Nd:NaY(WO4)2晶体生长与开裂研究

本论文采用提拉法(CZ)生长了尺寸为φ15mm×20mm的Nd:NaY(WO4)2晶体,并从理论上讨论了温度梯度、提拉速度、晶体转速和晶体尺寸等工艺参数以及热应变等因素对晶体开裂的影响,给出了生长Nd:NaY(WO4)2晶体的最佳工艺参数.     

大尺寸红外非线性光学晶体LiInSe2的生长与退火研究

硒铟锂(LiInSe2,LISe)晶体在长波红外激光领域有重要应用价值.目前高质量、大尺寸LISe晶体的稳定生长仍然面临挑战,通过气氛退火后处理工艺能够有效提高晶体光学质量.本文采用定向籽晶垂直布里奇曼法,通过精确控制籽晶熔接,实现大尺寸(φ40 mm×60 mm)LISe晶体的批量稳定制备,为目前国际上报道的最大尺寸LISe晶体.另外,系统探索了LISe晶体的退火工艺,研究表明在740℃、LISe本征气氛下退火150 h,可以明显提高LISe晶体器件光学质量.     

NaBi（WO4）2晶体生长工艺研究

采用提拉法(Cz法)生长了45×40mm大尺寸钨酸铋钠(NaBi(WO4)2,简称NBW)晶体,探讨了工艺参数和晶体开裂间的关系,并根据Brice模型,讨论了晶体中的热应力、热应变和晶体尺寸、温度梯度、提拉速度、晶体转速之间的关系,设计了生长NBW的最佳工艺条件液面上下10mm内温差为0.8℃/mm,拉速2～4mm/h,转速12～18r/min,冷却速率25℃/h.     

φ200mm蓝宝石晶体生长工艺研究

采用单晶提拉炉成功生长出φ200mm ×180mm大尺寸Al2O3晶体.探讨了晶体生长工艺参数和晶体开裂之间的关系,并讨论了晶体中的热应力、热应变、温度梯度、提拉速度之间的关系,分析了影响晶体质量主要是晶体开裂的原因,设计出生长大尺寸Al2O3晶体的最佳工艺条件.     

锗酸铅(Pb5Ge3O11)铁电单晶的生长与缺陷研究

采用坩埚下降法成功生长了铁电锗酸铅(Pb5Ce3O11)单晶.所用Pt坩埚尺寸为φ25mm × 200mm和φ10mm×60mi,炉温控制在高于熔点50～80℃,固液界面温度梯度小于25℃/cm,生长速率小于0.5mm/h.所得晶体呈浅棕色,最大尺寸达φ25mm×60mm.采用光学显微镜(OM)及电子探针(EPMA)研究了所得晶体的生长缺陷(气泡、包裹体等),讨论了产生这些缺陷的原因,提出了控制及减少此类缺陷的方法.     

国产大尺寸钛宝石晶体助力世界最强脉冲激光放大输出

自主研发成功热交换法生长大尺寸钛宝石晶体设备,生长出完整无开裂的钛宝石激光晶体毛坯,经加工获得尺寸达φ235 mm×72 mm的晶体元件.在180 mm口径范围内,晶体光学均匀性达到5.52×10-5,晶体应力双折射为5.0 nm/cm.大尺寸钛宝石晶体应用于上海超强超短激光实验装置,获得339 J激光脉冲能量输出,峰值功率达10.3 PW.     

提拉法制备铜单晶研究

采用提拉法生长出大尺寸(111)铜单晶,晶体尺寸为ф(12～19)mm×85 mm.通过XRD、金相显微分析讨论了铜单晶的晶体结构与生长缺陷,并采用双臂电桥测定(111)铜单晶的电阻率.结果表明:晶体具有(111)取向、强度高,表明晶体取向良好;蚀坑呈典型三角锥形,位错密度在105～106 cm-2之间;在室温下,(111)铜单晶电阻率为1.289×10-8Ω·m.     

BiB3O6晶体最佳生长方向的确定

非线性光学晶体BiB3O6属单斜晶系,晶体的极性生长严重.采用不同方向的籽晶,晶体的形状、尺寸、质量和生长速度有着很大的差异.为了确定晶体的最佳生长方向,热膨胀性能被考虑.通过分析热膨胀椭球,[101]方向被确定为最佳籽晶方向.在适合的高温溶液条件和工艺参数下,沿着该方向,成功生长了尺寸为30mm×30mm×40mm、重120g的BiB3O6晶体.     

CLBO晶体生长与紫外倍频性能研究

CLBO晶体是一种性能优良的新型激光紫外倍频晶体材料,本文采用改进的顶部籽晶法生长出大尺寸、高光学质量的CLBO晶体.用尺寸为6mm×5mm×10mm的CLBO四倍频样品测量了晶体对Nd:YAG,1064nm四倍频的紫外倍频性能,266nm激光输出功率达到780mW.针对CLBO晶体的潮解开裂问题,在CLBO倍频器工作和存放时,采用恒温加热套管保护,有效地防止了晶体的潮解开裂.     

高温超导衬底材料SrLaAlO4晶体的生长及特性

用提拉法生长了不开裂的高温超导衬底材料SrLaAlO4晶体,晶体尺寸为(25～30)mm×(50～60)mm.该晶体具有K2NiF4型结构,晶格常数为a=0.375nm,c=1.263nm.生长的晶体颜色随着生长时炉膛内氧气氛的含量的增加而逐渐加深.测量了晶体的室温下的介电常数及介电损耗分别为20及8×10-4.     

晶体生长溶液、熔体结构与生长基元

根据喇曼光谱、红外光谱测试了晶体生长的水溶液、溶剂和熔体的结构,并且在水热条件下进行了外加直流电场的实验,证实了晶体生长基元为负离子配位多面体,在不同的温度和溶液浓度条件下,负离子配位多面体相互联结成不同结构形式和不同维度的生长基元(聚集体),不同维度的生长基元往晶体各个面族上的叠合速率是各不相同的,表现在同一种晶体在不同的生长条件下,其结晶形态可以各不相同,由此进一步阐述了负离子配位多面体生长基元理论模型的合理性.     

NaCo2O4晶体的生长,形貌和生长机理研究（英文）

采用自发成核方法,以NaCl-Na2CO3为助熔剂,生长了毫米级的NaCo2O4晶体。通过X射线衍射对晶体作了表征。利用扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜研究了晶体的形貌和生长机理。结果表明:所得晶体是NaCo2O4,属于六方晶系,晶胞参数:a=b=0.2842 nm,c=1.0894 nm,V=0.0761997 nm3。NaCo2O4晶体是沿c轴层状生长的,同时从阴离子配位多面体的角度分析了晶体的形貌。     

Growth mechanisms,polytypism, and real structure of kaolinite microcrystals

The mechanisms of growth of kaolinite microcrystals (0.1–5.0 μm in size) at deposits related to the cluvial weathering crust, as well as to the low-temperature and medium-temperature hydrothermal processes of transformations of minerals in different rocks in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Czechia, Vietnam, India, Cuba, and Madagascar, are investigated using transmission electron microscopy and vacuum decoration with gold. It is established that kaolinite microcrystals grow according to two mechanisms: the mechanism of periodic formation of two-dimensional nuclei and the mechanism of spiral growth. The spiral growth of kaolinite microcrystals is dominant and occurs on steps of screw dislocations that differ in sign and magnitude of the Burgers vector along the c axis. The layered growth of kaolinite originates from a widespread source in the form of a step between polar (+ and ?) dislocations, i.e., a growth analogue of the Frank-Read dislocation source. The density of growth screw dislocations varies over a wide range and can be as high as ～10⁹ cm^?2. Layered stepped kaolinite growth pyramids for all mechanisms of growth on the (001) face of kaolinite exhibit the main features of the triclinic 1Tc and real structures of this mineral.     

Cobalt phthalocyanine nanowires: Growth,crystal structure,and optical properties

Cobalt phthalocyanine nanowires with new crystal structure and broad optical absorption spectra were fabricated by using organic vapor phase deposition method. The morphology, crystal structure and optical properties of CoPc nanowires were characterized by SEM, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and UV‐visible spectroscopies. Analyses of X‐ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicate that the crystal structure of CoPc nanowires represents a new polymorph, which is designated J‐CoPc. These J‐CoPc nanowires with high directionality (average diameter ∼50 nm) surprisingly possess much broader optical absorption spectra in the visible spectral region than those of the α‐ and β‐phase CoPc, enabling high potential for practical applications in novel molecular electronic/optical devices.     

Growth and structural, optical, and electrical properties of zincite crystals

An X-ray diffraction study of ZnO crystals grown by the hydrothermal method has revealed reflections that give grounds to assign them to the sp. gr. P3 rather than to P6₃ mc. The distribution of Zn1, Zn2, O1, and O2 over structural positions, along with vacancies and incorporated zinc atoms, explains the dissymmetrization observed in terms of the kinetic (growth) phase transition of the order-disorder type, which is caused by ordering Zn and O atoms over structural positions. The color of crystals of refined compositions (Zn_0.975□_0.025)Zn _i(0.015)(O_0.990□_0.010) (green) and (Zn_0.965□_0.035)Zn _i(0.035)O (bright green) is related to different oxygen contents, which is confirmed by the results of electron probe X-ray microanalysis and absorption spectroscopy. The degree of the structural quality of crystals, their resistivity, and activation energy are also related to oxygen vacancies.     

Growth,spectral and thermal studies of ibuprofen crystals

RS ‐Ibuprofen was crystallized for the first time in silica gel under suitable pH conditions by reduction of solubility method. The grown crystals were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and density measurement. The functional groups present in the crystal were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Optical bandgap energy of ibuprofen was estimated as 3.19(3) eV from UV‐Vis spectrum. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that ibuprofen is thermally stable upto 102.9 °C and the initial loss of mass was due to evaporation only. Morphological study showed that the growth is prominent along b‐axis and the prominent face is {100}. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Growth, structure, and properties of KTiOPO4 crystals doped with iron

A series of iron-doped KTiOPO₄ (KTP: Fe) single crystals in which iron substitutes for 0.1–0.3% titanium was grown. The structure of the KTP: Fe crystals was determined, and their dielectric and conducting properties were studied. An X-ray diffraction analysis failed to reveal such asmall amount of Fe⁺³ ions in titanium octahedral positions of the structure. It was found that an increase in the iron concentration results in a lowering of the symmetry of Ti(1)O₆ and Ti(2)O₆ octahedra. The splitting of the dielectric anomaly due to the ferroelectric phase transition was explained by the mechanism of incorporation of an impurity into different growth pyramids of the crystals. It was established that the aging of the KTP: Fe crystals leads to changes in the permittivity and electrical conductivity during long storage.     

高质量GdxY1—xCOB晶体生长及其1．064μm二、三倍频非临界相位匹配性质

本文介绍了高质量非线性光学晶体GdxY1-xCa4O(BO3)3(GdYCOB)的生长,在这类晶体的Y向实现了1．064μm激光的Ⅱ类二倍频（SHG）和Ⅰ类三倍频（THG）的非临界相位匹配（NCPM）;在x=0.20的晶体中实现倍频NCPM,基频输入功率为110mW时,输出的532nm绿光为40.3mW,转换效率达36．7％,在x=0.22的晶体中实现三倍频的NCPM,输入功率为133mW时,输出的355nm紫外光为19.7mW,在输入功率为80mW时,转换效率为21％。     

Growth,etching morphology and spectra of LiAlO2 crystal

γ‐LiAlO₂ single crystal was successfully grown by Czochralski method. The crystal quality was characterized by X‐ray rocking curve and chemical etching. The effects of air‐annealing and vapor transport equilibration (VTE) on the crystal quality, etch pits and absorption spectra of LiAlO₂ were also investigated in detail. The results show that the as‐grown crystal has very high quality with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 17.7‐22.6 arcsec. Dislocation density in the middle part of the crystal is as low as about 3.0×10³ cm^–2. The VTE‐treated slice has larger FWHM value, etch pits density and absorption coefficient as compared with those of untreated and air‐annealed slices, which indicates that the crystal quality became inferior after VTE treatment. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)