非晶硅太阳电池用Ag背反镜的吸收损耗

利用频域有限差分法,分析了两种典型非晶硅电池结构的Ag背反镜的吸收损耗.研究表明:平板型非晶硅电池Ag背反镜的损耗主要是由银材料的本征吸收和非晶硅有源层导模共振效应引起,而表面等离子体共振吸收使TM模的吸收峰峰值大于TE模的吸收峰峰值;织构型的非晶硅电池内部光场分布复杂,可在光垂直入射情况下,使TE模和TM模均在有源层中出现较强的导模共振效应,且TM模还可在Ag背反镜中激励起等离子体共振效应,从而使织构型非晶硅电池Ag背反镜的吸收谱表现为多峰值特性,且其吸收峰的峰值大于平板型非晶硅电池的吸收峰峰值.     

工艺参数偏差对纳米压印a-Si太阳电池光学性质的影响

先基于实际工艺条件和频域有限差分法,优化了纳米压印三角带型a-Si太阳电池织构结构,然后重点探讨了有源层和铝背反镜厚度偏差、SiNx增透膜折射率和厚度偏差及织构结构几何尺寸偏差对a-Si太阳电池光电流密度的影响.研究表明:TM模受有源层和铝背反镜厚度偏差、SiNx增透膜折射率和厚度偏差及织构结构几何尺寸偏差的影响较小,平均光电流密度的变化主要受TE模光电流随工艺偏差的影响;增透膜和压印模板制备过程中,有效控制工艺参数的偏离是获得最优a-Si太阳电池设计性能的关键.     

Ag纳米蛾膜结构阵列对薄膜硅太阳能电池光吸收的影响

设计了一种带有Ag纳米蛾膜结构阵列的薄膜硅太阳能电池背反射器.采用时域有限差分(FDTD)法,系统仿真研究了Ag纳米蛾膜阵列的底部直径、高度、阵列周期常数对薄膜硅太阳能电池光吸收的影响.仿真结果表明,Ag纳米蛾膜结构最佳结构参数为:d=60 nm,a=120 nm,h =100 nm.吸收光谱表明带有Ag纳米蛾膜结构的薄膜硅太阳能电池可有效增加700～ 1200 nm波段范围的光,同带有Ag层的薄膜硅太阳能电池相比,光吸收平均增强53.8;,这是因为Si/Ag界面产生表面等离子体共振现象所致.     

采用超薄的GaAs光子晶体吸收层提高太阳能电池的吸收效率

本文提出了一种超薄的GaAs光子晶体吸收层结构.吸收层厚度只有0.2μm,太阳能电池的总厚度只有0.35μm.计算结果表明:当晶格常数T=0.46μm、上表面边长r=0.05μm、下表面边长R=0.1μm、高度为0.2μm时,吸收层的吸收效率较高.在300～700 nm波长范围内,该薄膜太阳能电池的吸收效率比吸收层不含光子晶体的电池提高了61.80;.所设计的薄膜电池结构在波长为300～700 nm、入射角为0°～70°范围内的吸收效率均在60;以上,满足太阳电池对宽频谱、广角度光吸收的要求.     

利用表面等离子激元提高红外探测器效率的研究

目前关于提高红外热探测器吸收效率的研究,主要是上表面金属光栅结构的研究,该结构存在入射光被表面金属反射的问题。本研究提出了一种内部等离子体谐振吸收的红外探测器结构。分析了光栅及探测器结构参数对红外光学吸收的影响,采用COMSOL软件仿真,研究了介质-金属-介质-金属结构红外探测器的吸收效率,并通过结构参数的优化使吸收结构对特定红外波长的吸收率达到99.9;以上,在整个波长范围内平均吸收效率达37.4;。     

绒面ZnO/Si异质结太阳能电池的初步研究

以p型单晶硅<100>作为衬底材料,通过化学腐蚀法得到硅绒面表面结构,采用喷雾热解法沉积掺Al的ZnO薄膜于绒面硅上,结合微电子光刻、磁控溅射和真空蒸镀等工艺制作上、下表面电极,于400 ℃氮气氛围下快速退火合金,得到Ag/Ti/n-ZnO/p-Si/Al异质结太阳能电池.对电池样品进行了原子力显微镜、霍尔效应测试、X射线衍射谱、电流电压特性等分析.得到电池最佳性能为:开路电压V_(oc)=355 mV,短路电流I_(sc)=36 mA,填充因子FF=0.41,电池效率达到5.2;.绒面异质结构有效降低了电池表面的光反射,相对增加了p-n结的有效面积,电池效率得到一定程度的提高.ZnO与Si界面之间SiO_2层的存在是目前影响电池效率的主要因素.     

基于一维光子晶体陷光的超薄晶硅太阳电池光学结构优化

先选择增透膜、Ag底面反射镜和三角带型一维光子晶体结构作为超薄晶硅电池(有源层厚度为12μm)的陷光结构,然后利用有限差分频域法对这一陷光结构进行了优化,最后通过吸收光谱和光电流密度谱对优化的陷光结构性能进行了评估.计算表明:在300 nm≤A≤800 nm的波长范围内,优化陷光结构实现了Yablonovith陷光极限;在800 nm≤A≤1100 nm的波长范围内,该优化陷光结构的性能略低于Yablonovith陷光极限,但明显高于矩形条带式一维光子晶体陷光结构的陷光性能.     

基于AAO纳米光栅的GaAs太阳能电池组合陷光结构设计与仿真

提出了一种新型的表面和底部都带有阳极氧化铝(AAO)纳米光栅的GaAs太阳能电池结构,理论分析了表面和底部陷光作用的原理.利用FDTD Solution软件研究了短路电流密度(Jsc)和AAO几何参数的关系.结果表明,表面AAO和TiO2双减反层能很好的减少反射.背部AAO和Ag背反射可以有效的增大光程,从而减少电池厚度.带有组合陷光结构的电池可以在0°～45°范围内保持较稳定的Jsc数值.与只有减反层的结构相比,在相同Jsc条件下,组合陷光结构可以减少一半GaAs厚度.     

ZnO/Ag球形异质结复合材料的制备及其吸光性能研究

采用水热法制备出球形ZnO颗粒,用微波辅助多元醇法对其表面进行修饰后得到ZnO/Ag异质结复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对样品的结构和形貌进行表征,用紫外-可见光谱分析了样品的吸光性能.结果显示:所制备的ZnO/Ag异质结是由面心立方的Ag纳米颗粒附着在纤锌矿结构的ZnO球表面形成的;与ZnO相比,ZnO/Ag异质结的紫外可见光吸收光谱发生明显红移,在紫外和可见光范围均有较强的吸收.     

Ag@AgCl/Ag3PO4的可见光光催化性能及机理研究

采用沉淀转换法制备了Ag@AgCl/Ag3PO4可见光光催化材料,并采用XRD、UV-vis、SEM及XPS等手段对其进行了表征.以水中甲基橙的降解为探针反应,考察了可见光照射下Ag@AgCl/Ag3PO4的光催化活性.XRD结果表明催化剂的晶型完整.Uv-vis吸收光谱分析可知Ag@AgCl/Ag3PO4催化剂的带隙明显变窄且对可见光吸收增强.SEM分析结果表明催化剂颗粒在0.5μm左右.XPS光谱表明催化剂表面的Ag0与Ag+含量明显增强.经分析可知,Ag@AgCl/Ag3PO4在可见光下具有较高光催化活性的主要原因可归结为:催化剂带隙能的减小、Ag0与AgCl形成的表面等离子共振效应及强氧化性Cl°的协同作用.     

On the inhomogeneity of the transition surface layer of the solid core of the earth

Different geophysical data and conclusions of theoretical models, which can give information about the behavior of the solid and liquid cores of the Earth as well as about the existence of a transition layer as a temperature-hysteresis region at a relatively weak first-order phase transition, are compared. It is concluded that liquid inclusions inevitably exist in this region; these inclusions are involved (due to the complex convective processes occurring in the liquid core) in the transport of light materials from some areas of the solid-core surface. The porosity and permeability of the transition layer determine the seismic acoustic inhomogeneities in these areas, which contact the convective flows in the liquid core. In particular, this explains the well-known ??east-west?? effect. Obviously, the model of the crystalline core is not the only possible alternative for a model of a core with a metallic glasslike structure.     

Study of the influence of the rare-earth elements on the properties of lead iodide

Lead iodide (PbI₂) shows excellent electronic properties for detection of ionizing radiation. We report the introduction of rare-earth elements and other elements as admixtures during synthesis to study their influence on the quality of single crystals. Synthesized material as well as single crystals have been characterized by measurements of electrical resistivity and low-temperature photo luminescence and index of refraction. The structural quality with respect to polytypes was analysed by electron back scatter diffraction. Makyoh topography was applied for surface studies.     

On the role of the porous shell of the solid core of the earth in the anomalous heat and mass flow to the mantle

The model of the pressure-induced first-order phase transition of a metal melt to the metallicglass state considers a thermodynamically nonequilibrium porous near-surface shell of the solid core of the Earth, which contacts cyclonic vortices in the liquid core. Anomalous flows of heat and light-material mass to the mantle from the solid core at these contact points are calculated. These anomalous flows are shown to be comparable with the observed ones under the assumption of a rapid increase in the melt viscosity at pressures of 1–10 Mbar, which is characteristic of a solid core. In this case, the porous layer permeability may be very low.     

Effect of the temperature on the TMOS sono-hydrolysis and a study of the structure of the resulting aged sonogels

The effect of temperature on the oxalic acid catalyzed sono-hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) was studied by means of a heat flux calorimetric method. The activation energy of the process was measured as (24.5 ± 0.8) kJ/mol in the temperature range between 10 and 50 °C. The structural characteristics of the resulting sonogels, after long period of aging in saturated conditions, were studied by means of small angle X-ray scattering. The structure can be described as formed by ∼2.7 nm mean size mass fractal-like aggregates (clusters) of primary silica particles of ∼0.3 nm mean size, all imbibed in a liquid phase. The average mass fractal dimension of the clusters was found to be 2.58. The primary particle density was estimated as 2.23 g/cm³, in good agreement with the value frequently quoted for fused silica. The volume fraction of the clusters in the saturated sonogels was estimated as about 28%. The moment in which the meniscus of the liquid phase penetrates into the clusters under rapid evaporation process has been detected by an inflection in the first derivative of the curve of weight loss in a simple thermogravimetric test.     

Experimental Investigations of the Conditions for the Formation of the Liquid Crystalline State of Polymers

The diagrams of state for concentrated PBG solution in coordinates relating volume fraction-geometric asymmetry and volume fraction-temperature are investigated. The order parameter for macromolecules in the anisortropic phase is dettermined. The experimental data compare with the existing theoretical models for th formation of the liquid crystalline state in solutions of stiff polymer molecule. It is shown that experimental data are in good quantitative agreement with the Flory's lattice model.     

Computer Modelling of the Light Propagation through the Complex Anisotropy Systems - the way of a Determination of the Optical Parameters of the Liquid Crystal Displays

A mathematical and numerical method for an analysis of a liquid crystal displays (LCD) has been presented. The assumptions of the calculations of a light propagation through the display are shown. The real conditions of a work of these displays have been taken into account. Basing of this mathematical model a computer program for a numerical modelling of the optical parameters of LC displays working in real conditions has been worked out. This program makes possible to obtain the most important parameters of a display such as: contrast ratio, luminance in on- and off-state, spectral characteristics of light and its colour coordinates in these both states. The results obtained from this program have been verified experimentally. Very high conformity of these results has been obtained.     

Influence of the Crystal Structure of the Nucleus on the Morphology of t-ZnO Tetrapods

Crystallography Reports - A new approach to simulating the morphology of hierarchical nanocrystals has been proposed on the example of ZnO nanotetrapods. Within this approach, twinning is...     

Features of the magnetic state of the layered Fe-V nanostructure of the superconductor-ferromagnet type

The magnetic state of the V(39 nm)/20 [V(3 nm)/Fe(3 nm)] nanostructure has been investigated by polarized neutron reflectometry in the temperature range from 1.6 to 30 K in magnetic fields from 0.2 to 15 kOe. The data obtained indicate that the superconductivity of vanadium layers may affect magnetic ordering both over the depth of the structure and in its plane.     

Preparation of CdS nanowires by the decomposition of the complex in the presence of microwave irradiation

A novel synthetic route for the preparation of CdS nanowires has been developed. CdS nanowires with a diameter of ca. 4 nm have been successfully prepared by the microwave irradiation of a complex of cadmium-1-pyrrlidine dithio carboxylic acid ammonium (C₅H₁₂N₂S₂, APDTC) [Cd(APDTC)₂]₂ in an ethylenediamine solution. The CdS nanowires were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction pattern, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, diffuse reflection spectroscopy and PL spectroscopy.