多壁碳纳米管对电极染料敏化太阳能电池的性能研究

以SnO2/TiO2薄膜为光阳极,与以经酸化处理和与石墨复合的沉积在FTO导电基底的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)薄膜为对电极,I-/I3-为电解液,组装成染料敏化太阳能电池.对电极通过循环伏安法(CV曲线)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)及极化曲线法(Tafel曲线)进行电化学催化性能的表征,组装后的电池通过伏安特性曲线(J～V)进行光电性能分析,结果表明:酸化处理及与石墨复合有利于提高对电极的催化性能及电池光电性能.开路电压及短路电流密度分别可达0.53 V、4.67 mA/cm2,其中短路电流较未经过处理的MWCNTs对电极提高27.4;,同时讨论了对电极电化学性及电池光电性能增强的机制.     

超细长银纳米线的制备及其导电薄膜性能优化

以硝酸银为银源、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为形貌导向剂、硫酸铁为诱导剂、葡萄糖为还原剂,采用高效便捷的水热法制备银纳米线(AgNWs),通过调控PVP用量和热处理时间致使其长径比大于1000;将异丙醇与乙醇按照一定比例混合,配制出分散性良好的AgNWs墨水,并采用变速旋涂法在玻璃衬底上制备透明导电薄膜;通过低温低压烧结和聚乙烯醇(PVA)固化处理优化薄膜的光学及导电性能,制得方块电阻为(19±2)Ω·sq-1、透过率大于86;透明导电薄膜.     

柔性碳纳米管复合导电纸的制备及其在锌锰纸电池中的应用

以碳纳米管和纸纤维混合制成均匀液体经抽滤制备成复合导电纸.采用不同工艺将石墨化碳纳米管和纸纤维复合,通过四探针电阻仪表征表面电阻和XRD、TEM、SEM等表征内部结构.将制备的导电纸作为集流体,采用CT-3008W-5 V5 mA-S4检测仪测试锌锰纸电池电化学性能.结果表明,当碳纳米管与纸浆质量比为2∶1时,表面电阻为20Ω/□,碳纳米管与纸纤维复合效果最佳.使用碳纳米管导电纸作集流体时,和石墨集流体相比,放电时间增加36.7; ～ 122.4;,电池质量能量密度提高64.1; ～ 141;.碳纳米管导电纸作集流体能大幅提高电池的能量密度.     

石墨烯/银纳米线复合透明导电薄膜光电性能及稳定性研究

利用旋涂法和机械转移法在柔性衬底聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)基板表面构建石墨烯/银纳米线复合透明导电薄膜.复合薄膜具有优良的电学性能,在可见光550 nm处透过率为73.2;,薄膜面电阻低至0.32 Ω/□.与银纳米线薄膜相比,石墨烯/银纳米线复合薄膜还表现出良好的电学稳定性,在90天后银纳米线薄膜面电阻增加率高达648;,而复合薄膜面电阻的增加率仅为30;.此外,在270天后,复合薄膜在循环弯曲300次前后,与LED灯串联可获得恒定的输出电压,表现出良好的机械弯曲稳定性.     

负极集流体为CNT导电纸的锂离子电池及其性能

采用碳纳米管(Carbon nanotubes,CNT)导电纸替代传统的金属铜箔作锂离子电池的负极集流体,石墨作为活性材料.在0.2C倍率条件下电池首次放电比容量高达815.7 mAh·g-1,可逆放电比容量为474.0 mAh·g-1,是铜箔作为负极集流体锂电池(236 mAh·g-1)的2倍,10次循环后电池容量保持率97.2;.CNT导电纸有良好的强度、韧性、吸液性能.相比铜箔集流体,其结构可有效保证负极材料与碳纳米管导电纸集流体间的紧密接触,减少界面电阻,增加电子传导通道.碳纳米管导电纸有望替代传统铜箔成为新一代锂离子电池用集流体.     

碳纤维-碳纳米管复合导电纸的制备及电磁屏蔽性能研究

研究了以碳纳米管(CNTs)和碳纤维(CF)作为复合导电剂的导电纸.通过高速剪切的方法将分散好的导电剂和纸浆纤维素在水溶液中复合,经真空抽滤法沉积得到导电纸.纤维状的导电剂与纸浆纤维搭建成三维导电网络,表现出了良好的柔韧性、导电性和电磁屏蔽性能.采用扫描电子显微镜、四探针电阻仪、矢量网络分析仪对其进行表征.研究表明,当碳纤维和碳纳米管以1∶1比例添加作为复合导电剂时,碳纤维-碳纳米管复合纸的导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能较碳纤维或碳纳米管单一导电剂提高明显.复合导电纸的电导率达到280.1 S/m,在175 ～1600MHz频段电磁屏蔽效能达到37 ～ 44 dB,较碳纤维纸提高2 dB,较碳纳米管纸提高10 dB.     

碳纳米管导电纸制备及其电磁屏蔽性能研究

研究了一种新型柔性碳纳米管复合导电纸.以纸纤维作为载体,晶须状碳纳米管为导电剂,通过高速剪切的方法制备纸纤维与碳纳米管悬浮液,使碳纳米管均匀分散并吸附在纸纤维.经过真空抽滤,悬浮液均匀沉降形成致密的纤维网.烘干后轧制成碳纳米管-纸纤维复合导电纸.采用扫描电子显微镜、四探针电阻仪、矢量网络分析仪对其进行表征.研究表明当纸纤维和碳纳米管加载比为1:1时,碳纳米管导电纸表面电阻可达28 Ω/□,体积电阻率可达2.32 Ω· cm.在175 ～ 2700 MHz频段,碳纳米管导电纸电磁屏蔽效能为-18～-31 dB,多层碳纳米管导电屏蔽效能可达-24 ～-37 dB.     

镓掺杂氧化锌透明导电薄膜的制备及其性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射方法在玻璃基片上制备了镓掺杂氧化锌(Ga∶ ZnO)透明导电薄膜,通过XRD、XPS、四探针仪和分光光度计等表征技术,研究了衬底温度对Ga∶ ZnO薄膜结构、组分、光学和电学性质的影响.结果表明:所有样品均为具有(002)择优取向的高质量透明导电薄膜,其晶体结构和光电性能与衬底温度密切相关.当衬底温度为673 K时,所制备的Ga∶ ZnO薄膜具有最大的晶粒尺寸(72.6 nm)、最低的电阻率(1.3×10-3Ω·cm)、较高的可见∶ZnO薄膜的光学能隙,结果显示随着衬底温度的升高,薄膜的光学能隙单调增加.     

复合碳纳米管纸制备及作为锂离子电池负极的研究

研究了一种由碳纳米管和纸纤维制备的新型导电纸.以纸纤维为基本骨架,碳纳米管为导电填充剂,通过真空抽滤法制备导电纸,对比了石墨化碳纳米管和未石墨化碳纳米管分别作为导电填料导电纸的性能.通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电镜、四探针电阻仪、XRD衍射、Raman光谱等进行性能表征.导电纸裁切为负极极片并组装成半电池,通过CT-3008W-5 V5 mA-S4电池放电柜检测电池电化学性能.研究表明:碳纳米管经高温石墨化处理后作为负极,在0.1C条件下电池稳定放电比容量为266 mAh/g,相比于改性前的142 mAh/g,提高了87.3;.     

艾奇逊炉提纯碳纳米管的组织结构性能表征

碳纳米管作为锂离子电池正极导电剂已经在中国得到了普遍应用,作为电池导电剂的碳纳米管需要提纯处理.本文研究了利用艾奇逊炉对化学气相沉积的碳纳米管在3 000℃进行提纯处理后的组织结构和电学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),电子能谱仪(EDS),等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP),红外光谱仪(FT-IR),热重分析仪(TGA),X射线光电子谱仪(XPS),拉曼光谱分析仪,四探针薄膜电阻仪对艾奇逊炉提纯的碳纳米管进行了检测.结果 表明高温提纯的碳纳米管的含铁量可降低到71 ppm,氧化物含量低于0.45wt;,晶格缺陷大幅减少,石墨组织结构完整,表面官能团少,具有体积电阻率0.050 ～0.035 Ω·cm,作为电池电极的导电材料,可以用于动力电池正极.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

Selinidin: Crystal structure generated by C–H···O, C–H···π and π-π interactions

The title compound, 9,10-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-9-yl-2-methyl-2-butenoate, C₁₉H₂₀O₅, was isolated from the roots of Selinum vaginatum. The compound crystallizes into monoclinic space group P2 ₁ with unit cell parameters: a = 12.830(2) Å, b = 9.041(1) Å, c = 14.983(1) Å, β = 95.09(1)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined using direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.0529 for 3142 observed reflections. There are two independent molecules, A and B, per asymmetric unit. In both the molecules, the coumarin nucleus is planar. However pronounced differences are observed in the conformation of dihydropyran ring which has a half-chair conformation with an 8β-9α orientation in molecule A and is intermediate between half-chair and sofa in molecule B. Differences also occur in the conformation of the 2-methylbutenoyloxy side chain at C9 due to the different geometry of C–H···π interactions in molecules A and B. Molecules A and B are connected by π–π interactions between their coumarin fragments forming dimers. The dimers interact through C–H···O and C–H···πhydrogen bonds.     

Chromene and Imidazole Based D-π-A Chemosensor Preparation and Its Anion Responsive Effects

We have designed and synthesized the colorimetric chemosensor through the reactions of 2-(4H-chromen-4-yildene)malonitrile and 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. Due to its well conjugated D-π-A system and the existence of NH- fragment in structure, we expected that the chemosensor can detect anion using NH- fragment in the imidazole moiety of the structure. In this regard, UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured to investigate sensing properties of the probe toward different anions in DMSO. This chemosensor can detect both fluoride and cyanide ion with absorption change in intensity. In addition, pH sensing property was also investigated upon the addition of hydroxide ion. These properties are related to the deprotonation effect. The ICT system in this molecule was also observed by the computational approach using Material Studio 4.3 package.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

4- and 5-nitroindane

Mononitration of indane produces a mixture of 4- and 5- nitroindanes. Crystallization from mixtures occurs after distillation improves composition of a major component to above 80%. 4-Nitroindane: triclinic, space group (#2),a=7.332(4) Å,b=8.304(4) Å,c=8.358(4) Å, =61.43(4)°, =67.60(4)°, =70.15(4)°,V=405.4(4) ų,Z=2. Non-H-atoms are nearly planar, aliphatic H's are eclipsed. 5-Nitroindane: monoclinic, space groupP2₁/c (#14),a=10.946(8) Å,b=15.643(10) Å,c=9.415(6) Å, =92.34(5)°,V=1611(2) ų,Z=8. Non-H-atoms in the two molecules differ in torsion of the nitro group with respect to indane and fold of the nonbenzylic methylene group. Semiempirical calculations (PM3) suggest that distorsion from planarity may be associated with the two lowest energy vibrational modes. Uv, ir, ms, proton, and¹³C-nmr spectra are correlated with the solid state structures.     

6<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>,8α-Dihydroxy-14,15-Dihydrocarapin (Khayanone) from the Stem Bark of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Khaya Senegalensis</Emphasis> (Meliaceae): Isolation and its Crystal Structure

Khayanone was isolated from the stem bark of African mahogany, Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae), and characterized as 6S,8α-dihydroxy-14,15-dihydrocarapin on the basis of spectral analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4 ₁ 2 ₁ 2 with unit cell parameters: a = 13.2315(19) Å, c = 29.118(6) Å, Z = 8. The crystal structure has been solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0375 for 4552 unique reflections. The six-membered rings A and B exist in boat conformations, rings C and D in chair conformations, and the furan ring is planar. The crystal structure is stabilized by O-H···O and C-H···O interactions. This is the first report about 6S configuration of mexicanolide revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The configuration of oxygenated C-6 in mexicanolide-group limonoids is discussed.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance: a powerful tool to study liquid crystals

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a spectroscopic technique widely used to investigate materials and soft matter in particular. In this brief review, the main uses of NMR techniques to investigate different aspects of liquid crystals, such as the orientational and dynamic properties, the supramolecular structure and average molecular conformations, are described. In the second part of the paper, the case study of a ‘de Vries’ liquid crystal is reported and the main results obtained by combining different NMR techniques are discussed.     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)