熔盐法制备片状Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18晶体

以分析纯Bi2O3、Na2CO3和Nb2O5为原料,以NaCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法合成出片状Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18(简称BNN5)晶体.研究了合成温度、保温时间和熔盐含量对BNN5晶体形貌的影响.结果表明:随着合成温度的提高、保温时间的延长和熔盐含量的增加,BNN5粉体的尺寸逐渐增大.当熔盐与总反应物的质量比为1:1,在1100 ℃下保温3 h时,可以制备出片状的BNN5晶体,其边长为12～24 μm,厚度为0.5～2 μm,有望成为外延生长<001> NaNbO3片状晶体的理想模板.     

熔盐法制备铌酸钾钠粉体的研究

以分析纯Na_2CO_3,K_2CO_3和Nb_2O_5为原料,以Na_2CO_3-K_2CO_3(摩尔比1: 1)为熔盐,采用熔盐法在700～850 ℃保温4 h合成了Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_3粉体.研究了合成温度、熔盐含量对粉体形貌的影响.XRD分析结果表明:通过熔盐法可以在700 ℃下合成纯钙钛矿结构的Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_3粉体;SEM分析显示:随着合成温度的升高,粉体形貌从圆球状转变为立方状,进一步提高合成温度,粉体形貌开始变得不规则;此外,合成粉体的尺寸随着熔盐含量的增加而增大,且粉体团聚现象明显减弱.以熔盐法合成的Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_3粉体为原料,采用传统固相烧结法制备Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_3陶瓷,经1060 ℃烧结后,Na_(0.5)K_(0.5)NbO_3陶瓷具有优异的压电性能和介电性能,其中压电常数d_(33) =124 pC/N,介电常数ε_(33)~T/ε_0 = 345,居里温度T_c 达 402 ℃.     

熔盐法合成SrBi2Nb2O9粉体

以分析纯的Bi2O3,Nb2O5 和 SrCO3为原料,以KCl和NaCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法在800～1000 ℃合成了片状SrBi2Nb2O9粉体.研究了熔盐含量及合成温度对晶体定向生长和粉体形貌的影响.结果表明:与固相法相比,熔盐法是一种有效的晶粒定向生长的方法.制备的粉体呈明显的片状和高度的各向异性,且无团聚现象产生.沿(00l)面择优生长适合的熔盐含量为60;质量分数,随着熔盐含量的增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大.合成温度在900 ℃为最优,可获得较大尺寸和高度各向异性的SrBi2Nb2O9粉体.     

拓扑化学法制备棒状(KxNa1-x)NbO3粉体

以Na2CO3、K2CO3、Nb2O5和KCl为原料,采用拓扑化学反应法合成出一维方向生长钙钛矿结构的棒状KxNa1-x NbO3 (KNN)粉体.首先采用熔盐法合成出棒状的前驱体K2Nb8O21晶体,系统研究了Nb2O5与KCl的起始质量比、合成温度对kNb8O21晶体显微结构和形貌的影响,研究发现当Nb2O5与KCl的质量比为3/8,850℃下保温3h可以获得长度为80～100 μm,直径为3～8 μm的棒状K2Nb8O21晶体,且晶体沿[100]方向生长;然后以棒状的前驱体K2Nb8O21为模板晶粒,采用拓扑化学反应法制备出棒状KNN晶体,研究了Na2 CO3的添加量、烧成温度和保温时间对棒状KNN晶体显微结构和形貌的影响.结果表明:添加过量10wt;的Na2CO3,在900℃下保温3h可以获得沿[001]方向生长的棒状KNN晶体,其中K/Na =47.31/52.69,接近1/1,其长度和宽度分别为30 ～ 50 μm和2～6 μm.     

熔盐法制备掺钕榍石

以CaCO3、TiO2、SiO2为基础原料,硫酸盐作为熔剂,采用熔盐法合成了榍石及掺钕榍石粉体.借助XRD和SEM研究了不同反应温度、料盐比及掺杂对反应过程及反应物相组成的影响结果:控制Na2SO4∶K2SO4摩尔比为1∶1,原料质量与熔盐比为1∶1 ～2,在950～ 1000℃可以实现榍石及其掺钕榍石的合成.对掺钕榍石,在不引入铝离子做电价补偿时,物相以榍石为主,含有少量钙钛矿相;引入铝离子做电价补偿时,物相主要以榍石和钙钛矿相形式存在,引入铝离子不利于掺钕榍石的形成.     

硫酸钾熔盐法微硅粉制备莫来石晶须研究

以微硅粉和Al2(SO4)3为反应物料,硫酸钾为熔盐介质,分别在800℃、900℃、1000℃和1100℃下煅烧并保温1h,溶解、过滤、烘干后得到白色疏松状莫来石粉体.利用XRD和SEM对合成粉体进行物相分析和显微形貌观察.结果表明:1000℃为合成莫来石最佳温度,合成的莫来石晶须直径为0.1 ～0.8 μm,长度为4～5 μm.同时对莫来石晶须的形成机理进行了探讨.     

熔盐法制备高性能铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷

用熔盐法合成铌酸钾钠(Na0.52K0.48NbO3,N52K48N)陶瓷粉体,用传统固相烧结工艺制备N52K48N陶瓷.研究了熔盐含量和烧结温度对N52K48N陶瓷粉体及其所制备陶瓷的相结构、微观形貌及电学性能的影响.结果发现,熔盐法在750℃就合成了单一钙钛矿结构的N52K48N陶瓷粉体;随熔盐含量增加,N52K48N陶瓷粉体粒径增大,粉体团聚现象明显减弱.当熔盐与反应物质量之比为1∶5,烧结温度T=1050℃时,所制备的N52K48N陶瓷具有优异的电学性能:压电常数d33=137 pC/N,机电耦合系数kp=32.6;,居里温度Tc=410℃,表明熔盐法是一种很有前途的铌酸钾钠陶瓷制备方法.     

熔盐用量对Bi3NbTiO9粉体合成的影响

采用氯化钠作为熔盐,利用熔盐法合成Bi3NbTiO9(BNTO)粉体,采用SEM和XRD研究了熔盐用量对粉体合成温度和粉体的形貌特征的影响.研究结果表明:熔盐用量对粉体合成温度以及形貌有很大影响.当熔盐和原料比例超过4: 1时,粉体颗粒尺寸明显增加,形貌呈现典型的四方片状,而且在相同条件下增大熔盐比例可以避免杂相生成.     

含钛电炉熔分渣浸出废液合成莫来石晶须及热稳定性研究

通过共沉淀-熔盐法成功地用含钛电炉熔分渣浸出废液制备出了高附加值的莫来石晶须.通过对反应原料Al/Si(摩尔比)、煅烧温度、保温时间等因素的系统研究,确定了合成莫来石晶须的最佳条件,即在Al/Si为3,煅烧温度为950℃,保温时间为5h条件下,制备出了结晶性好、尺寸均一及热稳定性能较好的莫来石晶须,其直径在20～150 nm,长度在0.5～1.5 μm,长径比大于10,莫来石晶体的生长方向平行于[001]方向,沿c轴方向生长.在最优条件下制备出的晶须能在较宽的范围内(室温～ 1000℃)下保持较好的热稳定性.     

两步熔盐法制备片状NaNbO3晶体

以分析纯Bi2O3、Na2CO3和Nb2O5为原料,采用两步熔盐法合成出片状NaNbO3.首先以NaCl为熔盐,在1100 ℃保温3 h合成出片状中间体Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18(简称BNN5)晶粒;然后以BNN5为模板晶粒,以NaCl为熔盐,在950 ℃保温3 h制备出片状NaNbO3.通过XRD和SEM分析表明:所制备的NaNbO3晶体为纯钙钛矿相,NaNbO3晶粒呈各向异性片状,其边长约为12 μm,厚约为0.6 μm,并探讨了BNN5转变为片状形貌NaNbO3形成机理.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.     

Molecular structure and crystal packing of uncomplexed 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C22H18N4O2

The X-ray crystal structure of 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C₂₂H₁₈N₄O₂, is determined. The crystal packing is dominated by phenyl stacking interactions. Weak C–H···N hydrogen bonds help align the molecules. C–H··· hydrogen bonding is not apparent.     

Structural and electrical properties of vapour phase grown Cd1 − xFexTe single crystals

Cd_1 − xFe_xTe single crystals were prepared by vapour phase growth method in the composition range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03. Chemical analysis, surface morphology, structural investigations and electrical properties were carried out by EDAX, SEM, XRD, TEM and transport technique, respectively. Microscopic variations between the target and actual compositions were noticed. Morphology studies revealed that dislocation aided growth is active in the present crystals. TEM and XRD studies confirmed that the samples of all compositions crystallized in zinc blende structure, and the lattice parameters varied almost linearly decreases with Fe content. At room temperature, the resistivity of the Cd_1 − xFe_xTe crystals of all compositions (x = 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.03) lies in the range of 3.5-6.5 M Ω, the activation energies lie in the range of 63-133 meV, and the samples were show the ‘p’ type conductivity.     

空位浓度对纤锌矿CdS电子结构和光学性质影响的第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法,采用第一性原理研究了含Cd空位缺陷CdS和含S空位缺陷纤锌矿CdS的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度及光学性质。通过计算分析可知,含Cd空位缺陷的CdS体系均为p型半导体,含S空位缺陷的CdS体系跃迁方式均由直接跃迁变为间接跃迁。Cd、S空位缺陷的CdS体系的态密度总能量降低。空位CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系的静介电常数均有提高,并随着空位浓度的增大而增大,Cd空位缺陷体系更为明显,极化能力得到显著提升。空位Cd的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在红外波段存在明显的吸收,空位S的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在可见光波段存在明显的吸收。