花生状碳酸钡粒子的制备与表征

本文以BaCl2·2H2O和Na2CO3为原料,采用共沉淀法合成了碳酸钡粒子.通过添加合适的晶形控制剂,选择合适的用量,合成了花生状的碳酸钡粒子,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行了表征,结果表明:当控制剂WHB-1用量在85;以上时,生成的花生状碳酸钡粒子为正交晶系,粒度分布均匀,在500nm左右,且粒子分散性良好,几乎没有团聚现象.并对花生状碳酸钡粒子的形成机理进行了初步的探讨.     

不同晶形超细碳酸钡粒子的制备研究

本文分别采用均相沉淀法和共沉淀法合成了碳酸钡粒子.通过添加合适的晶形控制剂,合成了线状、柱状和球状等不同晶形的碳酸钡粉体,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行了表征,并对不同晶形碳酸钡的形成机理进行了初步的探讨.     

乙二胺四乙酸对碳酸钡粒子形貌影响的研究

以硝酸钡和碳酸铵为原料,采用共沉淀法,通过添加和控制乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)用量,制备出哑铃状、球状和圆柱状等不同形貌的碳酸钡粒子.采用TG/SDTA、SEM 、FT-IR和XRD等对产品进行分析与表征,结果表明:不同形貌碳酸钡粒子均属正交晶系,粒子分布均匀,粒度较小,形貌完整.同时对形貌控制机理进行了初步分析.     

EDTA对超临界二氧化碳法制备碳酸钡粒子形貌影响的研究

以氢氧化钡和二氧化碳气体为原料,采用超临界二氧化碳法,通过添加乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)并控制其用量,制备出柱状、棒状、椭球状和球状等不同形貌的碳酸钡颗粒.采用TG/SDTA、SEM、XRD和FT-IR等对产品进行分析与表征,结果表明:不同形貌碳酸钡粒子均属于正交晶系.同时对EDTA形貌控制机理进行了初步分析.     

熔盐法制备针状莫来石晶体的研究

本文采用Al2(SO4)3·18H2O和SiO2为原料,以K2SO4,Na2SO4为熔盐,用熔盐法合成了针状莫来石晶体.研究了不同合成温度、熔盐用量和保温时间对合成莫来石晶体的影响,分析了熔盐法合成针状莫来石的反应机理.研究结果表明:以K2SO4为熔盐,熔盐与反应物总量质量比为1: 1,合成温度为1000 ℃,保温时间为3 h时可以合成针状莫来石晶体,针状莫来石的生成符合L-S液固生长机理.     

系列哑铃形BaCO3晶体的制备

以氯化钡、尿素、氢氧化钠和乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)为原料,通过络合与均相沉淀法成功合成一系列哑铃形碳酸钡晶体,并采用XRD、SEM、SAED和FT-IR对样品进行了表征.结果表明:添加EDTA对碳酸钡晶形有显著影响,随EDTA浓度变化,可得到一系列哑铃型碳酸钡晶体.反应时间和pH值对晶形也有一定影响.研究表明在EDTA浓度为0.025 mol/L,反应时间为5 min,水浴温度为95 ℃,pH=14条件下,制得的哑铃形碳酸钡粒子为亚微米级多晶,具有纯度高,分散性好,晶形完整均一的特点.     

柠檬酸钠作用下碳酸钙的制备

选取柠檬酸钠(Na3C6H5O7)为碳酸钙生长的控制剂,通过气体扩散的方法仿生合成了不同形貌的碳酸钙,并考察矿化时间对碳酸钙晶型和形貌的调控作用.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)以及X射线衍射(XRD)对所得产物进行了表征.结果表明,随着矿化时间的改变所得碳酸钙粒子的形貌发生了显著的变化,出现哑铃状、高尔夫球状、球状等形貌.     

聚合物与表面活性剂混合模板调控碳酸钙结晶

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSSS)分别与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)组成混合模板,在CaCl2、Na2CO3体系中调控合成CaCO3晶体.考察了不同CTAB浓度及结晶温度对碳酸钙晶体的影响.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)及X射线衍射(XRD)等技术对晶体的形貌和结构进行了表征,并对不同形貌碳酸钙的形成机理进行了探讨.结果表明:在PVA和CTAB模板中,5℃为方解石椭球状聚集体,25℃时为菊花状、立方状的方解石和球霰石的混晶,90℃时得到针状文石晶簇.以PSSS和CTAB模板调控下的碳酸钙,5℃时为球状的方解石和球霰石的混晶,25℃为颗粒均匀的球形球霰石,90℃时得到了花朵状文石.不同形貌及晶型碳酸钙的生成源自聚合物与CTAB组成复合物结构的差异.     

Ti,Fe离子掺杂对水热法合成蓝宝石晶体的影响

本文研究了掺杂Fe、Ti离子对水热条件下合成α-Al2O3晶体的颜色和晶体形态的影响.在较低温度(430℃)和较低压力(40MPa)下合成出了蓝色刚玉晶体.在未掺入其他的离子时,水热反应生成透明α-Al2O3六棱柱形晶体.当在反应介质中加入FeSO4*7H2O时,水热反应生成黑色α-Al2O3晶体,晶体呈六棱柱体.加入FeSO4*7H2O和TiCl3时,生成的蓝色宝石晶体显露高指数晶面,晶体长度300μm,另外还生成大量的薄水铝石晶片.加入FeSO4*7H2O和TiCl4时,蓝宝石晶体显露底面{0001},柱面{1120},和菱面{1123},最大的孪晶长度为200μm,最小的晶粒只有2μm;同样有大量的薄水铝石晶片生成,还伴生有少量针状TiO2金红石晶体.     

一维Sm2O3纳米晶的可控合成及其光学性能研究

以有机碱二乙烯三胺(EDTA)为碱源,Sm(NO3)3·6H2O为钐源,在不同模板剂辅助条件下采用水热-热处理相结合的方法进行Sm2O3纳米晶的可控合成.利用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和Lambda 950分光光度计分别对产物的物相、形貌和光学性能进行表征,并研究了未添加模板剂和分别以六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂条件下对产物的物相、形貌及光学性能的影响.结果表明:以HMTA为模板剂条件下得到了长条状结构的Sm2O3纳米晶,未添加模板剂和分别以PVP和CTAB为模板剂条件下得到了尺寸可控的棒状结构的Sm2O3纳米晶.不同模板剂会影响产物的微观结构及尺寸,进而对其光学性能产生有较大的影响,其中以HMTA为模板剂时所得长条状结构的Sm2O3纳米晶的禁带宽度较小为4.775 eV.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.     

Molecular structure and crystal packing of uncomplexed 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C22H18N4O2

The X-ray crystal structure of 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C₂₂H₁₈N₄O₂, is determined. The crystal packing is dominated by phenyl stacking interactions. Weak C–H···N hydrogen bonds help align the molecules. C–H··· hydrogen bonding is not apparent.     

Structural and electrical properties of vapour phase grown Cd1 − xFexTe single crystals

Cd_1 − xFe_xTe single crystals were prepared by vapour phase growth method in the composition range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03. Chemical analysis, surface morphology, structural investigations and electrical properties were carried out by EDAX, SEM, XRD, TEM and transport technique, respectively. Microscopic variations between the target and actual compositions were noticed. Morphology studies revealed that dislocation aided growth is active in the present crystals. TEM and XRD studies confirmed that the samples of all compositions crystallized in zinc blende structure, and the lattice parameters varied almost linearly decreases with Fe content. At room temperature, the resistivity of the Cd_1 − xFe_xTe crystals of all compositions (x = 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.03) lies in the range of 3.5-6.5 M Ω, the activation energies lie in the range of 63-133 meV, and the samples were show the ‘p’ type conductivity.     

空位浓度对纤锌矿CdS电子结构和光学性质影响的第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法,采用第一性原理研究了含Cd空位缺陷CdS和含S空位缺陷纤锌矿CdS的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度及光学性质。通过计算分析可知,含Cd空位缺陷的CdS体系均为p型半导体,含S空位缺陷的CdS体系跃迁方式均由直接跃迁变为间接跃迁。Cd、S空位缺陷的CdS体系的态密度总能量降低。空位CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系的静介电常数均有提高,并随着空位浓度的增大而增大,Cd空位缺陷体系更为明显,极化能力得到显著提升。空位Cd的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在红外波段存在明显的吸收,空位S的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在可见光波段存在明显的吸收。