SrRuO3导电层对快速退火制备Pb(Zr,Ti)O3薄膜结构和性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si基片上,制备了Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT)/Pt和SrRuO3(SRO)/PZT/SrRuO3(SRO)异质结电容器,并研究了快速退火条件下SRO导电层对PZT结构和性能的影响.XRD测试表明,两种结构电容器中的PZT薄膜均为钙钛矿结构,SRO/PZT/SRO、Pt/PZT/Pt均具有较好的铁电性和脉宽依赖性,5 V电压下两电容器的剩余极化强度Pr和矫顽电压Vc分别为28.3 μC/cm2、1.2 V和17.4 μC/cm2、2.1 V.在经过1010次翻转后,SRO/PZT/SRO铁电电容器疲劳特性相对于Pt/PZT/Pt电容器有了较大的改善,但SRO导电层的引入也带来了漏电流增大的问题.     

外延铁酸铋薄膜铁电性和反转特性的研究

采用磁控溅射的方法在以SrRuO3 (SRO)为底电极的(001)取向的SrTiO3基片上制备了外延BiFeO3 (BFO)薄膜,并以氧化铟锡(ITO)和金属Pt为上电极构架了ITO/BFO/SRO和Pt/BFO/SRO两种薄膜电容器,研究上电极对外延BFO薄膜铁电性和反转特性的影响.结果表明,两种薄膜电容器均体现了良好的饱和电滞回线,当测试电场为333 kV/cm时,ITO/BFO/SRO和Pt/BFO/SRO两种电容器的剩余极化强度分别为47.6 μC/cm2和56 μC/cm2,矫顽场分别为223 kV/cm和200 kV/cm.此外,两种薄膜电容器都具有良好的保持和抗疲劳特性.通过反转和非反转电流对时间的积分,可以计算出真实的极化强度.当反转电压幅值为17 V时,ITO/BFO/SRO和Pt/BFO/SRO两种电容器电流的反转时间分别为0.48 μs和0.32μs,真实极化强度的计算值约为41μC/cm2和47 μC/cm2,此计算值和铁电净极化强度的测量值符合的很好.     

(La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3为电极的Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3和Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3铁电电容器结构及电学性能

分别采用磁控溅射法和溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)制备了(La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3(LSCO)和Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3(PZT)薄膜,在Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si基片上构架了LSCO/Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3(PZT(40/60))/LSCO和LSCO/Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3(PZT(20/80))/LSCO铁电电容器,研究了两种铁电电容器的结构和性能。XRD结构分析表明:两种四方相的不同Zr/Ti比例的PZT薄膜均为结晶良好的多晶钙钛矿结构。在5 V测试电压下,LSCO/PZT(40/60)/LSCO和LSCO/PZT(20/80)/LSCO两种铁电电容器的剩余极化强度(Pr)和矫顽场(Ec)分别为:28μC/cm2和1.2 V以及32μC/cm2和2 V。相对于PZT(40/60),PZT(20/80)具有较大的剩余极化强度和矫顽场,是由于其矩形度(c/a)较大。两种电容器都具有较好的脉宽依赖性和抗疲劳性。在5 V的测试电压下,LSCO/PZT(40/60)/LSCO电容器的漏电流密度为3.2×10-5A/cm2,LSCO/PZT(20/80)/LSCO电容器的漏电流密度为3.11×10-4A/cm2,经拟合分析发现:在0～5 V的范围内,两种电容器都满足欧姆导电机制。     

含Ni-Nb阻挡层的硅基Pb(Zr0.4,Ti0.6)O3电容器的制备及铁电性能研究

采用Ni-Nb薄膜作为导电阻挡层,以La0.5Sr0.5CoO3(LSCO)为底电极,构建了LSCO/Pb(Zr0.4,Ti0.6)O3(PZT)/LSCO异质结电容器。使用X射线衍射仪和铁电测试仪对其进行结构表征和性能测试。实验发现:Ni-Nb薄膜为非晶结构,PZT薄膜结晶状况良好。LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器在5 V外加电压测试下,电滞回线具有良好的饱和趋势,剩余极化强度Pr为35.5μC/cm2,矫顽电压Vc为1.42 V,电容器具有良好的抗疲劳特性和保持特性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3铁电薄膜及其光伏特性的研究

使用溶胶-凝胶法在石英玻璃基片上制备了PZT铁电薄膜,通过控制热处理工艺,制备出致密且均匀的PZT铁电薄膜.通过获得高的剩余极化强度,提高PZT膜层的内建电场,从而提高PZT铁电薄膜的光电转化效率.经过500℃高温热处理1h后不仅提高了PZT的结晶度,同时提高了PZT的致密度,PZT薄膜经过电场的极化,可以获得剩余极化强度为17 μc/cm2.紫外光照射下的光电流稳定.     

紫光对外延掺锰铁酸铋薄膜物性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶的方法在(001)取向的SrRuO3/SrTiO3 (SRO/STO)异质结上制备了外延BiFen95 Mn0.05O3(BFMO)薄膜,并以氧化铟锡(ITO)作为上电极构架了ITO/BFMO/SRO型电容器.研究表明,BFMO薄膜为良好的外延生长,当波长为404 nm的紫光入射到电容器表面,产生光电导,漏电流密度变大;测试电压为5V时,无光和光照时的漏电流密度分别为2.92 mA/cm2和10.10 mA/cm2.通过对电流密度的拟合发现:欧姆传导为外延ITO/BFMO/SRO电容器的主要漏电机制,并且光照没有改变电容器的导电机制.在紫光照射下,外延ITO/BFMO/SRO电容器的电滞回线发生变化,这是由于光照在薄膜内部产生光生载流子的缘故.由于光辐射的作用,外延ITO/BFMO/SRO电容器的电容增大.     

含NiTi阻挡层的硅基(La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3/Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3/(La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3铁电电容器异质结

应用磁控溅射法制备的非晶NiTi薄膜作阻挡层,在Si (100)衬底上构造了(La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3/ Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3/(La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3(LSCO/PZT/LSCO)铁电电容器异质结,研究了Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3铁电薄膜的结构和物理性能.实验发现LSCO/PZT/LSCO铁电电容器具有良好的电学性能,在417kV/cm的驱动场强下,PZT铁电电容器具有较低的矫顽场强(125kV/cm)和较高的剩余极化强度(19.0μC/cm2),良好电容-电压特性(C-V)和保持特性,铁电电容器经过1010次反转后,极化强度没有明显下降,表明了非晶NiTi薄膜可以用作高密度硅基铁电存储器的扩散阻挡层.     

La掺杂BiFeO3薄膜铁电及光学性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法分别在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si和ITO/玻璃衬底上制备纯相的铁酸铋(BiFeO3)和La掺杂的铁酸铋(Bi1-xLaxFeO3,x=0.05,0.1)薄膜.XRD测试表明BLFO薄膜为纯钙钛矿相,都呈(111)方向的菱形结构,La掺杂可以提高BFO薄膜的结构稳定性.镧掺杂铁酸铋具有更大的剩余极化值和较小的漏电流.此外,随着La成分的增加,薄膜的基本吸收边呈现红移,并通过Tauc公式计算拟合观察到BLFO的光学带隙逐渐减小.结果发现随着La掺杂量(0,5mol;,10mol;)逐渐增大,薄膜的剩余极化值越大,其禁带宽度(Eg)越小.     

Pb过量对以Ti-Al为阻挡层的硅基铁电电容器极化翻转性能的影响

以射频磁控溅射法生长的La0.5Sr0.5CoO3( LSCO)为电极,采用溶胶-凝胶法在以Ti-Al为导电阻挡层的Si基片上生长了用不同Pb过量前驱体溶液(溶胶)制备的LSCO/Pb( Zro4Ti0.6)O3(PZT)/LSCO电容器,以此构造了Pt/LSCO/PZT/LSCO/Ti-Al/Si异质结.Pb过量对LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器极化翻转性能的影响表明:不同Pb过量溶胶对电容器的极化翻转性能影响很大,其中Pb过量15;的溶胶制备的样品在550℃常规退火1h后相对具有较好的翻转性能.在5V的外加电场下,LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器的矫顽电压和剩余极化强度分别为1.25V和24.6μC/cm2.疲劳和电阻率测试分析表明:在经过109翻转后,不同样品的抗疲劳性能均很好,而电阻率随前驱体溶液Pb过量的增加呈现下降的趋势.     

退火工艺对含Ti-Al阻挡层的硅基Pb(Zr_(0.4),Ti_(0.6))O_3铁电电容器结构和性能影响的研究

应用非晶的Ti-Al薄膜为导电阻挡层,采用射频磁控溅射法和溶胶-凝胶法在Si衬底上制备了La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3/Pb(Zr_(0.4),Ti_(0.6))O_3/La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3/Ti-Al/Si (LSCO/PZT/LSCO/Ti-Al/Si)异质结,研究了550 ℃常规退火(CTA)和快速退火(RTA)工艺对LSCO/PZT/LSCO/Ti-Al/Si结构和性能的影响.实验发现非晶Ti-Al薄膜在经过不同退火工艺后仍具有非晶结构,快速退火6 min的样品具有较好的物理性能.在418 kV/cm的外加电场下,LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器的剩余极化强度和矫顽电场强度分别为22 μC/cm~2和83 kV/cm.LSCO/PZT/LSCO电容器的漏电行为不依赖于退火工艺,当电场强度低于46.7 kV/cm时为欧姆导电,高于46.7 kV/cm时为肖特基导电机制.     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

A SAXS study of kinetics of aggregation of silica sols

SAXS in situ experiments on the evolution of TMOS solutions during hydrolysis and polycondensation lead to power laws with scaling exponents ≈ 2. It is suggested that this could be the result of the polydispersity of the samples and that only an apparent fractal dimension can be obtained in this way. Kinetic studies tend to indicate that agglomeration in the sol is the result of a diffusion-controlled process.     

Study of the possibility of interactive control of the surface profile of X-ray optical elements

We investigate the possibility of controlling the curvature parameters of parabolic mirrors that are modular elements of two types consisting of a base and thin inserts placed at the opposite side of the work surface. In the first type of modular elements, bending is controlled by the difference in the coefficients of the thermal expansion of the base and inserts. In the second type of elements, the profile is changed by the piezoelectric straining of the inserts under an electric field. A correlation is established between the parameters of modular elements and their surface curvature profile.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Mechanism of thermal expansion of structural modifications of zinc pyrovanadate

Crystal chemical characteristics of the α and β modifications of Zn₂V₂O₇ are calculated based on in situ high-temperature X-ray measurements. The expansion of the structure is found to be strongly anisotropic up to the negative volumetric thermal expansion of the α-Zn₂V₂O₇ unit cell in the temperature range of 300–600°С, α _V =–17.94 × 10^–6 1/K. The transformations of the “hard” and “soft” sublattices with an increase temperature and at the phase transition are considered in detail. It is shown that the negative volumetric thermal expansion of α-Zn₂V₂O₇ is due to the degeneracy of the zigzag-like shape of zinc–oxygen columns at constant distances between their vertices.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.     

Investigation of the Mechanism of Influence of Stress Corrosion on the Development of Macroplastic Instabilities of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

Crystallography Reports - Macroscopic jumps of plastic deformation (few percent in amplitude) on creep curves of aluminum–magnesium alloy, caused by a local effect of concentrated solution of...     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.