicillin and oxazepam acetate were increased by the addition of HSA. The hydrolysis rate of d-oxazepam acetate enantiomer bound to HSA was twice that of the l-enantiomer, which suggests that the esterase-like activity of HSA is enantioselective. Differences in the binding affinities of the drug's enantiomers to HSA may account for the selectivity.     

Esterase-like activity of human serum albumin. VIII. Reaction with amino acid p-nitrophenyl esters.

The reactions of human serum albumin (HSA) with optically active amino acid p-nitrophenyl esters (substrate, S) were examined kinetically at 25 degrees C. The rate data were analyzed in terms of a mechanism involving 1:1 complexing (S.HSA) between S and HSA. The dissociation constant (Ks in M) and the catalytic rate constant (k2 in s-1) of S.HSA were determined. Among ten substrates examined, the reactions with N-carbobenzoxy-D(L)-alanine p-nitrophenyl esters (N-CBZ-D(L)-AlaNP) were most accelerated by HSA. Results of the reaction in the presence of excess N-CBZ-D(L)-AlaNP over HSA indicated the existence of one strong reactive site on HSA. The effects of the reversible binding of the site-specific drug and the chemical modification by site-specific reagents on the HSA activity showed that the reactive site towards N-CBZ-D(L)-AlaNP is the R site located near tyrosine-411 residue of HSA.     

C18柱串联冠醚手性柱高效分离3种芳香族氨基酸对映体

将C18柱与手性冠醚柱串联,建立了一种反相高效液相色谱法用于3种芳香族氨基酸对映体同时拆分的方法.考察了反相色谱流动相的组成、pH值、柱温、流速对对映体拆分的影响.实验结果表明,当流动相为HClO4-乙睛溶液(86:14,V/V,pH 2.0)、柱温20℃、流速0.4 mL/min时,3种氨基酸对映体可获得基线分离.进一步对比了C18柱、冠醚手性柱和串联顺序不同的4种分离模式,结果表明,C18柱不能拆分氨基酸对映体,仅能分离不同种类氨基酸;冠醚手性柱可分离氨基酸映体,但不同种类氨基酸色谱峰出现重叠;串联模式能实现3种氨基酸对映体的基线分离,实现双柱优势互补,而串联顺序对分离影响不大,仅影响色谱峰的峰形.     

Enantioseparation of nuarimol by affinity electrokinetic chromatography-partial filling technique using human serum albumin as chiral selector

The present paper deals with the enantiomeric separation of nuarimol enantiomers by affinity EKC-partial filling technique using HSA as chiral selector. Firstly, a study of nuarimol interactions with HSA by CE-frontal analysis was performed. The binding parameters obtained for the first site of interaction were n(1) = 0.84; K(1) = 9.7 +/- 0.3x10(3 )M(-1) and the protein binding percentage of nuarimol at physiological concentration of HSA was 75.2 +/- 0.2%. Due to the moderate affinity of nuarimol towards HSA the possibility of using this protein as chiral selector for the separation of nuarimol using the partial filling technique was evaluated. A multivariate optimization approach of the most critical experimental variables in enantioresolution, running pH, HSA concentration and plug length was carried out. Separation of nuarimol enantiomers was obtained under the following selected conditions: electrophoretic buffer composed of 50 mM Tris at pH 7.3; 160 muM HSA solution applied at 50 mbar for 156 s as chiral selector; nuarimol solutions in the range of 2-8x10(-4) M injected hydrodynamically at 30 mbar for 2 s and the electrophoretic runs performed at 30 degrees C applying 15 kV voltage. Resolution, accuracy, reproducibility speed and cost of the proposed method make it suitable for quality control of the enantiomeric composition of nuarimol in formulations and for further toxicological studies. The results showed a different affinity between nuarimol enantiomers towards HSA.     

Enantiomeric quality control of antihistamines in pharmaceuticals by affinity electrokinetic chromatography with human serum albumin as chiral selector

The present paper deals with the enantiomeric separation of six antihistaminic enantiomers by affinity electrokinetic chromatography (AEKC)-partial filling technique using human serum albumin (HSA) as chiral selector. A multivariate optimization approach of the most critical experimental variables in enantioresolution, running pH, HSA concentration and HSA plug length (SPL) was carried out since there are interactions between variables that could not be considered in an univariate optimization. The estimated and experimental resolution values obtained for antihistaminic enantiomers varied from 1.13 (for orphenadrine) to 2.15 (for brompheniramine). The optimum experimental conditions for enantioresolution of each compound were: brompheniramine, pH 8.5, [HSA] 180 μM, SPL 180 s; chlorcyclizine, pH 6.5, [HSA] 180 μM, SPL 150 s; chlorpheniramine, pH 8.25, [HSA] 160 μM, SPL 150 s; hydroxyzine, pH 7.0, [HSA] 180 μM, SPL 150 s; and orphenadrine, pH 7.8, [HSA] 160 μM, SPL 150 s. pH and the quadratic term of pH seem to be the most critical factors that determine enantioresolution of antihistamines. The validity of the developed methodologies to enantiomeric quality control of antihistamines in pharmaceutical formulations is demonstrated analyzing the content of brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine and hyroxyzine enantiomers in commercially available pharmaceutical formulations containing racemic mixtures of compounds. Resolution, accuracy, reproducibility, cost and sample throughput of the proposed methodologies make them suitable for quality control of the enantiomeric composition of antihistamines in pharmaceutical preparations.