竹纤维/聚丙烯复合材料界面相容性研究进展

竹纤维具有密度低、强度高、价格低和可再生等优点,是工程结构材料中的理想增强材料。以竹纤维增强聚丙烯是目前制备高性能聚丙烯复合材料的研究热点,也是可持续发展的重要方向之一。为得到高性能的复合材料,需要对竹纤维和聚丙烯基体界面进行处理。本文综述了改善竹纤维与聚丙烯基体界面相容性的三种方法,包括竹纤维的表面改性、聚丙烯基体的改性和添加第三组分,指出了三种方法的优缺点,并展望了提高竹纤维/聚丙烯复合材料界面相容性的研究方向。     

PBAT改性及其发泡材料的研究进展

聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)是一种生物降解脂肪族-芳香族线形共聚酯，采用PBAT为基体制备的发泡材料具有重量轻、孔隙率高、柔韧性好、高效吸能和隔热以及优异的可生物降解性和生物相容性等特点，在包装、运输、航空航天、生物医药等领域有很大的应用前景。针对PBAT发泡过程中熔体强度较低、加工温度窗口窄的缺点，本论文对近些年来关于PBAT改性方法和发泡技术的研究进行了详细介绍，并阐述了PBAT发泡材料的结构特点及其制备方法，重点对比了不同的改性方法对发泡性能的调控，以期为PBAT发泡材料的进一步研究提供参考。     

聚丙烯/无机纳米粒子复合材料的发泡行为

利用型腔体积可控注塑发泡装备制备聚丙烯/无机纳米粒子微发泡复合材料,通过复合材料的流变行为和结晶行为,分析了无机纳米粒子对聚丙烯发泡行为的影响。结果表明:无机纳米粒子有促进气泡异相成核作用,同时无机纳米粒子引入可以提高聚丙烯黏弹响应和降温结晶起始温度,起到了抑制泡孔结构恶化的作用,显著改善了聚丙烯的泡孔结构;在聚丙烯材料中添加纳米CaCO3、纳米OMMT、纳米SiO2进行发泡,以PP/OMMT发泡材料的发泡质量最理想,其泡孔密度和尺寸分别为2×106个/cm3和24.2μm。     

开孔型聚合物微发泡材料制备技术

微发泡塑料是上世纪 80年代以后出现的一种新型材料 ,其特点是孔径小 (一般在 1 0 μm以下 ) ,分布均匀 ,泡孔密度非常高 (一般大于 1 0 9个 /cm3 )。目前微发泡塑料制备技术已经比较成熟 ,也得到了不同类型的商业化制品。聚合物微孔材料是一种功能性材料 ,相互连通的微观孔洞结构使其具有相当广泛的应用。本文介绍了目前几种微孔材料成型的主要方法 ,讨论了微发泡成型技术用于制备开孔型微发泡材料的必要性。对几种关于开孔型聚合物微发泡材料制备技术及研究方法进行了探讨 ,其分别是不相容聚合物共混、泡孔合并模型、熔融挤出发泡、开孔剂法和气体浓度阈 (值 )等方法。这些方法的微孔成型机理各不相同 ,所制备的材料微观结构也各有特点。文献分析表明微发泡方法用于开孔型微孔材料的制备是一种非常有前景的技术。     

提高聚丙烯熔体强度的研究进展

熔融状态下聚丙烯的熔体强度对其发泡效果有着举足轻重的作用,高熔体强度有利于聚丙烯的热成型,从而得到优质的发泡材料。本文综述了聚丙烯泡沫塑料的特点、性能及聚丙烯熔体强度较低对发泡过程的影响,分别从共混改性法、交联改性法、填充改性法这三种提高聚丙烯发泡性能的途径上对目前国内外致力于聚丙烯熔体强度的研究进展进行了重点介绍,指出聚丙烯化学交联改性与共混改性、共聚改性等方法并用乃是改善聚丙烯发泡性能的重点及热点。     

超临界流体制备聚乳酸发泡材料的研究进展

石油基聚合物如聚苯乙烯等发泡材料因其质轻及优异的性能而受到广泛的应用。但是,石油基聚合物在自然环境条件下难以降解,存在"白色污染"的问题。因此,亟需开发绿色环境友好的聚合物发泡材料来代替石油基聚合物发泡材料。聚乳酸(PLA)是一种以可再生资源为原料的绿色高分子聚合物,因其具有完全生物可降解性,得到越来越多的关注。PLA具有良好的加工性能及力学性能,将其制备成轻量化的发泡材料会赋予其良好的吸音、隔热以及缓冲性能,是取代石油类聚合物的理想生物基聚合物,可以应用在包装、建筑、餐具以及组织支架等领域。PLA的熔体由于强度低、结晶速率慢,难以制备成泡孔分布均匀、膨胀倍率高的PLA发泡材料。为此,本文综述了近年来围绕改善PLA发泡行为的研究进展,包括利用不同超临界流体发泡技术制备PLA发泡材料、PLA发泡材料的改性方法、力学性能的影响因素及其不断拓宽的应用领域。     

高熔体强度聚丙烯及发泡珠粒的制备与研究

使用直接聚合法制备了具有宽分子量分布的高熔体强度聚丙烯。利用反应釜浸渍法,以上述高熔体强度聚丙烯为基础树脂可以制备聚丙烯发泡珠粒。利用扫描电子显微镜和熔体强度测试仪考察了聚丙烯发泡珠粒的制备工艺及基础树脂的熔体强度对泡孔结构的影响。结果表明,与普通商业化聚丙烯如T30S相比,较高的熔体强度有利于泡孔结构的控制。     

尼龙6微孔发泡材料的制备及泡孔形貌调控

本文利用共混改性方法得到高熔体强度尼龙6基体,通过探索不同的工艺条件,获得不同倍率的尼龙6发泡材料,系统研究不同离聚体改性剂比例下对其熔体强度的影响.通过热性能测试和流变测试推测了其中微交联结构的存在.通过调节发泡工艺制备不同发泡倍率的尼龙6发泡材料,用扫描电镜(SEM)观测泡孔形貌.结果 表明,离聚体的加入大大提升尼龙6基体的熔体强度,实现了尼龙6超临界二氧化碳发泡的可能性,并获得了较大倍率的尼龙发泡材料.     

无机粉体对微发泡聚丙烯复合材料力学行为的影响

通过改性的不同形状（针状MgSO4晶须、片状云母粉、球形状SiO2）无机粉体材料,以5％含量加入到聚丙烯中,在二次开模条件下制备微发泡PP复合材料;测定PP／无机粉体材料复合体系接触角,联合粘接理论计算液-固界面的黏附功;以异相成核理论和填充增强机理为基础,分析了不同形状的无机粉体材料对微发泡PP材料力学行为的影响规律...     

微生物发酵诱导多孔材料: 制备方法和应用

微生物发酵作为一种新的制备多孔材料的方式, 将微生物发酵工程与发泡工程有机结合起来, 克服了传统制备方法需要特殊设备、 操作复杂、 后处理繁琐、 化学药品污染和成本昂贵等缺点, 受到了广泛关注.本文基于微生物发酵多孔材料的研究, 围绕多孔材料的定义和多孔水凝胶的分类及制备方式进行总结.针对微生物发酵诱导制备多孔材料的制备方法, 综合评述了该方法在染料吸附、 海水蒸发脱盐、 电磁屏蔽以及制备新型功能性生物材料等方面的应用.最后, 对微生物诱导制备多孔材料的未来发展进行了展望.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.