适用于HCCI燃烧的汽油替代燃料化学动力学简化模型

建立了一个适用于由正庚烷、异辛烷、甲苯和二异丁烯组成的汽油替代燃料均质压燃着火(HCCI)燃烧过程的简化机理模型, 包含103 种组分199 个反应. 二异丁烯主要通过燃料的脱氧反应消耗掉, 生成三种同分异构体, JC₈H₁₅-A、JC₈H₁₅-B和JC₈H₁₅-D; 燃料的分解反应也是二异丁烯的另外一条主要消耗路径, 生成两种重要的C₄产物, TC₄H₉和IC₄H₇. 这些产物是CH₂O的主要来源. 甲苯掺比燃料(TRF)机理主要是基于Andrae 等建立的TRF半详细机理, 甲苯和二异丁烯子机理是通过路径分析和敏感性分析得到. 简化机理能够很好地模拟激波管里的着火延迟和HCCI发动机实验, 由此可知, 本文提出的简化机理用来模拟HCCI燃烧是可靠的.     

正十二烷高温机理简化及验证

由于详细化学反应机理在模拟燃烧室燃烧时,计算量极大,很难被广泛运用。为了满足工程设计要求,采用替代燃料的简化机理进行计算不失为一种行之有效的方法。本文基于误差传播的直接关系图法和敏感性分析法对正十二烷180组分1962步高温机理(温度大于1100 K)进行简化,获得40组分234步化学反应机理。在温度为1100–1650 K,压力为0.1–4 MPa条件下,采用简化机理及详细机理对不同当量比、压力下着火延迟时间进行模拟,模拟结果与实验数据吻合得较好。通过对不同压力及温度下火焰传播速度进行模拟,验证了简化机理能够正确地反映正十二烷的燃烧特性。利用C_(12)H_(26)/OH/H_2O/CO_2等重要组分随时间变化的数据,验证了简化机理能够准确描述燃烧过程反应物消耗、基团变化、生成物产生的过程,并表明该机理具有较高的模拟精度。利用该简化机理对本生灯进行数值分析,结果表明该机理能够准确地反映火焰区温度和组分浓度的变化。紧凑的正十二烷高温简化机理不仅能够正确体现其物理化学特性,而且能够用于三维数值模拟,具有较高的工程运用价值和应用前景。     

HCCI燃烧中NO与异辛烷相互作用简化动力学模型构建与分析

为了分析废气再循环中NO对HCCI燃烧的影响,本文构建了一个新的NO与异辛烷相互作用的化学动力学机理,包括167种组分和835个反应,其中异辛烷分支反应包括112种组分和467个反应。NO分支的子机理是在Anderlohr等人对NO与异辛烷详细机理研究的基础上根据路径分析而得到的。新IC₈H₁₈-NO机理的验证分为:IC₈H₁₈分支机理验证了在激波管中温度范围为855-1269 K,压力范围为2-6 MPa,化学计量比为0.5和1.0条件下的着火延迟时间; IC₈H₁₈-NO机理验证了在HCCI发动机中NO添加浓度为0-500 × 10^-6(体积分数),同时也发现不同的NO添加浓度对IC₈H₁₈的HCCI燃烧的影响有所不同。因此,本文利用CHEMKINPRO软件中的零维单区化学动力学模型,模拟了在不同NO浓度下NO对异辛烷燃烧影响。通过敏感性分析和产率分析,得出了NO添加后对异辛烷燃烧影响的关键性反应为R476。在IC₈H₁₈燃烧初期通过R476产生活性基OH,从而体现对燃烧的促进作用。但是在NO添加浓度较大时,由于NO浓度较大结合活性基(如OH)的能力增强,进而NO对燃烧的促进作用被削弱。     

NOFBX新型绿色推进剂燃烧化学反应动力学模型

本文以具有绿色无毒、高性能、低成本等诸多优势的N_2O-C_2烃类燃料单元复合推进剂(即NOFBX)为对象,首先发展了包含52组分、325反应的燃烧化学反应机理模型。该机理不仅能够准确计算N_2O热解过程中重要组分的分布,而且能够在较宽的温度、压力、化学计量比范围内准确预测N_2O-C_2烃类燃料体系的着火延迟时间和层流火焰传播速度。鉴于本文提出的N_2O-C_2烃类燃料反应机理具有机理规模小、实验验证充分的特点,有望在NOFBX发动机的多维燃烧数值模拟中得到广泛应用。     

Implication of Sensitive Reactions to Ignition of Methyl Pentanoate: H-Abstraction Reactions by H and CH3 Radicals

Methyl pentanoate(MP) was identified as a potential candidate. To facilitate the application of MP with high efficiency in engines, a comprehensive understanding of combustion chemical kinetics of MP is necessary. In this work, the H-abstraction reactions from MP by H and CH₃ radicals, critical in controlling the initial fuel consumption, are theoretically investigated at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS(T-Q)//M06-2X/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The multistructural torsional(MS-T) anharmonicity is characterized using the dual-level MS-T method; the HF/3-21G and M06-2X/cc-pVTZ methods are chosen as the low- and high-level methods, respectively. The conventional transition state theory(TST) is employed to calculate the high-pressure limit rate constants at 298-2000 K with the Eckart tunneling correction. Our calculations indicate that the hydrogen atoms of the methylene functional group are easier to be abstracted by H and CH₃ radicals. The multistructural torsional anharmonicities of H-abstraction reactions MP+H/CH₃ are significant within the temperature range investigated. The tunneling effects are more pronounced at low temperatures, and contribute considerably to the rate constants below 500 K. The model from the work of Diévart et al. is updated with our calculations, and the simulations of the updated model are in excellent agreement with the reported ignition delay time of MP/O₂/Ar and MP/Air mixtures. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the H-abstraction reactions, MP+H=CH₃CH₂CHCH₂C(=O)OCH₃/CH₃CHCH₂CH₂C(=O)OCH₃+H₂, are critical in controlling the initial fuel consumption and ignition delay time of MP.     

煤油裂解产物/空气与煤油/空气在宽温度范围内点火延迟的对比研究

Kerosene is an ideal endothermic hydrocarbon. Its pyrolysis plays a significant role in the thermal protection for high-speed aircraft. Before it reacts, kerosene experiences thermal decomposition in the heat exchanger and produces cracked products. Thus, to use cracked kerosene instead of pure kerosene, knowledge of their ignition properties is needed. In this study, ignition delay times of cracked kerosene/air and kerosene/air were measured in a heated shock tube at temperatures of 657–1333 K, an equivalence ratio of 1.0, and pressures of 1.01 × 10⁵–10.10 × 10⁵ Pa. Ignition delay time was defined as the time interval between the arrival of the reflected shock and the occurrence of the steepest rise of excited-state CH species (CH*) emission at the sidewall measurement location. Pure helium was used as the driver gas for high-temperature measurements in which test times needed to be shorter than 1.5 ms, and tailored mixtures of He/Ar were used when test times could reach up to 15 ms. Arrhenius-type formulas for the relationship between ignition delay time and ignition conditions (temperature and pressure) were obtained by correlating the measured high-temperature data of both fuels. The results reveal that the ignition delay times of both fuels are close, and an increase in the pressure or temperature causes a decrease in the ignition delay time in the high-temperature region (> 1000 K). Both fuels exhibit similar high-temperature ignition delay properties, because they have close pressure exponents (cracked kerosene: τ_ign∝P^-0.85; kerosene:τ_ign∝P^-0.83) and global activation energies (cracked kerosene: E_a = 143.37 kJ·mol^-1; kerosene: E_a = 144.29 kJ·mol^-1). However, in the low-temperature region (< 1000 K), ignition delay characteristics are quite different. For cracked kerosene/air, while the decrease in the temperature still results in an increase in the ignition delay time, the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) of ignition delay does not occur, and the low-temperature ignition data still can be correlated by an Arrhenius-type formula with a much smaller global activation energy compared to that at high temperatures. However, for kerosene/air, this NTC phenomenon was observed, and the Arrhenius-type formula fails to correlate its low-temperature ignition data. At temperatures ranging from 830 to 1000 K, the cracked kerosene ignites faster than the kerosene; at temperatures below 830 K, kerosene ignition delay times become much shorter than those of cracked kerosene. Surrogates for cracked kerosene and kerosene are proposed based on the H/C ratio and average molecular weight in order to simulate ignition delay times for cracked kerosene/air and kerosene/air. The simulation results are in fairly good agreement with current experimental data for the two fuels at high temperatures (> 1000 K). However, in the low-temperature NTC region, the results are in very good agreement with kerosene ignition delay data but disagree with cracked kerosene ignition delay data. The comparison between experimental data and model predictions indicates that refinement of the reaction mechanisms for cracked kerosene and kerosene is needed. These test results are helpful to understand ignition properties of cracked kerosene in developing regenerative cooling technology for high-speed aircraft.     

高碳烃宽温度范围燃烧机理构建及动力学模拟

发动机中燃料点火特性以及燃烧能量的释放对于发动机设计具有非常重要的作用,为了提高燃料的燃烧效率以及减少燃料在燃烧过程中污染物的排放,基于反应动力学机理对燃料燃烧过程的模拟就显得十分必要。因此需要更加深入的认识碳氢燃料的燃烧机理,探索其在燃烧过程中十分复杂的化学反应网络。为了发展能够适用于实际燃料多工况条件(宽温度范围、宽压力范围和不同当量比)燃烧的燃烧机理,基于碳氢燃料机理自动生成程序ReaxGen构建了正癸烷燃烧详细机理(包含1499个物种,5713步反应)和正十一烷燃烧详细机理(包含1843个物种,6993步反应)。详细机理主要由小分子核心机理和高碳烃类(C5以上)机理两部分组成。为了验证机理的合理性与可靠性,本文对于高碳烃燃烧新机理在点火延时时间以及物种浓度曲线进行了动力学分析,并与实验数据及国内外同类机理进行了对比,结果表明本文提出的正癸烷和正十一烷燃烧新机理在比较宽泛的温度、压力和当量比条件下都具有较高的模拟精度,为发展精确航空煤油燃烧模型提供了基础数据。同时考虑到详细机理的复杂性以及机理分析的计算量大和时耗长,本文基于误差传播的直接关系图形(Directed Relation Graph with Error Propagation,DRGEP)方法简化得到的包含709组分2793反应的正癸烷和包含820组分3115反应的正十一烷简化机理,使用DRGEP方法时所采用的数据点选自压力范围从1.0×10~5 Pa到1.0×10~6Pa,当量比范围从0.5到2.0,初始温度范围从600到1400时恒压点火的模拟结果在点火延迟时间附近区域的抽样,同时在正癸烷机理简化中选取正癸烷、O_2和N_2作为初始预选组分,正十一烷的机理简化中主要选取正十一烷、O_2和N_2作为初始预选组分,得到的简化机理在比较宽泛的条件下的预测结果与详细机理吻合很好。最后结合敏感度分析方法分析了正癸烷和正十一烷的点火延迟敏感性,考察了机理中影响点火的关键反应。结果表明:这些机理能够合理描述正癸烷和正十一烷的自点火特性,在工程计算流体力学仿真设计中有很好的应用前景。     

A study of the sensitivity and decomposition of 1,3,5-trinitro-2-oxo-1,3,5-triazacyclo-hexane

The thermal decomposition and thermal stability of 1,3,5-trinitro-2-oxo-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (keto-RDX or K-6) was studied. The keto-RDX synthesis is described, mass spectra (electron impact (70 eV) and chemical ionization) similar to RDX spectra registered under identical conditions are presented, and mass spectroscopy fragmentation paths are proposed. The LI-MS (laser induced/mass spectroscopic) results imply that the first step in the decomposition of keto-RDX is the elimination of NO₂ or HONO and subsequent breakdown of the triazacyclohexane ring. The thermal stability, activation energy (E_a = 140 kJ mol⁻¹), and frequency factor (K₀ = 9 × 10⁹ s⁻¹) in the temperature interval 90-120°C were measured using chemiluminescence (NO detection only). The activation energy was also determined from DSC data using the ASTM method E 698-79, and was found to be 280 kJ mol⁻¹ with a frequency factor of 7.0 × 10²⁹ s⁻¹ in the temperature interval 175-200°C. Microcalorimetry, drop-weight test, friction test, and ignition temperature (Wood's metal bath) measurements were also conducted. Quantum mechanical calculations (semi-empirical method with PM3 set at the unrestricted Hartree-Fock level) were conducted to correlate the sensitivity and thermal decomposition with those of RDX. No significant differences in bond-breaking energies for RDX and keto-RDX were found. Conclusions drawn from the experiments are that the decomposition of keto-RDX is auto-catalytic, and that the sensitivity of keto-RDX is not connected with the initial bond-breaking step. More than one method for measuring the risk involved in handling an explosive is necessary since the sensitivity depends on different stages in the decomposition.     

汽油多组分表征燃料简化动力学模型的系统化构建及验证

提出了一套系统化多级机理简化策略,包含基于误差传播的直接关系图法、峰值浓度分析法、线性同分异构体集总法、主组分分析法、温度敏感性分析和产率分析法,并将其应用于汽油四组分表征燃料详细反应机理的简化,构建了适用于HCCI发动机燃烧边界下的简化机理模型,包含149个物种、414个反应。通过与激波管、快速压缩机、增压HCCI发动机实验数据的对比验证表明,新机理可以准确地预测较宽范围条件下的着火滞燃期,在HCCI发动机的单区模型计算中,该机理对缸内燃烧和排放的预测结果是令人满意的。放热率分析表明, R + O₂反应是控制中间温度区放热的关键基元反应,在高压低温下,异辛烷的放热起到决定性作用。添加2-戊烯之后,使得四组分模型相较于三组分模型更为准确,尤其是对于第一阶段着火滞燃期有显著影响,为进一步探索调和燃料组分比例控制HCCI燃烧提供了一条新思路。     

Study of baicalin scavenging hydroxyethyl peroxyl radicals by radiolysis of aerated ethanol-baicalin system

The reaction of baicalin (β- -glucopyranosiduronic acid, 5,6-dihydroxy-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl) scavenging hydroxyethyl peroxyl radicals (RO₂^.) was studied with the aid of radiolysis of aerated ethanol. Two main stable products were separated by reverse HPLC and their possible molecular structures were derived from their UV, IR and FAB-MS spectra. The dependence of G(H₂O₂), G(CH₃CHO) and G(-baicalin) on the concentration of baicalin showed that one baicalin molecule could inhibit the formation of one H₂O₂ molecule and two CH₃CHO molecules. A possible reaction mechanism between baicalin and RO₂^. radical was suggested.     

Antioxidant action of organic sulfites—II. Esters of sulfurous acid as primary antioxidants

The effect of esters of sulfurous acid as primary antioxidants was examined. Different aliphatic, aromatic, open-chain and cyclic sulfites were synthesized. The reactions of organic sulfites with RO₂ and RO radicals, the chain carriers of the autoxidation of hydrocarbons and polymers, were simulated by means of the thermal decomposition of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) in the presence of oxygen and of di-tert-butylperoxalate (DTBPO). The reactivity of organic sulfites with 2-cyanoisopropylperoxyl radicals is low. Only aromatic sulfites are able to trap peroxyl radicals; however, they are not very effective primary antioxidants. The reactions of the organic sulfites with tert-butoxyl radicals generally lead to an increase in the rate of decomposition of DTBPO, as determined from rate constants measured at 50 °C. A decomposition of DTBPO induced by liberated tert-butyl radicals in the presence of alkyl sulfites is very probable. Alkyl sulfites and aromatic sulfites with aliphatic groups act mainly as hydrogen donors in reactions with alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals.     

正十一烷/空气在宽温度范围下着火延迟的激波管研究

在加热激波管上测量了气相正十一烷/空气混合物的着火延迟时间,着火温度为宽温度范围731-1399 K,着火压力在2.02 × 10⁵和10.10 × 10⁵ Pa附近,化学计量比分别为0.5、1.0和2.0。通过监测管侧壁观测点处的反射激波压力和OH^*发射光测出着火延迟时间。实验结果显示：在910 K以上,着火延迟时间随着火温度的降低而变长,从910到780 K,着火延迟时间随着火温度的降低而变短（显示出了负温度系数效应）,在780 K以下,着火延迟时间随着火温度的降低再次变长。在所研究的压力下,着火压力的增加使着火时间变短。化学计量比对着火延迟的影响在着火压力为2.02 × 10⁵和10.10 × 10⁵ Pa时是不同的,与在高温区相比,着火延迟在低温区对化学计量比非常敏感。在整个温度范围内,当前实验结果和LLNL（LawrenceLivermore National Laboratory）机理的预测值表现出了很好的一致性。现在的正十一烷/空气的着火数据和先前实验测量的正庚烷/空气、正癸烷/空气和正十二烷/空气的着火延迟时间相比较显示了着火延迟时间随着直链烷碳原子数的增加而减小。敏感度分析显示,高、低温条件下影响正十一烷着火延迟过程的反应是显著不同的。在高温条件下起最大促进作用的反应是H + O₂=O+OH,然而在低温条件下,起最大促进作用的反应是过氧十一烷基（C₁₁H₂₃O₂）的异构化反应。本文研究首次提供了正十一烷/空气的激波管着火延迟时间。     

八硝基立方烷高温热分解分子动力学模拟

随着对高能量密度材料的性能要求不断提高,新型高能量密度材料成为近期研究热点,其中八硝基立方烷(ONC)由于其优越的性能成为其中典型的代表,然而关于八硝基立方烷热分解的动力学机理研究比较少。本文采用ReaxFF反应力场模拟高温条件下凝聚相八硝基立方烷初始热分解过程。研究发现热分解过程中八硝基立方烷笼状骨架结构中C-C键最先发生断裂,并逐步破坏形成八硝基环辛烯等,随后出现NO₂和O等,计算结果表明笼状骨架结构的破坏存在三种不同路径。八硝基立方烷在高温条件下热分解的主要产物有NO₂、O₂、CO₂、N₂、NO₃、NO、CNO以及CO等,其中N₂和CO₂是终态产物,不同温度对产物均产生不同程度的影响。     

适用于HCCI的生物柴油替代混合物简化机理的构建及验证

A simplified mechanism of methyl decanoate and n-heptane blend was developed for a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine built from a previously reported detailed mechanism of a methyl decanoate and n-heptane. The simplified mechanism with 113 species and 306 reactions was developed using path flux and temperature sensitivity analyses. The simplified mechanism was validated against the experimental data of ignition delay time, in-cylinder pressure, and CO emissions. Results show that the simplified mechanism not only coincides with the ignition delay time of the methyl decanoate and n-heptane, but also the CO emissions, and can reproduce the variation of in-cylinder pressure. The simplified mechanism can be further validated by comparison with the detailed mechanism, which shows that the simplified mechanism can coincide with the in-cylinder pressure and temperature, and can reproduce the variation tendency of the core components. Thus, the reduced mechanism is a reasonable one.     

基于激波管装置的乙烯氧化实验研究与动力学机理分析

在乙烯/氧气化学计量比为1,温度1092-1743 K,压力1.3-3.0 atm (1 atm = 101325 Pa)范围内,利用激波管测量了在摩尔分数为96%和75%两种不同氩气稀释度工况下的乙烯/氧气/氩气反应体系的着火延迟时间。实验结果表明,乙烯着火延迟时间在低稀释度下比高稀释度下短,着火延迟时间的对数与温度的倒数成良好线性关系,随着温度增加着火延迟时间缩短。此外,低稀释度下,能观察到爆轰(或者爆燃转爆轰)现象,而在高稀释度下,未发生爆轰现象。将四种不同机理模拟结果与实验结果比较,发现LLNL机理与实验结果吻合得较好。反应路径分析研究表明,稀释度对乙烯氧化反应路径无影响,而温度影响较大,温度增加,乙烯消耗路径由四条减少为三条,反应C₂H₄ + H (+ M) = C₂H₅ (+ M)由正向消耗乙烯变为逆向生成乙烯。     

十氢萘/空气混合物高温着火延迟的激波管测量

在激波管上进行了气相十氢萘/空气混合物的着火延迟测量, 着火温度为950-1395 K, 着火压力为1.82×10⁵-16.56×10⁵ Pa, 化学计量比分别为0.5、1.0 和2.0. 在侧窗处利用反射激波压力和CH^*发射光来测出着火延迟时间. 系统研究了着火温度、着火压力和化学计量比对十氢萘着火延迟时间的影响. 实验结果显示着火温度和着火压力的升高均会缩短着火延迟时间. 首次在相对高和低压的条件下观察到了化学计量比对十氢萘着火延迟的影响是完全相反的. 当压力为15.15×10⁵ Pa时, 富油混合物呈现出最短的着火延迟时间, 而贫油混合物的着火延迟时间却是最长的. 相反, 当压力为2.02×10⁵ Pa时, 富油混合物的着火延迟时间最长. 着火延迟数据与已有的动力学机理的预测值进行对比, 结果显示机理在所有的实验条件下均很好地预测了实验着火延时趋势. 为了探明化学计量比对着火延迟时间影响的本质, 对高、低压条件下的着火延时进行了敏感度分析.结果显示, 压力为2.02×10⁵ Pa时, 控制着火延迟的关键反应为H+O₂=OH+O, 而涉及十氢萘及其相应自由基的反应在15.15×10⁵ Pa时对着火延迟起主要作用.     

Synthesis and Thermal Properties of Three Energetic Ion Salts of 3,6-Bis[(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-amino]-1,2,4,5-tetrazine

Three energetic ion salts of 3,6-bis[(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-amino]-1,2,4,5-tetrazine(BTATz), namely, methylamine salt(compound 1), ethylenediamine salt(compound 2), and diethylamine salt(compound 3), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and ^13C NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of compound 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and structural analysis revealed that it belonged to the monoclinic system with P21/c space group. In addition, the thermal behavior of the three compounds was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry techniques. The thermal decomposition peak temperatures of the compounds were 574.89, 545.60, and 606.72 K, indicating that the three ion salts exhibited good thermal stability. Tlie kinetic mechanism equations of the main decomposition process and the entropy of activation(△S^≠), enthalpy of activation(△H^≠), and Gibbs free energy of activation(△G^≠) of the three compounds were also obtained. Moreover, the thermal safety of the compounds was evaluated by the values of the self^accelerated decomposition temperature(Tsadt)5 thermal ignition temperature(TTIT), and critical temperature of thermal explosion(7b). The results showed that all the compounds demonstrated good thermal safety, and the thermal safety of compound 3 was better than that of the others.     

异辛烷/正庚烷/乙醇三组分燃料着火的化学动力学模型

提出一个包括异辛烷、正庚烷和乙醇的三组分燃料的着火动力学模型, 该机理包括50 个组分和193 个反应. 通过路径分析和灵敏度分析, 给出了基础燃料在高低温条件下的不同反应路径和影响氧化过程的重要基元反应. 该机理预测的单组分(异辛烷、正庚烷、乙醇)燃料、双组分基础燃料和三组分燃料的点火延迟时间与实验值有很高一致性. 本文机理包含较少的组分数与反应数, 因而可适用汽油掺烧乙醇的多维计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟.     

CL-20热分解反应机理的ReaxFF分子动力学模拟

为探究固相CL-20热分解反应机理,本文采用反应分子动力学ReaxFF MD模拟研究了含有128个CL-20分子的超胞模型在800–3000 K温度下的热分解过程。借助作者所在课题组研发的反应分析及可视化工具VARxMD得到了热分解过程中多种反应中间物和较为全面的反应路径。氮氧化物是CL-20初始分解的主要中间产物,其中NO₂是数量最多的初始分解产物,观察到的中间物NO₃的生成量仅次于NO₂。统计CL-20初始分解的所有反应后发现,在所有考察温度下CL-20初始分解路径主要是N―NO₂断裂反应和C―N键断裂引起开环的单分子反应路径。N―NO₂断裂反应数量在高温下显著增多,而C―N键断裂引起的开环反应数量随温度升高变化不大。在低温热分解模拟中还观察到CL-20初始分解阶段生成的NO₂会发生双分子反应—从CL-20分子中夺氧生成NO₃。对CL-20热分解过程中环结构演化进行分析后发现,CL-20分解的早期反应中间物主要为具有3元或2元稠环结构的吡嗪衍生物,随后它们会分解形成单环吡嗪。吡嗪六元环结构在热分解过程中非常稳定,这一模拟结果支持Py-GC/MS实验中提出吡嗪存在的结论。CL-20中的咪唑五元环结构相对不稳定,在热分解过程中会发生开环分解而较早消失。由ReaxFF MD模拟得到的3000 K高温热分解产物N₂,H₂O,CO₂和H₂的数量与爆轰实验的测量结果定量吻合。本文获得的对CL-20热分解机理的认识表明ReaxFF MD结合VARxMD有可能为深入了解热刺激下含能材料复杂化学过程提供一种有前景的方法。     

甲基肼/四氧化二氮反应化学动力学模型构建及分析

甲基肼(MMH)和四氧化二氮(NTO)是常用的液体火箭发动机推进剂,但目前对其反应机理的研究还十分有限.本文首先构建了一个包含23种组分和20个基元反应的MMH/NTO反应动力学模型;对MMH/NTO自燃着火过程进行的验证计算表明,该机理能够合理地描述MMH/NTO的自燃温升过程,准确预测反应物系统的着火延迟时间及平衡温度,并能合理地反映MMH/NTO反应物系统着火延迟时间对反应初始压力以及氧燃比的依赖关系;通过灵敏度分析方法指出了影响MMH/NTO着火过程的关键反应.模拟分析了在不同压力和氧燃比条件下MMH/NTO系统的自燃温升过程,结果表明,随着压力的升高,系统着火延迟时间变短,平衡温度升高;在一定范围内增大氧燃比,着火延迟时间变长,平衡温度先升高后减小.