基于RBF神经网络的Ni-TiN镀层耐蚀性能预测研究

采用脉冲电沉积方法在40Cr钢表面制备Ni-TiN复合镀层,并以TiN粒子浓度、电流密度以及占空比为输入层,以Ni-TiN复合镀层腐蚀量为输出层,建立RBF神经网络模型,对镀层腐蚀量进行预测研究,最后利用扫描电镜观察不同工艺参数下镀层表面形貌.结果表明,RBF神经网络对镀层腐蚀量有较强的预测能力,其预测值与实验值相对误差最小仅为0.73;;SEM分析表明,当TiN粒子浓度10 g/L,电流密度5 A/dm2,占空比60;时,Ni-TiN复合镀层经腐蚀后表面较为平整,腐蚀坑较少,耐腐蚀性能较好.     

基于AR模型的Ni-TiN复合镀层TiN粒子复合量预测研究

采用超声-脉冲电沉积方法在T8钢表面制备了Ni-TiN复合镀层,采用扫描电镜和X射线光衍射仪对镀镀层物相组织结构进行检测,并建立AR模型对镀层的TiN粒子复合量进行预测.结果表明,当电流密度4 A/dm2、占空比50;、超声波功率140 W时,Ni-TiN复合镀层表面较为光滑,晶粒较为细小,组织较为均匀.XRD分析表明,Ni-TiN复合镀层中存在Ni、TiN两相,镍的衍射峰分别位于44.8°、52.2°和76.8°,TiN的衍射峰分别位于38.5°、42.8°和66.5°.AR模型对Ni-TiN复合镀层TiN粒子复合量预测能力较强,其相对误差最大值与最小值分别为2.43;及0.71;.     

钻井泥浆泵活塞表面多场耦合电沉积Ni-TiN纳米镀层研究

采用多场耦合电沉积方法,在钻井泥浆泵活塞表面制备Ni-TiN纳米镀层.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、摩擦磨损试验机对Ni-TiN纳米镀层微观组织结构和耐磨性能进行研究.XRD分析表明,在钻井泥浆泵活塞试样表面存在金属镍晶粒和TiN粒子.当复合镀液中TiN粒子为6g/L时,Ni-TiN纳米镀层中镍晶粒和TiN粒子的平均粒径分别为65.5 nm和38.6 nm.AFM分析表明,当TiN粒子浓度为6g/L时,镀层表面镍晶的平均粒径最小,其均方根表面粗糙度(RMS)为44.077 nm.摩擦磨损实验测试表明,当复合镀液中TiN粒子为6g/L时,Ni-TiN纳米镀层的磨损量和摩擦系数都最小,其最小磨损量和摩擦系数分别为34.7 mg和0.44.     

超声辅助脉冲电沉积Ni-TiN复合镀层制备工艺研究

采用超声辅助脉冲电沉积方法在45#钢表面制备NI-TiN复合镀层..利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合镀层的物相组成进行检测分析,并利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、透射电镜(TEM)对Ni-TiN复合镀层的立体表面形貌及晶粒的分布进行观察分析.结果表明:当超声波功率为300 W时,所制备的Ni-TiN纳米复合镀层衍射峰强度最高,且含有Ni、TiN两相,Ni晶粒得到显著细化,TiN纳米颗粒分布较为均匀,无显著团聚现象发生.     

ZrO2含量对Ni-Co-ZrO2复合镀层显微硬度和耐磨性能的影响

以硫酸镍、硫酸钴和氧化锆为主要原料,采用脉冲沉积技术在Q235钢基体表面沉积了Ni-Co-ZrO2复合镀层,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪分别观察和表征了复合镀层的显微形貌、成分组成和相结构,并对Ni-Co-ZrO2复合镀层的显微硬度和耐磨性进行了研究.结果表明:ZrO2颗粒弥散分布于Ni-Co合金中,基体与镀层界面处无孔隙、裂纹等缺陷,镀层厚度约为60μm;镀态下Ni-Co-ZrO2复合镀层基质合金为晶态结构,主要生长晶面为Ni(111)和Co (110),XRD衍射图谱呈现出低强度、大峰宽和多晶向的相结构特征.随着镀层内ZrO2颗粒含量的增加,Ni-Co-ZrO2复合镀层的显微硬度呈现先提高后降低、磨损量先减少后增加的趋势,当ZrO2含量为20 g/L时,复合镀层的硬度最高、磨损量最少,磨痕形貌呈现出轻微磨损.     

基于BP神经网络的Ni-TiN镀层腐蚀速率预测研究

采用磁场电沉积方法在40Cr钢表面制备了Ni-TiN镀层,并在正交实验的基础上建立了BP神经网络模型对镀层腐蚀速率进行预测,最后利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪以及显微电子天平对镀层的表面形貌、组分以及腐蚀速率进行分析和研究.结果表明,当工艺组合为A2B2C3D1,即TiN粒子浓度6 g/L,磁场强度0.4T,占空比50;,电流密度0.5 A/dm2时,Ni-TiN镀层经腐蚀后表面较为平整,凸起状物质较少.BP神经网络模型能够较好的模拟Ni-TiN镀层腐蚀速率,腐蚀速率最小值仅为2.134 mg/m·h,因此也证明了BP神经网络的可靠性.经XRD分析,Ni-TiN镀层存在Ni、TiN两相.     

基于AR模型的Ni-Al2O3复合镀层显微硬度预测

采用磁场电沉积方法在45钢表面制备了Ni-Al2O3复合镀层,用扫描电镜、显微硬度计等仪器对复合镀层表面及显微硬度进行检测.最后用AR模型对Ni-Al2O3复合镀层显微硬度进行预测.结果表明,当磁场强度0.3T,Al2O3粒子浓度8 g/L,电流密度1.5 A/dm2时,Ni-Al2O3复合镀层表面较为平整,镀层缺陷较少.AR模型能够较好的预测Ni-Al2O3复合镀层显微硬度,最大相对误差仅为1.9;.     

基于BP神经网络模型的Ni-TiN镀层耐磨性预测研究

采用超声电沉积方法,在C470型压缩机阀片表面制备Ni-TiN镀层.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和摩擦磨损试验机研究Ni-TiN镀层表面形貌、组织结构及耐磨性,并采用BP神经网络模型预测Ni-TiN镀层的磨损量.结果表明,BP神经网络模型的最佳结构组成为3×9×l,其预测值与实验值的拟合度R=0.99938,相对误差最大值与最小值分别为1.67;和0.63;.当TiN粒子浓度为8 g/L、超声波功率180 W、电流密度4 A/dm2时,Ni-TiN镀层表面犁沟较浅,磨损量较小.Ni-TiN镀层中存在Ni和TiN相,镍的衍射峰分别位于44.82°、52.22°和76.78°,TiN的衍射峰分别位于38.48°、42.82°和66.54°.     

热处理温度对Ni-P-TiN纳米镀层的结构及其摩擦学性能影响

为改善机械零件的表面性能,采用超声波辅助化学沉积方法,在45钢基体表面制得Ni-P-TiN纳米镀层,利用透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、扫描电镜、摩擦磨损试验机对其进行微观组织、机械性能及摩擦学性能研究.结果表明,镀态Ni-P-TiN纳米镀层主要由大量Ni和少量TiN组成,镍晶粒和TiN粒子的平均粒径分别为95nm和42 nm.当热处理温度达到300℃时,Ni-P-TiN纳米镀层中出现Ni3P相和NiO相,其显微硬度高达951.9Hv,其平均摩擦系数为0.43.     

Ni-W-纳米Al2O3复合涂层沉积特性的研究

采用复合电镀的方法制备出Ni-W-纳米Al2O3复合涂层,研究了Al2O3添加量、温度和超声波分散等沉积条件对复合涂层沉积特性如沉积速率、Al2O3复合量和显微硬度的影响.结果表明,随着纳米Al2O3添加量的增加,复合涂层的沉积速率、Al2O3复合量和显微硬度不断增加,但当Al2O3添加量达到15g/L时沉积速度开始下降,Al2O3添加量达到17.5g/L时硬度开始下降;适宜的镀液温度大约为80℃,超声波分散时间大约为1h.     

On the inhomogeneity of the transition surface layer of the solid core of the earth

Different geophysical data and conclusions of theoretical models, which can give information about the behavior of the solid and liquid cores of the Earth as well as about the existence of a transition layer as a temperature-hysteresis region at a relatively weak first-order phase transition, are compared. It is concluded that liquid inclusions inevitably exist in this region; these inclusions are involved (due to the complex convective processes occurring in the liquid core) in the transport of light materials from some areas of the solid-core surface. The porosity and permeability of the transition layer determine the seismic acoustic inhomogeneities in these areas, which contact the convective flows in the liquid core. In particular, this explains the well-known ??east-west?? effect. Obviously, the model of the crystalline core is not the only possible alternative for a model of a core with a metallic glasslike structure.     

Study of the influence of the rare-earth elements on the properties of lead iodide

Lead iodide (PbI₂) shows excellent electronic properties for detection of ionizing radiation. We report the introduction of rare-earth elements and other elements as admixtures during synthesis to study their influence on the quality of single crystals. Synthesized material as well as single crystals have been characterized by measurements of electrical resistivity and low-temperature photo luminescence and index of refraction. The structural quality with respect to polytypes was analysed by electron back scatter diffraction. Makyoh topography was applied for surface studies.     

On the role of the porous shell of the solid core of the earth in the anomalous heat and mass flow to the mantle

The model of the pressure-induced first-order phase transition of a metal melt to the metallicglass state considers a thermodynamically nonequilibrium porous near-surface shell of the solid core of the Earth, which contacts cyclonic vortices in the liquid core. Anomalous flows of heat and light-material mass to the mantle from the solid core at these contact points are calculated. These anomalous flows are shown to be comparable with the observed ones under the assumption of a rapid increase in the melt viscosity at pressures of 1–10 Mbar, which is characteristic of a solid core. In this case, the porous layer permeability may be very low.     

Experimental Investigations of the Conditions for the Formation of the Liquid Crystalline State of Polymers

The diagrams of state for concentrated PBG solution in coordinates relating volume fraction-geometric asymmetry and volume fraction-temperature are investigated. The order parameter for macromolecules in the anisortropic phase is dettermined. The experimental data compare with the existing theoretical models for th formation of the liquid crystalline state in solutions of stiff polymer molecule. It is shown that experimental data are in good quantitative agreement with the Flory's lattice model.     

Effect of the temperature on the TMOS sono-hydrolysis and a study of the structure of the resulting aged sonogels

The effect of temperature on the oxalic acid catalyzed sono-hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) was studied by means of a heat flux calorimetric method. The activation energy of the process was measured as (24.5 ± 0.8) kJ/mol in the temperature range between 10 and 50 °C. The structural characteristics of the resulting sonogels, after long period of aging in saturated conditions, were studied by means of small angle X-ray scattering. The structure can be described as formed by ∼2.7 nm mean size mass fractal-like aggregates (clusters) of primary silica particles of ∼0.3 nm mean size, all imbibed in a liquid phase. The average mass fractal dimension of the clusters was found to be 2.58. The primary particle density was estimated as 2.23 g/cm³, in good agreement with the value frequently quoted for fused silica. The volume fraction of the clusters in the saturated sonogels was estimated as about 28%. The moment in which the meniscus of the liquid phase penetrates into the clusters under rapid evaporation process has been detected by an inflection in the first derivative of the curve of weight loss in a simple thermogravimetric test.     

Computer Modelling of the Light Propagation through the Complex Anisotropy Systems - the way of a Determination of the Optical Parameters of the Liquid Crystal Displays

A mathematical and numerical method for an analysis of a liquid crystal displays (LCD) has been presented. The assumptions of the calculations of a light propagation through the display are shown. The real conditions of a work of these displays have been taken into account. Basing of this mathematical model a computer program for a numerical modelling of the optical parameters of LC displays working in real conditions has been worked out. This program makes possible to obtain the most important parameters of a display such as: contrast ratio, luminance in on- and off-state, spectral characteristics of light and its colour coordinates in these both states. The results obtained from this program have been verified experimentally. Very high conformity of these results has been obtained.     

Features of the magnetic state of the layered Fe-V nanostructure of the superconductor-ferromagnet type

The magnetic state of the V(39 nm)/20 [V(3 nm)/Fe(3 nm)] nanostructure has been investigated by polarized neutron reflectometry in the temperature range from 1.6 to 30 K in magnetic fields from 0.2 to 15 kOe. The data obtained indicate that the superconductivity of vanadium layers may affect magnetic ordering both over the depth of the structure and in its plane.     

Influence of the Crystal Structure of the Nucleus on the Morphology of t-ZnO Tetrapods

Crystallography Reports - A new approach to simulating the morphology of hierarchical nanocrystals has been proposed on the example of ZnO nanotetrapods. Within this approach, twinning is...     

CIGS薄膜太阳电池异质结的结构初析

本论文通过实验制备得到CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2(CIGS)、CdS、ZnO三种半导体材料,然后根据这三种半导体的相关材料参数和实验数据,得出了它们形成异质结前后的能带图,并计算它们的能带边失调值ΔEC、ΔEV.其中,CdS/CIGS的导带边失调值ΔEc对高效率CIGS薄膜太阳电池的影响作用最大,为-0.298eV(高效电池的理想值范围为0～0.4eV),说明这对电池整体性能不是很好.