化学掺杂Armchair石墨纳米带的第一性原理研究

本文利用第一性原理研究了化学掺杂(N和B)对Armchair石墨纳米带(AGNR)电子性质的影响.结果发现:N和B原子有不同的最佳掺杂位置,掺杂使AGNR分别成为n型或P型半导体.纳米带宽度不同时,掺杂对AGNR电子结构如能级、能隙、轨道分布等有不同影响.     

掺P石墨烯结构和电子性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论第一性原理,在广义梯度近似下,本文研究本征石墨烯和掺杂不同浓度P的石墨烯结构和电子性质并发现本征石墨烯禁带宽度为零;对于P∶C掺杂比分别为1∶17、1∶7、1∶1的石墨烯,其P-C键长由0.142nm的C-C键分别增大为0.1629 nm、0.1625 nm、0.1751 nm,其对应带隙分别由零带隙变为0.28 eV、0.44 eV、1.21eV:费米能级逐渐下降.分析分波态密度后发现,在掺P石墨烯中主要为P原子的3p态电子影响其总态密度.     

(La,Y)掺杂AlN的电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法对纯AlN、(La,Y)单掺杂以及La-Y共掺杂AlN 超胞进行几何结构优化,计算了稀土元素(La,Y)掺杂前后体系的能带结构、态密度和光学性质。结果表明:未掺杂的AlN是直接带隙半导体,带隙值为E_g=4.237 eV,在费米能级附近,态密度主要由Al-3p、N-2s电子轨道贡献电子,光吸收概率大,能量损失较大;掺杂后使得能带结构性质改变,带隙值降低,能带曲线变密集,总态密度整体下移;在光学性质中,稀土元素掺杂后均提高了静态介电常数、光吸收性能,增强了折射率和反射率,减小了电子吸收光子概率及能量损失;其中La-Y共掺体系变化得较为明显。     

空位缺陷对锯齿型硅纳米带电子结构和磁性的影响

基于密度泛函理论,采用广义梯度近似下的第一性原理投影缀加波赝势方法,系统的研究了单空位(双空位)缺陷对锯齿型硅纳米带电子结构和磁性的影响.结果表明:不同位置的单原子空位(双原子空位)锯齿型硅纳米带,结构弛豫后,都能得到一个九边环(八边环),同类缺陷更容易在锯齿型硅纳米带的边缘区域形成;与完整的锯齿型硅纳米带相比,中心位置含空位缺陷(单原子或双原子空位)的锯齿型硅纳米带由原有的反铁磁半导体转变为反铁磁金属;非中心位置含空位缺陷(单原子或双原子空位)的锯齿型硅纳米带则具有铁磁态金属性, 在远离缺陷的纳米带边缘硅原子上局域的分布着差分电荷密度,这使得锯齿型硅纳米带在自旋电子学领域拥有可观的应用前景.     

吸附缺陷对armchair型石墨烯纳米条带输运性质的影响

本文基于第一性原理研究了单个氢原子吸附缺陷对armchair型石墨烯纳米条带电子输运性质的影响.研究发现,吸附缺陷使armchair型石墨烯纳米条带在费米面附近的导电性有所降低,但透射能隙依然存在.缺陷对透射抑制的强弱与其吸附位置有关.在完整石墨烯纳米条带的布洛赫波函数分布几率较大处引入缺陷对电子输运的阻碍作用较大.对于布洛赫波函数分布相同的情况,吸附位置越靠近石墨烯纳米条带中心,则对电子输运的阻碍作用越大.     

扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带吸附镍、铜原子链的电子结构

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带吸附3d过渡金属磁性Ni和非磁性Cu单原子链的结构、电子性质和磁性.吸附体系经过弛豫后,不同宽度纳米带吸附单原子链的稳定结构是不同的.Ni比Cu原子链在石墨烯纳米带表面的吸附更为稳定.原子链吸附在纳米带的边缘洞位(即5AG-1、6AG-1和7AG-1位置)时较为稳定,且稳定程度随着纳米带宽度的增加而增加.原子链和石墨烯纳米带的相互作用使得Ni单原子链吸附体系的磁矩为零.Cu原子链吸附5AG-1的复合体系具有磁性.Ni原子链的吸附体系呈现出带隙较小的半导体性质,而Cu原子链的吸附体系全都表现出金属性质.     

Cu掺杂硅量子点的电子结构和光学性质

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理的方法,对Cu掺杂H钝化硅量子点的形成能、态密度、磁性和光学性质进行了计算,考虑了Cu占据硅量子点替代和间隙的不同位置.结果表明:Cu趋向占据硅量子点表面的六角形间隙位置.Cu掺杂硅量子点引入了杂质能级,带隙变窄.由于Cu的d态p态和Si的p态耦合,导致Cu替代掺杂硅量子点具有铁磁性,且在低能区出现了一个较强的吸收峰.     

Fe对InP材料电子结构及光学性质的调控机理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的线性缀加平面波(FLAPW)方法,研究了3d族过渡金属元素Fe对Ⅲ-Ⅴ族半导体InP的电子结构和光学性质的调控机理,并对其能带结构和电荷密度分布进行了分析.结果表明,InP为直接带隙半导体,其价带主要由P-3s和3p态构成,而导带则由In-5s电子态构成.当Fe元素替代In原子后,由于Fe和P原子的轨道杂化作用,InP带隙中出现杂质态,Fe-3d态产生自旋极化效应.随着Fe的掺杂浓度增大,Fe-P原子之间轨道杂化作用明显增加,费米能级逐渐进入价带,这导致了材料的电子跃迁几率提高,光学吸收边明显增强,跃迁峰发生红移.     

理论研究Stone-Wales缺陷和C掺杂对手性BN纳米带的带隙调控

通过第一性原理密度泛函理论的方法,研究了Stone-Wales 缺陷和C掺杂对手性BN纳米带的带隙调控.结果表明,Stone-Wales 缺陷使得BN纳米带的价带顶(VBM)和导带底(CBM)的占据态发生变化,从而引入了缺陷能级降低了带隙,但Stone-Wales 缺陷的个数对带隙的大小影响不明显.电子结构计算表明,带Stone-Wales 缺陷的BN纳米带的缺陷能级主要是由VBM附近形成N-N原子的类π键轨道和CBM附近形成B-B原子的类σ键分布决定.通过在带Stone-Wales 缺陷的BN纳米带中引入C掺杂改变杂质能级的分布,在VBM附近形成了C-C原子的类σ键轨道和CBM附近形成了C-B原子的类σ键,这样可以进一步降低BN纳米带的带隙,拓展了BN纳米带的应用.     

氧对饵掺杂硅纳米晶粒电子结构和光学性质的影响

采用第一性原理,对O与Er共掺杂硅纳米晶粒的电子结构及光学性质进行了计算.计算结果表明:O原子的掺杂没有影响Er掺硅纳米晶粒的禁带宽度;Er掺硅纳米晶粒结构在紫外区的吸收峰因O原子的掺入明显加强,红外区源于Er原子的吸收峰峰值减小.     

Syntheses and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazoles and by-products

The syntheses, properties, and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazole derivatives are described. Intermediates and by-products are also discussed. 1b. a = 43.997(7) Å, 5.7610(9) Å, 8.245(1) Å, = 99.339(4), C₂/c; 2a. a = 13.646(4) Å, b = 7.744(2) Å, c = 10.612(3) Å, = 91.979(6), P2₁/c. 3a. a = 22.245(1) Å, b = 22.245(1) Å, 10.010(1) Å, P42/n. 3a. a = 11.727(2) Å, b = 14.075(3) Å, c = 16.080(3) Å, = 105.859(3), = 105.331(3), = 98.187(3), P-1. 3b. a = 8.561(3) Å, b = 14.755(5) Å, c = 22.771(7) Å, = 97.006(5), P2₁/c. 3c. a = 10.500(2) Å, b = 12.189(2) Å, c = 13.040(2) Å, = 109.091(3), = 106.089(3), = 101.022(3), P-1. 8a. a = 16.389(8) Å, b = 5.749(3) Å, c = 19.316(3) Å, = 97.467(9), P2₁/n. 8b. a = 5.822(2) Å, b = 10.114(3) Å, c = 16.705(4) Å, = 84.681(5), = 82.840(5), = 75.769(4), P-1. 9b. a = 11.251(1) Å, 13.335(3) Å, 13.376(3) Å, = 102.456(4), P2₁/n. 9c. a = 15.836(3) Å, b = 8.236(2) Å, c = 5.447(3) Å, = 92.551(3), P2₁/c. 10a. a = 13.177(2) Å, b = 14.597(2) Å, c = 5.5505(8) Å, = 110.979(2), Cc. 11a. a = 14.720(2) Å, b = 13.995(2) Å, c = 38.245(6) Å, = 94.430(3), P2₁/n. 12b. a = 15.067(5) Å, b = 20.378(6) Å, c = 8.669(5) Å, = 99.16(4), = 99.32(3), = 105.23(3), P-1. 13b. a = 8.2824(6) Å, b = 10.5245(7) Å, c = 15.518(1) Å, = 92.305(1), = 100.473(1), = 100.124(1), P-1. 15a. a = 15.357(3) Å, b = 7.778(2) Å, c = 22.957(2) Å, Pbca. 16b. a = 18.0384(4) Å, b = 12.474(3) Å, c = 20.078(5) Å, Pbca.     

Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of adsorbent and photoluminescent nanocomposites of starch and silica

Using sol-gel method, mesoporous and photoluminescent silica nanocomposites of soluble starch have been synthesized and characterized. Different ratios of H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used at fixed template (soluble starch) and catalyst (NH₄OH) concentrations to obtain materials of different performances in terms of heavy metal binding from a solution which has been monitored using Cd(II) as representative divalent heavy metal ion. Optimum material was obtained when H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used in 14:1:2 ratio. This sample was not only an efficient metal ion adsorbent but also had an intense luminescence in ultra-violet region and potentially may be used in silicon-based UV-emitting devices. Metal binding by the material was further enhanced after calcination (at 800 °C in air) while its luminescence had a multipeak profile in UV-visible region. In a batch adsorption study, calcined hybrid composite (0.25 g/L) could remove 98.5% Cd(II) from 100 mg/L Cd(II) solution in 2 h. The chemical, structural and textural characteristics of the synthesized materials have been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA), Photoluminescence (PL), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Analysis (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).     

Chemistry and Electrocrystallization of Organic Metals and Superconductors

Abstract

Considerable variation in the conditions of electrochemical crystal growth of TMTSF₂X (i.e., constant current versus constant potential, ambient versus inert atmosphere, etc.) and in the purity of the constituents (donor, electrolyte, solvent) does not significantly affect the unusual low-temperature properties of this class of materials. Our results suggest that the electrocrystallization procedure may be self-purifying by selecting for conducting crystal phases with constituents having specific oxidation potentials and solubility properties. However, doping solutions with structurally and chemically similar constituents (i.e., TMTTF, and IO^? ₄ in CIO^? ₄) leads to their incorporation in the crystal structure where they have a profound effect. Several mole percent of these dopants suppress superconductivity in the PF^? ₆ and CIO^? ₄ salts, and increase and broaden the metal-insulator phase transition.     

Crystal and molecular structures of benz-p-nitroanilide and benz-p-methoxyanilide

The crystal structures of the two carboxylic amides C₁₃H₁₀N₂O₃ (I) and C₁₄H₁₃NO₂ (II) have been determined by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares. The predominant structural feature is the hydrogen bonding (N-H?O=C) which influences the conformations of both structures.     

晶体中负离子配位多面体结晶方位、形变与晶体压电、铁电性

本文研究了压电、铁电晶体中负离子配位多面体的结晶方位与形变,提出了压电晶体中同一种负离子配位多面体的结晶方位是一致的.在铁电晶体中,负离子配位多面体发生形变,伴随着晶体发生顺电-铁电相变,并从这一基本过程出发,对铁电体相变的形成机理进行了讨论.     

Biocrystallization in Bacterial and Fungal Cells and Spores

A series of X-ray diffraction experiments were performed for the first time to study stress-induced biocrystallization (structural response to stress) in the bacteria E. coli, the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus cereus, and in cells and spores of the mycelial fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana. High-intensity areas with spacings of 90 and 44 Å are indicative of a periodically ordered arrangement (most likely nanocrystalline) of the bacterial nucleoid. For the starved bacteria Bacillus cereus, a peak at a spacing of 45 Å is also assigned to nanocrystalline complexes of DNA with the Dps protein. The spores of the fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana VKM F-582, as well as the spores of Bacillus cereus, form ordered arrays of DNA molecules with DNA-condensing acid-soluble proteins SASPs. Starved dehydrated mycelial cells of the fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana form ordered structures with spacings from 27 to 55 Å. A series of peaks reflect the formation of a number of ordered protein arrays, apparently with DNA, with continuously varying characteristic interplanar spacings.     

Preparation and characterization of PbSe nanopowder and quasi-ceramics

By means of the reduction of Pb(II) and Se(IV) with hydrazine, oval monodispersed PbSe nanoparticles characterized by sizes ～100 nm and the cubic symmetry were obtained. Their compaction and sintering into quasi-ceramic state were performed. The samples were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. The results obtained are discussed.     

Melting and short-range order in liquids and glasses

A theory is proposed to explain two-dimensional melting based on the gauge-invariant Lagrangian with spontaneous breaking (Higgs mechanism) or the SU(2) gauge field to U(1) symmetry. The first-order phase transition in two-dimensional melting may be strongly related to the asymptotic freedom-like interaction of the SU(2) gauge field in the case when the distance between each excited disk is shorter than a critical length, 2/ boxv;mboxv, near the melting temperature.     

Structural and spectral studies of N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline

N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine (1) C₁₆H₁₅N, and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline (2) C₁₅H₁₂NCl form isomorphous crystals which are monoclinic, space group P2_l/c, with unit cell dimensionsa=5.967(2),b=13.793(3),c=15.048(5) Å, =91.97(3)° anda=5.868(2),b=13.788(4),c=15.191(4) Å, =91.87(3)°, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of the title compounds revealtrans structures. Ring (A) C_10–15 and ring (B) C_1–6, are practically planar in both structures with dihedral angels of 61.3(3) and 63.6(2)°, respectively.¹H nmr, u.v. and i.r. spectra are also reported.     

Crystal growth and characterization of chromium sulfo- and seleno-spinels

Spinels of the type ACr₂S₄, where A = Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Mn, Fe, or Co and ACr₂Se₄ where A = Cu, Zn, Cd, or Hg exhibit interesting magnetic (ferro-, ferri-, antiferro-), electrical (metallic, semiconducting, insulating), and optical properties. This review covers their crystal growth and crystallographic and chemical characterization.