脱硫石膏晶体提纯脱色的研究

以H2O-HCl-CaCl2溶液为反应介质采用两步法在常压下对脱硫石膏脱色;考察了HCl浓度、CaCl2浓度、料浆浓度对水热反应时间的影响和转晶温度、转晶时间、料浆浓度对产品白度和收率的影响。得出的较适宜条件为:HCl浓度为1.21mol/L,CaCl2浓度为0.27mol/L,料浆浓度为6.98%,转晶温度25℃、转晶时间18h,该条件下水热反应时间缩短至120min,脱色产品的白度和纯度分别提高至90%和96%。脱色提纯过程的母液反复利用5次后,产品性能与初次配料时无明显差异。以提纯脱色后的脱硫石膏为原料制备的半水硫酸钙晶须白度达到95.22%。     

脱硫石膏重结晶法制备硫酸钙晶须及其除砷性能初探

以电厂脱硫石膏为原料,利用重结晶原理制备二水硫酸钙晶须.考察了溶液过饱和度、硫酸浓度、陈化温度/时间以及降温速率对晶须生长特性的影响,并初步研究了硫酸钙晶须对含砷水溶液的除砷性能.结果表明:所研究的操作条件对晶须形貌、尺寸均有一定影响.在H2SO4溶液重结晶体系中,控制硫酸钙过饱和度为0.5、陈化温度为20℃、陈化时间为3h并采用自然降温时,制备的二水硫酸钙晶须结晶度较好、形貌尺寸均匀,长径比为50～200.该二水硫酸钙晶须在pH为12时,能将初始浓度低于1 mg/L的含砷水溶液净化至满足地表水标准(0.05mg/L),展示了其在砷污染水体净化方面的应用潜力,可配合石灰-硫酸亚铁两段法除砷,降低废水处理成本.     

磷石膏蒸压制备半水硫酸钙晶须

以磷石膏为原料,利用蒸压法制备半水硫酸钙晶须.采用均匀设计实验的基础上,进一步考察了料浆固液比、反应时间、蒸压压力对产品长径比的影响,并借助透射偏光显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等仪器对产品进行表征.结果表明,最佳反应条件:料浆固液比0.15 g· mL-1、反应时间0.5h、蒸压的压力0.3 MPa,在此条件下制备出了长径比99.07、晶须直径约1μm、纯度高、结晶良好的晶须产品.并从微观形貌、晶体结构、物相分析三个方面阐明了半水硫酸钙晶须生长规律.本研究对磷石膏的高值化利用具有指导意义.     

晶形控制剂对α半水石膏结晶形态的调控研究

实验以石灰中和后的磷石膏为原料,分别以顺丁烯二酸、氨三乙酸、丁二酸为晶形控制剂,采用“半液相法”制备α半水石膏.利用XRD、SEM、XRF及EDS分别对原料及α半水石膏的物相组成、结晶形貌、成分含量等特征进行表征.结果表明:晶形控制剂在改善α半水石膏晶体形貌的同时并没有改变晶体的物相组成,可以有效抑制晶体一维方向的生长,生成短柱状的α半水石膏晶体.其中顺丁烯二酸用量在0.1;,制备的α半水石膏结晶形态最好,长径比接近1∶1,转化率可达到98;.抗压强度可达45.3 MPa.     

机械力活化对脱硫石膏制备硫酸钙晶须的影响

对脱硫石膏原料进行机械力活化,然后采用降温重结晶法制备出硫酸钙晶须.借助扫描电镜、图像粒度分析仪和相关软件进行表征,并初步讨论了机械力活化对晶须成核和生长过程的影响.结果表明:经过机械力活化的脱硫石膏可以制备有较大长径比的硫酸钙晶须.在水浴反应温度为75℃,硫酸浓度为2.5 mol/L,机械力活化时间为3.5 h,浆料浓度为2;的条件下,制备的硫酸钙晶须平均长径比为150,平均直径为2.1μm.     

磷石膏常压酸化法制备无水硫酸钙晶须的实验研究

以磷石膏为原料,一步常压酸化法制备无水硫酸钙晶须.采用单因素实验方法研究了盐酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间和固液比4个因素对制备硫酸钙晶须的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对反应产物样品的物相、微观形貌进行了表征.结果 表明:在盐酸浓度为5 mol/L、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为3h和固液比为0.10g/mL的条件下,一步法制备出了直径为1～4μm、长径比为3～8的无水硫酸钙晶须.分析认为,无水硫酸钙晶须是在二水硫酸钙溶解量达到其过饱和度后从溶液中结晶形成的.     

H2SO4-H2O中硝酸铜对脱硫石膏晶须生长的影响

以处理后的脱硫石膏为原料,在H₂SO₄-H₂O体系中以Cu(NO₃)₂为晶形控制剂采用水热法制备脱硫石膏晶须,探讨了Cu(NO₃)₂对脱硫石膏晶须生长的影响机理。结果表明:Cu(NO₃)₂对脱硫石膏有明显促溶作用,其中Cu²⁺可减小溶液中各离子的活度系数,使溶液中的Ca²⁺浓度增大。NO^-₃通过静电作用在Ca²⁺周围聚集并对SO^2-₄产生屏蔽作用,导致脱硫石膏继续溶解并使Ca²⁺和SO^2-₄的浓度处于相对稳定状态,有利于半水脱硫石膏晶体的形核与生长。此外,Cu²⁺还可在晶须的生长过程中选择性吸附在晶须表面,生成CuSO₄,促进了脱硫石膏的结晶生长,最终在Cu(NO₃)₂用量为2.0%(质量分数)时制备的脱硫石膏晶须长径比约为73。     

硫酸镁与氨水水热反应合成碱式硫酸镁晶须

以MgSO4·7H2O和氨水为原料进行MgSO4·5Mg(OH)2·3H2O晶须(MOS)制备的实验.研究了水热反应温度、时间、镁离子浓度及原料配比对水热反应后液相及固相组成和MOS形貌结构的影响.结果表明,合成MOS的最优条件为反应温度190℃,反应时间5h,镁离子浓度3 mol/L,n(七水硫酸镁)∶n(氨水)比例为0.6∶1.合成MOS的母液能够实现循环利用,所得产品为形貌结构完整的MOS晶须.     

承德某硬质伊利石除铁增白试验研究

以Na2S2O4为还原剂,六偏磷酸钠和EDTA为添加剂,对河北承德某硬质伊利石进行了除铁增白试验研究,考察了Na2S2O4用量、矿浆pH值、反应温度、添加剂用量等因素对除铁增白效果的影响,得出了还原-络合漂白优化工艺条件.硬质伊利石还原-络合漂白优化工艺条件为:矿浆浓度11;,Na2S2O4用量4;,(NaPO3)6用量0.2;,EDTA用量8;,pH =2.5,温度80℃,反应时间20 min.经还原-络合漂白后,硬质伊利石漂白产品中Fe2O3含量由1.14;降至0.70;,白度由79.3;提高至87.0;.     

脱硫石膏制备硫酸钙晶须结晶动力学研究

结晶动力学能够揭示结晶过程本质,通过测定溶液中Ca2浓度来确定硫酸钙晶须的转化率,从而确定硫酸钙晶须结晶动力学参数,得到转化率与时间的关系式:X=1/｛1+e6^[-10.01977t(0.0956-c)+1.1188]｝,(0≤t≤6.0).研究了影响硫酸钙晶须结晶动力学的影响因素降温速率和陈化时间,利用SEM对制备的硫酸钙晶须进行表征.结果表明:自然冷却条件下,陈化时间6h,制备出的硫酸钙晶须结晶发育完整,晶须平均长径比达到150,平均直径为2.1 μm.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Selinidin: Crystal structure generated by C–H···O, C–H···π and π-π interactions

The title compound, 9,10-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-9-yl-2-methyl-2-butenoate, C₁₉H₂₀O₅, was isolated from the roots of Selinum vaginatum. The compound crystallizes into monoclinic space group P2 ₁ with unit cell parameters: a = 12.830(2) Å, b = 9.041(1) Å, c = 14.983(1) Å, β = 95.09(1)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined using direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.0529 for 3142 observed reflections. There are two independent molecules, A and B, per asymmetric unit. In both the molecules, the coumarin nucleus is planar. However pronounced differences are observed in the conformation of dihydropyran ring which has a half-chair conformation with an 8β-9α orientation in molecule A and is intermediate between half-chair and sofa in molecule B. Differences also occur in the conformation of the 2-methylbutenoyloxy side chain at C9 due to the different geometry of C–H···π interactions in molecules A and B. Molecules A and B are connected by π–π interactions between their coumarin fragments forming dimers. The dimers interact through C–H···O and C–H···πhydrogen bonds.     

Chromene and Imidazole Based D-π-A Chemosensor Preparation and Its Anion Responsive Effects

We have designed and synthesized the colorimetric chemosensor through the reactions of 2-(4H-chromen-4-yildene)malonitrile and 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. Due to its well conjugated D-π-A system and the existence of NH- fragment in structure, we expected that the chemosensor can detect anion using NH- fragment in the imidazole moiety of the structure. In this regard, UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured to investigate sensing properties of the probe toward different anions in DMSO. This chemosensor can detect both fluoride and cyanide ion with absorption change in intensity. In addition, pH sensing property was also investigated upon the addition of hydroxide ion. These properties are related to the deprotonation effect. The ICT system in this molecule was also observed by the computational approach using Material Studio 4.3 package.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.