熔盐中镁热还原合成碳化锆粉体

以炭黑、不同锆源(二氧化锆、钙稳定氧化锆、氧氯化锆)为原料,金属镁粉为还原剂,在NaCl/KCl熔盐、氩气气氛中发生还原反应及锆碳反应,开展了碳化锆粉体的合成研究.通过X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、激光粒度仪及比表面积分析仪等测试手段对合成的碳化锆粉体进行了分析表征.结果表明:碳化锆合成过程先后经历ZrO2被还原和锆碳反应.调节反应原料的活性、熔盐种类及反应温度,可以在900～ 1100℃实现碳化锆粉体的合成.以NaCl为熔盐、氧氯化锆为锆源,在1000℃可以制取D50为18.599 μm、比表面积15.27 m2/g的高纯碳化锆粉体.     

超细ZrB_2粉的液相法合成

本文以硝酸氧锆(ZrO(NO3)2.2H2O)、硼酸(H3BO3)和酚醛树脂为原料,采用液相法合成了超细ZrB2粉,分别利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电镜(SEM)对粉体的相组成和微观形貌进行了表征,研究了反应温度、原料配比对合成粉体的影响。结果表明,在硼锆比为3,反应温度1500℃保温1 h的工艺参数下合成出颗粒粒径为1μm的超细ZrB2粉。     

可控溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米ZrO2

以ZrOCl2 · 8H2O和六次甲基四胺(C6H12N4)为原料,三嵌段聚合物Pluronic P123为分散剂,采用可控溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米ZrO2粉体.采用XRD、TEM和SEM表征所得粉体.结果表明:反应物配比和水浴温度决定了溶胶的凝胶化所需时间,凝胶化时间在5~1290 min内可调;热处理温度越高,纳米ZrO2粉体的粒径越大.热处理温度在450～800 ℃区间内,ZrO2粉体粒径变化范围为10~100 nm;分散剂P123能明显降低粉体的硬团聚程度.当c(ZrOCl2)=0.3 mol/L、n(ZrOCl2): n(C6H12N4)=1: 0.8、n(ZrOCl2): n(P123)=1: 0.714,水浴温度为40 ℃,热处理温度为550 ℃时,制得平均粒径为20 nm的纳米ZrO2粉体.所得纳米粉体具有良好的烧结活性.该方法在调整纳米ZrO2的凝胶化时间和粉体粒径方面具有可控性.     

微纳米LaMgB5O10的制备及表征

采用Mg(NO3)2·6H2O,H3BO3,La(NO3)3·nH2O和不同燃烧剂(甘氨酸,尿素,一水合柠檬酸,柠檬酸铵)反应来合成微纳米LaMgB5O10粉体.讨论了不同还原剂(燃烧剂),时间,温度对产物的影响.采用XRD,SEM,TG-DTA检测手段对产物和产物前驱体进行表征,确定合成微纳米LaMgB5O10粉体的最优条件为甘氨酸做燃烧剂,在900 ℃煅烧5h.合成的产物结晶程度高,分布均匀,分散性好.     

反应温度和锆英石添加量对石英碳热还原氮化产物的影响

本研究中选用石英和焦炭为原料、天然锆英石为添加剂,采用XRD、SEM和EDS等分析方法,研究了反应温度和锆英石添加量对石英碳热还原氮化产物影响.研究结果表明:在0.13 MPa的流动氮气气氛中,反应温度在1450～1550℃时,石英的碳热还原氮化产物中含有Si2N2O、β-SiC和β-Si3N4物相;当反应温度为1600℃时,石英的碳热等在1600℃条件下,石英碳热还原氮化产物主要含有柱状β-Si3N4和少量纤维状β-SiC物相;当添加10wt;的天然锆英石时,产物的主要成分为β-Si3N4 、ZrN以及少量βSiC物相;当锆英石添加量为20wt;到50wt;时,产物中不仅含有β-Si3N4和ZrN物相,还存在c-ZrO2,m-ZrO2,Si2N2O及β-SiC等物相.     

高Al_2O_3粉煤灰在碳热还原氮化条件下的物相演变

高Al2O3粉煤灰在N2气氛中,以焦炭为还原剂,在1450°C和1500°C下,反应生成了的Sialon粉体。研究了碳含量、合成反应温度、保温时间等因素对生成物物相的影响。结果表明:在1450℃和1500℃下,保温3 h可以生成Sialon。以焦炭粉作为还原剂,在温度为1450℃,保温3 h时,配碳量为理论值的200%,碳热还原氮化高Al2O3粉煤灰可以获得的Fe-Sialon材料。讨论了焦炭的加入量对碳热还原氮化产物的物相组成的影响。     

络合法制备不同形貌的铈锆固溶体及其性能研究

采用不同的络合剂(草酸、谷氨酸、苹果酸和酒石酸),通过络合法制备出玫瑰花状、块状、多孔网状的Ce0.77Zr0.23O2铈锆固溶体,利用热分析(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积和氢气程序升温还原分析(H2-TPR)等对前驱体及固溶体进行了测试表征.前驱体在450℃下煅烧2h即可得到铈锆固溶体,700℃以后会发生晶粒长大的现象.其中以草酸为络合剂制备的玫瑰花状铈锆固溶体随着煅烧温度的升高,平均晶粒尺寸迅速增大,并发生分相,热稳定性较差;以酒石酸为络合剂制备的米粒状铈锆固溶体比表面积高达53.89 m2/g,900℃下煅烧2h,平均晶粒尺寸依然小于20 nm,具有优良的储氧性能.     

反应温度和添加剂含量对微波合成碳化硼微观形貌的影响

微波烧结由于具有高效、快速、绿色等特点越来越受到人们的关注.本文以天然煤粉(C)和硼酸(H3BO3)为原料,在无气氛保护条件下,利用2.45 GHz的TE666单频微波烧结炉,快速碳热还原反应法制备出纳米碳化硼(B4C)粉体.结果发现:当煤粉(C)和硼酸(H3BO3)质量比为3∶1,微波烧结温度为1400~1800 ℃,保温时间为5 min,即可制备出结晶良好的碳化硼(B4C)晶体,调整相关工艺参数可以控制B4C晶体的形貌,如直径为50~150 nm的球形颗粒或碳化硼片状结构,通过改变Na2CO3添加剂含量(3wt;~9wt;),可得到不同尺寸的碳化硼纳米片(边长为200~800 nm),获得传统电阻烧结条件下无法得到的碳化硼(B4C)晶体.     

低温燃烧合成法制备纳米氧化镧

以六水硝酸镧、一水柠檬酸为原料,利用低温燃烧合成法制备了纳米La2O3粉体.利用XRD、TG-DTA和TEM等测试方法对干凝胶热分解过程及最终形成的纳米La2O3粉体进行了表征,并研究了前驱体溶液的pH值、物质的量配比、煅烧温度、煅烧时间对粉体粒径和形貌的影响.实验结果表明,在溶液的pH=2,La(NO3)3·6H2O:C6H8O7·H2O=6:7,煅烧温度在700~900 ℃,煅烧时间为1.5 h时,可获得粒径均匀的纳米La2O3粉体,且所得产物的粒径范围为50~100 nm.     

LiNO3熔盐辅助煅烧制备高分散纳米ZrO2粉体

以可溶性锆盐溶液反向滴定氨水溶液成功地制备了纳米ZrO2粉体,系统研究了反应物浓度与煅烧温度对产物粒径和形貌的影响;在反应过程中加入表面活性剂,并采用正丁醇共沸蒸馏干燥和LiNO3熔盐辅助煅烧等方法,以控制粒径、减少团聚.通过热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积分析(BET)等对样品进行了形貌表征、晶型及粒径分析.结果表明:上述多种方法联合使用能够有效控制粒径、减少团聚,制备出的纳米ZrO2粉体分散性优异,为立方晶相结构,粒径15 nm左右.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.     

Molecular structure and crystal packing of uncomplexed 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C22H18N4O2

The X-ray crystal structure of 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C₂₂H₁₈N₄O₂, is determined. The crystal packing is dominated by phenyl stacking interactions. Weak C–H···N hydrogen bonds help align the molecules. C–H··· hydrogen bonding is not apparent.     

Structural and electrical properties of vapour phase grown Cd1 − xFexTe single crystals

Cd_1 − xFe_xTe single crystals were prepared by vapour phase growth method in the composition range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03. Chemical analysis, surface morphology, structural investigations and electrical properties were carried out by EDAX, SEM, XRD, TEM and transport technique, respectively. Microscopic variations between the target and actual compositions were noticed. Morphology studies revealed that dislocation aided growth is active in the present crystals. TEM and XRD studies confirmed that the samples of all compositions crystallized in zinc blende structure, and the lattice parameters varied almost linearly decreases with Fe content. At room temperature, the resistivity of the Cd_1 − xFe_xTe crystals of all compositions (x = 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.03) lies in the range of 3.5-6.5 M Ω, the activation energies lie in the range of 63-133 meV, and the samples were show the ‘p’ type conductivity.     

空位浓度对纤锌矿CdS电子结构和光学性质影响的第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法,采用第一性原理研究了含Cd空位缺陷CdS和含S空位缺陷纤锌矿CdS的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度及光学性质。通过计算分析可知,含Cd空位缺陷的CdS体系均为p型半导体,含S空位缺陷的CdS体系跃迁方式均由直接跃迁变为间接跃迁。Cd、S空位缺陷的CdS体系的态密度总能量降低。空位CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系的静介电常数均有提高,并随着空位浓度的增大而增大,Cd空位缺陷体系更为明显,极化能力得到显著提升。空位Cd的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在红外波段存在明显的吸收,空位S的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在可见光波段存在明显的吸收。