LaMgAl11O19-Al2O3复相陶瓷的制备及其力学性能的研究

以板片状结构的LaMgAl11O19作为第二相来对Al2O3陶瓷进行增韧补强,采用无压烧结工艺在1650℃下保温4 h制备了LaMgAl11O19-Al2O3复相陶瓷,研究了LaMgAl11O19的添加量对LaMgAl11O19-Al2O3复相陶瓷的物相组成、体积密度和力学性能的影响,并结合复相陶瓷试样断面的SEM照片分析了其强韧化机理。研究表明,添加一定量的LaMgAl11O19后,LaMgAl11O19-Al2O3复相陶瓷材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性均有明显提高,当添加LaMgAl11O19的质量分数为10%时,LaMgAl11O19-Al2O3复相陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为321 MPa和5.03 MPa.m1/2,其中片状晶的拔出效应、裂纹偏转作用以及裂纹分支等增韧机制发挥了主导作用。     

力学性能对B4C/TiB2基陶瓷喷嘴抗冲蚀特性的影响

采用压痕断裂力学研究了B4C/TiB2基陶瓷喷嘴(B4C/TiB2/Mo和B4C/TiB2/Al2O3)力学性能对抗冲蚀特性的影响,从力学的角度分析了采用SiC磨料和Al2O3磨料时,B4C/TiB2基陶瓷喷嘴抗冲蚀特性产生显著差异的原因.结果表明,B4C/TiB2基陶瓷喷嘴的体积冲蚀磨损率随lnH和lnKIC增加呈线性降低;ln(Hp/H)＝1.1是B4C/TiB2基陶瓷喷嘴软硬颗粒磨损的分界线.当使用SiC作为磨料时冲蚀磨损较为严重,因为ln(Hp/H)>1.1,即SiC对于B4C/TiB2基陶瓷喷嘴的冲蚀磨损为硬颗粒磨损;而Al2O3磨料造成冲蚀磨损较轻,因为ln(Hp/H)<1.1,此时的磨损属于软颗粒磨损.     

Yb2 O3含量对ZTA陶瓷相组成、微观结构及力学性能的影响

采用阿基米德排水法、三点弯曲法、单边切口梁法、扫描电子显微镜( SEM)及X射线衍射( XRD)分析手段和设备,研究了不同含量的Yb2 O3对ZTA的相组成、微观结构及力学性能影响,并对烧结后陶瓷样品的密度、力学性能、微观组织结构及相组成进行了研究。研究结果表明：在不添加Yb2 O3时,ZTA的断裂韧性、抗弯强度及硬度均为最大值,分别为7.42 MPa·m1/2、623.10 MPa、1919.60 HV。添加Yb2 O3后,ZTA陶瓷的力学性能及相组成均发生变化,t-ZrO2相变成c-ZrO2相,并且出现新的 Yb3 Al5 O12相。力学性能均有所降低,其中断裂韧性与没有添加Yb2 O3相比,减小了30.7;。     

LaMgAl11O19加入对8YSZ 材料力学性能的影响

为改善 8YSZ 材料的力学性能,利用呈板片状结构的 LaMgAl11O19 来强韧化 8YSZ 陶瓷,在 1600 ℃下保温 3 h制备了LaMgAl11O19 -8YSZ 复相陶瓷,研究了 LaMgAl11O19 的添加量对 8YSZ 基复相陶瓷的致密度、显微形貌和力学性能的影响.结果表明,添加板片状 LaMgAl11O19可较明显地改善8YSZ陶瓷的力学性能.当 LaMgAl11O19 的添加量为 20 wt;时,8YSZ基复相陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为297.4 MPa和4.0 MPa·m1/2.     

添加纳米Ti(C7N3)的ZrO2基纳米陶瓷模具材料

本文针对模具对陶瓷材料的要求,从提高陶瓷模具材料的综合力学性能出发,采用纳米复合方法制备出具有较高综合力学性能的纳米陶瓷模具材料.研究了纳米Ti(C7N3)和Y2O3的组分含量对纳米陶瓷模具材料微观结构和力学性能的影响,结果表明添加纳米Ti(C7N3)和Y2O3的氧化锆纳米陶瓷模具材料的力学性能优于纯氧化锆陶瓷材料,纳米颗粒的添加改善了材料的微观结构和力学性能.当纳米Ti(C7N3)和Y2O3的添加量分别为17.15vol;和5 mol;时,材料的综合性能最好,其抗弯强度为814MPa、断裂韧性6.35 MPa· m1/2、维氏硬度11.87 GPa.     

无压烧结制备透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强氧化铝基结构陶瓷材料

采用温度梯度无压烧结工艺制备了透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强Al2O3基结构陶瓷材料,探讨了其致密化烧结特性,并对其力学性能进行了测试和分析.研究了透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强Al2O3基结构陶瓷材料的微观结构,并分析了其力学性能和微观结构与透辉石含量的关系.结果表明:与纯Al2O3相比,透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强Al2O3基结构陶瓷材料的力学性能得到明显提高,其中添加6;(体积百分含量,下同)透辉石和4;AlTiB的Al2O3基结构陶瓷材料获得较好的综合力学性能,其硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到16.02 GPa、370 MPa和5.11 MPa·m1/2.力学性能提高的主要原因为:添加相与Al2O3基体之间界面反应的发生以及透辉石和AlTiB对复合材料的协同晶粒细化效应.     

Y-Ce-ZrO2-TiC-A12O3复合陶瓷材料的制备及其摩擦磨损特性研究

从提高陶瓷材料的力学性能出发,采用真空热压工艺,制备了混合稀土氧化物稳定的Y-Ce-ZrO2-TiC-A12O3复合陶瓷材料.对复合陶瓷材料进行了摩擦磨损性能实验研究,采用扫描电镜对其磨损表面形貌进行了观察,对磨损表面物相进行了X射线衍射分析.并与单相ZrO2陶瓷作对比,探讨了复合陶瓷材料的磨损机理.研究表明,该复合陶瓷材料具有较高的综合力学性能,在法向载荷为140 N、转速为200 r/m.in干摩擦条件下,Y-Ce-ZrO2-TiC-A12O3复合陶瓷摩擦系数为O.65,磨损率为2.88×10-mm3/N·m,明显低于单相ZrO2陶瓷,其磨损机理为机械冷焊和粘着磨损.     

Y-Ce-ZrO_2-TiC-Al_2O_3复合陶瓷材料的制备及其摩擦磨损特性研究

从提高陶瓷材料的力学性能出发,采用真空热压工艺,制备了混合稀土氧化物稳定的Y-Ce-ZrO2-TiC-Al2O3复合陶瓷材料。对复合陶瓷材料进行了摩擦磨损性能实验研究,采用扫描电镜对其磨损表面形貌进行了观察,对磨损表面物相进行了X射线衍射分析。并与单相ZrO2陶瓷作对比,探讨了复合陶瓷材料的磨损机理。研究表明,该复合陶瓷材料具有较高的综合力学性能,在法向载荷为140 N、转速为200 r/min干摩擦条件下,Y-Ce-ZrO2-TiC-Al2O3复合陶瓷摩擦系数为0.65,磨损率为2.88×10-7mm3/N.m,明显低于单相ZrO2陶瓷,其磨损机理为机械冷焊和粘着磨损。     

Gd2Ti2O7/ZrO2（3Y）陶瓷制备及力学性能研究

用共沉淀法合成Gd2Ti2O7纳米粉体,经真空烧结制备不同ZrO2(3Y)含量的Gd2Ti2O7/ZrO2(3Y)陶瓷。用XRD、SEM和力学性能试验等测试手段研究样品的物相、形貌和力学性能。结果表明:Gd2Ti2O7/ZrO2(3Y)陶瓷的力学性能随ZrO2(3Y)含量增加显著提高,ZrO2(3Y)含量为90vol%时,样品的维氏硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性最大值分别达到20.95GPa、199.21MPa和8.17MPa·m1/2。其原因是ZrO2(3Y)固溶导致晶粒尺寸减小,过饱和析出ZrO2(3Y)的颗粒弥散增韧,以及ZrO2(3Y)应力诱导相变增韧作用。     

Al粉粒度及其添加量对SiC陶瓷材料结构和性能的影响

以Al粉为烧结助剂,采用无压烧结工艺于1600℃下保温3 h烧制SiC陶瓷材料,研究了不同Al粉粒度及其添加量对SiC陶瓷材料结构和性能的影响.结果表明:Al粉可促进SiC陶瓷材料的烧结和力学性能的提高,同时起抗氧化的作用,且粒度较小的Al粉对其性能提升的幅度较大.当添加4wt;粒度为48μm的Al粉时,SiC陶瓷材料的性能较佳,体积密度和显气孔率分别为2.69 g/cm3和5.8;,显微硬度和抗折强度分别为2790 HV和189 MPa.SiC陶瓷材料烧结性能和力学性能的提高可归因于Al粉的促烧结作用,及其氧化产物Al2 O3和原位生成的少量莫来石分布在SiC颗粒间所起的强化作用.     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

A SAXS study of kinetics of aggregation of silica sols

SAXS in situ experiments on the evolution of TMOS solutions during hydrolysis and polycondensation lead to power laws with scaling exponents ≈ 2. It is suggested that this could be the result of the polydispersity of the samples and that only an apparent fractal dimension can be obtained in this way. Kinetic studies tend to indicate that agglomeration in the sol is the result of a diffusion-controlled process.     

Study of the possibility of interactive control of the surface profile of X-ray optical elements

We investigate the possibility of controlling the curvature parameters of parabolic mirrors that are modular elements of two types consisting of a base and thin inserts placed at the opposite side of the work surface. In the first type of modular elements, bending is controlled by the difference in the coefficients of the thermal expansion of the base and inserts. In the second type of elements, the profile is changed by the piezoelectric straining of the inserts under an electric field. A correlation is established between the parameters of modular elements and their surface curvature profile.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.     

Mechanism of thermal expansion of structural modifications of zinc pyrovanadate

Crystal chemical characteristics of the α and β modifications of Zn₂V₂O₇ are calculated based on in situ high-temperature X-ray measurements. The expansion of the structure is found to be strongly anisotropic up to the negative volumetric thermal expansion of the α-Zn₂V₂O₇ unit cell in the temperature range of 300–600°С, α _V =–17.94 × 10^–6 1/K. The transformations of the “hard” and “soft” sublattices with an increase temperature and at the phase transition are considered in detail. It is shown that the negative volumetric thermal expansion of α-Zn₂V₂O₇ is due to the degeneracy of the zigzag-like shape of zinc–oxygen columns at constant distances between their vertices.     

Investigation of the Mechanism of Influence of Stress Corrosion on the Development of Macroplastic Instabilities of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

Crystallography Reports - Macroscopic jumps of plastic deformation (few percent in amplitude) on creep curves of aluminum–magnesium alloy, caused by a local effect of concentrated solution of...     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.