Pb—Ti复合醇盐的水解聚结过程

采用浊度法研究了Ｐｂ－Ｔｉ复合醇盐的水解聚结过程，发现该过程随水量和醇盐浓度的增大而加快，碱（ＮＨ４ＯＨ）能够大大促进水解聚结反应，酸（ＨＯＡｃ）则在低浓度时起促进作用高浓度时起抑制作用，根据醇盐水解聚结的反应机理对以上结果作了解释。     

FTIR研究聚丙烯负载型催化剂的的制备过程

采用红外光谱跟踪分析用于丙烯聚合的ＭｇＣｌ２负载型催化剂的制备过程,阐明了制备过程中的主要化学变化。认为载体ＭｇＣｌ２含水对催化剂负载过程及钛含量有极大的影响。ＭｇＣｌ２的溶解是一经过中间过渡态的醇化过程,邻苯二甲酸酐不仅会与部分醇反应生成酯,而且还与水反应生成酸,起了除水的作用;其中酯在ＴｉＣｌ４负载中作为内酯,酸容量与－Ｍｇ－（ＯＲ）作用生成Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２或Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）Ｃｌ;在负载过程中,Ｔｉ     

正戊烷选择性氧化用VPO催化剂的合成新方法(英)

研究了 合成 Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 催化剂 时还 原 溶剂 对 Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 的结 构及 催 化性 能的 影 响． Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 的 合 成方法如下 ： （１） Ｖ２ Ｏ５ 与 Ｈ３ Ｐ Ｏ４ 反 应生成磷 酸钒; （２） 用 不同 的还 原溶 剂还 原磷 酸钒 得到 Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 催化剂前身 ; （３） 活化 Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 催化 剂前身． 研究 的还原溶 剂有 ： 异 丁醇 、异 丁醇苯甲 醇、异丁 醇石 油醚和正己 醇． 结 果表明, 使用异 丁醇石 油醚 作还 原 溶剂 ,只 能生 成 Ｖ Ｏ Ｈ Ｐ Ｏ４·０５ Ｈ２ Ｏ 晶 体; 使 用其它溶剂 则会生 成 Ｖ Ｏ（ Ｈ２ Ｐ Ｏ４） ２ 和 Ｖ Ｏ Ｈ Ｐ Ｏ４·０５ Ｈ２ Ｏ 两种 晶体,但使 用的溶 剂生 成这 两种 晶体 的相对量大 不相同 ． 经 活 化 后, 不 同 还 原 溶 剂 合 成 的 Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 只 含（ Ｖ Ｏ）２ Ｐ２ Ｏ７ 晶 相． 在 活 化 过 程 中, Ｖ Ｏ（ Ｈ２ Ｐ Ｏ４） ２ 转变成 无定形化 合物． Ｖ Ｏ Ｈ Ｐ Ｏ４·０５ Ｈ２ Ｏ 晶相 含量较 高的催化 剂前身, 经活 化后 催化剂中（ Ｖ Ｏ）２ Ｐ２ Ｏ７ 晶 相含量相 对较高 ,其催化活 性也相 对较高     

苯磺酸甲酯醇解反应的动力学研究

苯磺酸甲酯醇解反应的动力学研究赖国华，胡科诚，金松寿（杭州大学化学系杭州３１００２８）关键词动力学，苯磺酸甲酯醇解，补偿效应本文研究了苯磺酸甲酯在ＣＨ＿３ＯＨ，Ｃ＿２Ｈ＿５ＯＨ，ｎ－Ｃ＿３Ｈ＿７ＯＨ和ｎ－Ｃ－４Ｈ＿９ＯＨ中的醇解反应速率随温度的变化情...     

二烷基磷（膦）酸钠盐萃取体系的相行为

用二烷基磷（膦）酸钠盐ＮａＡ作为阴离子表面活性剂，测定了ＮａＡ－醇－油－水体系Ｗ／Ｏ型微乳液中水的增溶量，用类三元相 图单相微乳区，测定了ＮａＤＴＭＰＰ－ＨＤＴＭＰＰ－煤油－水（含Ｎａ２ＳＯ４）体系相的变化，并讨论了溶剂、醇、温度、含盐量等对相行为的影响。     

硫酸对壳聚糖膜分离性能影响的本质

研究了Ｈ２ＳＯ４对壳聚糖（ＣＳ）膜醇水分离性能的影响．结果表明，Ｈ２ＳＯ４使ＣＳ上的—ＮＨ２质子化为—ＮＨ＋３，降低了极性较差的乙醇分子进入膜内的能力，提高了膜对水分子的吸附选择性．又因为ＳＯ２－４可以与２个—ＮＨ＋３作用，使部分ＣＳ链产生交联，缩小了分子透过的通道．由于乙醇分子比水分子大，故大大提高了膜对水的渗透选择性．所以，Ｈ２ＳＯ４能提高ＣＳ膜的醇水分离性能是以上两种因素综合作用的结果．     

MgCO3.3H2O水热分解产物及其组成

ＭｇＣＯ_３·３Ｈ_２Ｏ水热分解产物及其组成翟学良，周相廷，李美玲（河北师范大学化学系石家庄０５００１６）关键词ＭｇＣＯ_３·３Ｈ_２Ｏ，Ｍｇ_５（ＣＯ_３）_４（ＯＨ）_２·８Ｈ_２Ｏ，Ｍｇ_５（ＣＯ_３）_４（ＯＨ）_２·５Ｈ_２Ｏ，水热分解，中间体ＭｇＣＯ_...     

醇的链长对微乳状液形成的影响

本文研究了醇对非离子型表面活性剂ＡＥＯ９［Ｃ１２Ｈ２５Ｏ（Ｃ２Ｈ４Ｏ）９ＯＨ］、正庚烷、水体系形成微乳液的影响。通过四组分的拟三元相图，得到各体系的微乳区。结果表明，当醇的链长不同时，体系的微乳区的类型及面积均不同。其中，丁醇体系的微乳区面积最大，它比Ｂａｎｓａｌ－Ｓｈａｈ－Ｏ＇ｃｏｎｎｅｌ相关方程的结果少一个碳原子。     

C60（OH）x（O）y的快速制备及其水解形成C60（OH）n

Ｃ６０（ＯＨ）ｎ是Ｃ６０的多羟基化合物,又称富勒醇（Ｆｕｌｅｒｏｌｓ）,因分子中含有多个羟基而易溶于水。目前人们已发现Ｃ６０（ＯＨ）ｎ不仅在生物、医药及高分子材料等方面有许多应用前景［１］,而且在Ｃ６０（ＯＨ）ｎ的水溶液化学及电化学等理论研究方面［２...     

含茂基、烷氧墓及乙酰氧基混合配位镧系金属有机化合物的合成及表征

本文通过二茂基镧系金属氯化物Ｃｐ２ＬｎＣｌ（Ｃｐ＝Ｃ５Ｈ５；Ｌｎ＝Ｄｙ，Ｈｏ，Ｙｂ）与等摩尔的ＮａＯＡｃ（Ａｃ＝ＣＨ３ＣＯ）及烷基醇ＨＯＲ（Ｒ＝－ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＣＨ３，－ＣＨ２ＣＨ—ＣＨ２）在四氢呋喃溶剂中混合一步反应，合成了六种新的含三种不同配位基的镧系金属有机化合物．化合物的元素分析结果符合通式ＣＰＬｎ（ＯＲ）（ＯＡｃ），红外光谱显示了η５－ＣＰ、ＯＲ及ＯＡｃ基团的特征吸收峰，质谱显示了化合物的三聚碎片离子峰．基于元素分析、红外光谱及质谱数据，建议化合物可能为三聚体结构，即：［ＣｐＬｎ（ＯＲ）（ＯＡｃ）］３．     

Fast preparation of highly ordered nonsiliceous mesoporous materials via mixed inorganic precursors

Employing metal alkoxide as the main inorganic precursor and anhydrous metal chloride as the pH 'adjustor' and hydrolysis-condensation 'controller', very fast preparation of ordered nonsiliceous mesoporous materials has been demonstrated.     

Control of the Morphology of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials Elaborated by Reactive Processing Without Solvent

We study the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids in the molten state of the polymer without solvent, by reactive processing. The synthesis is based in a first step upon the crosslinking of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) through an exchange reaction between the pendant ester groups of EVA and tetrapropoxysilane (TPOS) in presence of dibutyltin oxide (DBTO) as an indispensable catalyst. Then in a second step the hydrolysis-condensation reactions of residual alkoxide groups results in silica network formation, which is covalently bonded with the organic network. An original approach was developed to correlate the evolution of the hydrolysis-condensation reactions through the assessment of propanol by gas chromatography and the evolution of the morphology through SAXS and TEM analysis. Silica-rich domains with a diameter close to 5 nm are obtained.     

TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-based nanopowders obtained from different Ti-alkoxides

Pure TiO₂ and S-doped TiO₂ sol–gel nanopowders were prepared by controlled hydrolysis-condensation of titanium alkoxides. The influence of different Ti-alkoxides (tetraethyl-, tetraisopropyl- and tetrabutyl-orthotitanate) used in obtaining TiO₂ porous materials in similar conditions (water/alkoxide ratio, solvent/alkoxide ratio, pH and temperature of reaction) has been investigated. The relationship between the synthesis conditions and the properties of titania nanosized powders, such as thermal stability, phase composition, crystallinity, morphology and size of particles, BET surface area and the influence of dopant was investigated. The nature of the alkyl group strongly influences the main characteristics of the obtained oxide powders, fact which is pointed out by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, TEM and BET surface area measurements.     

TiO2-Based Porous Materials Obtained from Gels, in Different Experimental Conditions

The gels which are precursors of TiO₂ porous materials are prepared by the controlled hydrolysis-condensation of titanium isopropoxide by polymeric method. In the present work, a study of the influence of different experimental conditions (water/alkoxide ratio, solvent/alkoxide ratio and temperature) on the structure and texture of the polymeric gels obtained with the same type of alkoxide has been investigated. The structural and textural modifications for the unsupported materials have been detected using DTA/TGA, XRD, specific surface area and pore size computerized measurements. The optical properties of the supported materials deposited on silicon wafers have been investigated using ellipsometric method. Supported and unsupported porous materials with different structure and texture have been obtained depending on different experimental and thermal treatment conditions.     

Effect of Chemical Modification on Hydrolysis and Condensation Reaction of Zirconium Alkoxide

Chemical modification effect of acetic acid was examined to control the hydrolysis and following condensation reaction of zirconium alkoxide. When acetic acid was added to zirconium alkoxide solution, acetic acid coordinated to a zirconium alkoxide to form a stable bidentate chelating compound if molar ratio of acetic acid to zirconium alkoxide (here after abbreviated as RA) was less than two. In the case of simultaneous addition of acetic acid and water into a zirconium alkoxide solution, acetic acid immediately reacted with alkoxide. Water reacted with residual functional alkoxy groups to proceed the following condensation. Changing the degree of chelating the acetic acid to a zirconium alkoxide led to the control of the hydrolysis and condensation by decreasing the alkoxy groups of zirconium alkoxide. Polymeric transparent monolithic gels could be successfully prepared in the range from RA = 1 to RA = 1.5, and from RW = 1 to RW = 1.5 (here RW means molar ratio of water to zirconium alkoxide), respectively.     

Sol-gel synthesis of TeO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-based materials using citric acid as hydrolysis modifier

Sol-gel processing of tellurium oxide has been investigated in the tellurium isopropoxide/citric acid/isopropanol/water system. As evidenced by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), citric acid has been found to be a relevant chemical modifier to control hydrolysis-condensation reactions of highly reactive tellurium isopropoxide Te(OCH(CH₃)₂)₄. Thus, depending on the main synthesis chemical parameters such as alkoxide concentration, water and modifier ratios, colloidal sols and gels have been successfully synthesised. The thermal behaviour of the dried gels has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry coupled with thermogravimetry and also FTIR spectroscopy. On the one hand, the crystallisation of the non-centrosymmetric γ-TeO₂ polymorph as well as the α-TeO₂ phase which the crystallite size ranges from a few ten nanometers (∼50 nm) to a few microns as a function of heat treatment, and, on the other hand, the synthesis of homogeneous sols which can be handled in air and so particularly suitable for the elaboration of thin films provide new opportunities for making tellurite based materials and thin film devices for practical applications.     

THE PREPARATION OF TRIALKYL PHOSPHITES DIRECTLY FROM THE ELEMENT

Abstract

The reaction between finely divided white phosphorus and several alkoxide ions in the presence of tetrachloromethane and excess of alcohol has been investigated under a variety of conditions. High yields of trialkylphosphite are obtained when two equivalents of alkoxide are used. With one equivalent of alkoxide, dialkylphosphonate is formed in comparable yield. Maximum yields of triester are obtained within 1–3 h at room temperature. Prolonged treatment results in the conversion of trialkylphosphite to phosphate by reaction with tetrachloromethane. Phenolate ions are unreactive under the same experimental conditions. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed.     

Investigation of the reaction order for nucleophilic substitution of dialkyl methylphosphonates by alkoxides

The rate of nucleophilic substitution at the phosphorus centre of dialkyl methylphosphonates by methoxide and ethoxide has been studied to investigate the possible involvement of hexacoordinated phosphorus species in this reaction. For alkoxide concentrations less than ca. 1.5 M the rate increases with the square of alkoxide concentration. However, consideration of the activity of the alkoxides, represented by an appropriate acidity function, reveals that only one equivalent of alkoxide is involved in the rate-determining step. Thus, there is no requirement to invoke the intermediacy of a hexacoordinated species in the reaction pathway. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Rhenium(VII) oxide catalyzed heteroacylative ring-opening dimerization of tetrahydrofuran

Re(2)O(7), which is known primarily as a strong oxidant, was found to be a highly selective Lewis acid catalyst that affects the heteroacylative dimerization of THF at room temperature. This multicomponent reaction, which involves THF, trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA), and a carboxylic acid, produces a nonsymmetrical diester, RCO(2)(CH(2))(4)O(CH(2))(4)OCOCF(3), in high yields. The reaction is quite general with respect to the carboxylic acid but is highly selective for unsubstituted THF in preference to other cyclic ethers. It is also highly selective for TFAA in preference to other anhydrides. Isotope labeling experiments indicate that two of the five oxygen atoms in the product originate from THF; one comes from rhenium oxide, and the two carbonyl oxygens originate from the carboxylic acid and from TFAA. The catalytic cycle, which is proposed on the basis of these experiments, involves a multistep sequence of nucleophilic attacks, starting with an attack of a rhenium oxo ligand on a coordinated THF, then attack of the resultant alkoxide ligand on a second coordinated THF, nucleophilic addition of the resultant alkoxide ligand to the coordinated carboxylic acid (an intramolecular metal-oxygen bond metathesis), and, finally, electrophilic cleavage of the other coordinated alkoxide by TFAA to produce the nonsymmetrical diester. This synthetically useful reaction highlights the unique, frequently avoided Lewis acidity of transition-metal oxides.     

Influence of synthesis conditions on the cross-link architecture of silsesquioxanes prepared by in situ water production route

The esterification reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols has been used as the source of water for the hydrolysis-condensation reactions of difunctional and trifunctional organosilanes. Diphenylsilanediol (DPDO) has been reacted with methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and the obtained products have been characterized by vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR, FT-Raman) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography. The relation between water availability from the in situ water production process (ISWP) and silsesquioxanes morphology has been evaluated in the case of DPDO/MPTMS mixtures, changing molecular features of acids and alcohols. These measurements have shown that the pK of the carboxylic acid used in the esterification reaction has a valuable influence on the silanes cross-linking ability. Acids with low pK values and heteroatoms substituents favor the silane hydrolysis and allow the growth of high molecular weight species. Using acetic acid/ethanol mixture leads to the best results for DPDO/MPTMS reaction, with a narrow distribution of silsesquioxane species. Under the same conditions, the reaction of DPDO with GPTMS produces polymeric species and only avoiding the presence of the difunctional precursor allows to limiting the silsesquioxanes species growth.