Al2O3陶瓷非等温烧结研究

以高纯α-Al2O3粉体为原料,采用非等温烧结法制备了纯Al2O3陶瓷(AL)及掺杂MgO-Y2O3复合助剂的AJ2O3陶瓷(ALMY).研究了AL和ALMY在不同烧结温度下的相对密度、显微结构及硬度.结果表明,在非等温烧结中,纯Al2O3致密化的烧结温度范围较窄,烧结温度为1500℃时,其相对密度及硬度分别为98.1;和18.1GPa,当烧结温度为1600℃时,AL由于晶粒显著粗化,且产生了晶内气孔,相对密度及硬度分别显著下降到94.6;和12.5 GPa.MgO-Y2O3复合助剂的引入拓宽了Al2O3致密化的烧结温度范围,细化了显微结构,烧结温度在1500℃和1600℃时,ALMY的相对密度均在98;以上,硬度分别为19.2 GPa和17.6 GPa.     

烧结温度对96Al2O3陶瓷力学性能及热导率的影响

采用CaO-MgO-SiO2为烧结助剂,采用无压烧结技术,研究了烧结温度对96Al2O3陶瓷热导率及力学性能的影响.采用阿基米德排水法、三点弯曲法、激光脉冲法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段和设备,对烧结后陶瓷样品的密度、力学性能、热导率和微观组织结构进行了分析研究.研究结果表明:1600℃烧结的Al2O3样品的具有较好的导热性和力学性能,其热导率、密度、维氏硬度和抗弯强度分别为24.9W/(m·K),3.82g/cm3,(13.8±0.2)GPa,(362.9±26.9)MPa.     

AlO3-Re2O3(Re=La,Nd,Y,Lu)对无压烧结Si3N4陶瓷显微结构与力学性能的影响

研究了二元助剂Al2O3-Re2O3(Re=La,Nd,Y,Lu)对无压烧结Si3N4陶瓷的相对密度、显微结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明:经1800℃无压烧结后,Si3N4陶瓷试样的相对密度均达到97;以上;以Al2O3-Lu2O3为烧结助剂的Si3N4陶瓷试样具有最高的维氏硬度和抗弯强度,分别为15.2±0.18 GPa和920±5 MPa.     

Y2O3添加对Yb2Si2O7无压烧结致密化的影响

以Yb2O3粉末和溶胶-凝胶法制备的活性SiO2凝胶为原料,在1550℃保温4h合成了具有单斜结构的单相Yb2Si2O7粉体.采用无压烧结方法获得了Yb2Si2O7陶瓷.通过添加Y2O3烧结助剂,获得了气孔率为3.2;的致密Yb2Si2O7陶瓷.采用XRD、SEM方法对烧结体的结构、成分和形貌进行测试与表征.结果表明:烧结体均为单相的Yb2Si2O7,不含其它杂质相.Y2O3的添加大大降低了烧结体的气孔率,促进了烧结的致密化.所得致密Yb2Si2O7陶瓷的平均晶粒尺寸为1～2 μm,大部分晶粒为颗粒状晶粒.     

助烧剂与脱胶工艺对微波烧结Al2O3陶瓷性能的影响

采用微波烧结方式制备Al2O3陶瓷,研究了助烧剂含量和素坯脱胶工艺对Al2O3陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:相较于传统无压烧结,微波烧结有利于降低Al2O3陶瓷的烧结温度,并提高致密度和力学性能.脱胶后烧结体晶粒结合更加紧密,界面结合强度有明显提高,断裂模式以穿晶断裂为主.当MgO与Y2O3添加量为0.7wt;时,Al2O3陶瓷致密度稳定在99.1;以上,断裂韧度和维氏硬度分别达到4.9 MPa·m1/2和17.0 GPa.     

MgO-Al2O3-Re2O3(Re=Lu,Y)对无压烧结Si3N4陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

研究了MgO-Al2O3-Re2O3(Re=Lu,Y)三元烧结助剂体系对无压烧结Si3N4陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,添加MgO-Al2O3-Lu2O3三元助剂制备的Si3N4陶瓷显微结构具有明显的双峰分布,晶粒较粗化,致密度、硬度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性分别为96.4;、14.59 GPa、964 MPa、7.64 MPa·m1/2;而添加MgO-Al2O3-Y2O3三元助剂制备的Si3N4陶瓷具有细化的显微结构,致密度、硬度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性分别为99.9;、15.29 GPa、758 MPa、6.60 MPa·m1/2.     

Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体的叠层结构优化分析

采用真空热压烧结的方式制备出Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体.通过显微压痕强度实验,研究Al2O3-TiC层和Al2 O3-TiC-CaF2层的叠层厚度和层厚比对陶瓷材料硬度和断裂韧性的影响,并且用有限元方法对叠层陶瓷材料烧结过程中的残余应力进行分析.结果表明:Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体具有良好的层间界面,晶粒结合紧密;在模具坯体叠层部分总高度不变的情况下,当叠层数目为5,层厚比(Al2O3-TiC层:Al2O3-TiC-CaF2层)为1∶1时,叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体的硬度值和断裂韧性值达到最大,分别为18.2 ±0.3 GPa和5.7 ±0.2 MPa·m1/2;在烧结冷却过程中,由于不同材料层的热膨胀系数和弹性模量而引起的残余应力是该叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体具有良好机械性能的原因.     

感应区熔法制备Al2O3/MgAl2O4/ZrO2共晶陶瓷

利用感应区熔法制备了Al2O3/MgAl2O4/ZrO2共晶陶瓷.当坩埚壁温为2200℃、行走速度为2mm/h时,制备了φ10 mm ×62 mm表面光滑致密的陶瓷样品.扫描电镜微观组织图显示Al2O3相和MgAl2O4相为基体相,ZrO2相以棒状镶嵌在基体中.定向凝固共晶陶瓷硬度和断裂韧性达到12 GPa和6.1 MPa·m1/2,为预烧结体的2倍和1.7倍.气孔和晶界的消失及细小规整ZrO2相在基体中的弥散分布,有效提高了材料的硬度和断裂韧性.     

Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷激光近净成形工艺研究及性能分析

利用激光近净成形技术及未添加任何粘结剂的纯陶瓷粉末直接制备了Al2O3/ZrO2共晶陶瓷薄壁结构,对成形工艺进行了研究,获得了优化的工艺参数范围,并利用XRD、SEM及显微硬度测量等手段对成形样件的化学成分、微观组织、硬度及断裂韧性等进行了分析.结果表明,随激光功率的增加,成形件的裂纹呈先减少后增多的规律,裂纹数量在激光功率为454 W时开始明显减少,而当超过582 W时则又开始逐渐增多.成形样件的微观组织为共晶间距约100 nm的致密共品组织,主要由稳定的α-Al2O3与t-ZrO2构成,微观硬度最高可达17.5 GPa,断裂韧性为4.8 ±0.3 MPa·m1/2,达到了传统方法的制备水平.该研究表明激光近净成形技术基于陶瓷材料的熔化-凝固成形,为直接快速制备高性能陶瓷结构提供了一种全新的选择.     

区熔法制备Al2O3/MgAl2O4共晶陶瓷

利用感应区熔法制备了Al2O3/MgAl2O4共晶陶瓷.当坩埚壁温为2150℃、行走速度为5 mm/h时,获得了φ10 mm×104 mm表面光滑的圆棒.结果表明共晶陶瓷由Al2O3相和MgAl2O4相组成,分别按照(110)(311)晶面生长;Al2O3相为基体相,MgAl2O4相以非连续的片状均匀地分布在基体相之中.定向凝固共晶陶瓷的密度是理论值的99;;硬度和断裂韧性分别达到18.7 GPa和3.74 MPa·m1/2,约是预烧结体的2倍.气孔和界面非晶相的消失以及以单晶形态存在的Al2O3基体相,有效提高了材料的硬度和断裂韧性.     

Strain-reduced GaN thick-film grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy utilizing dot air-bridged structure

A 300 μm GaN thick-film, in diameter 1.5 in, was demonstrated without any crack by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) growth. The technique used in relaxing the residual stress caused by differences of thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) and lattice constants between GaN and sapphire substrate to prevent GaN film from crack is called a dot air-bridged structure. After the laser lift-off process, 300-μm-thick freestanding GaN wafer, in diameter 1.5 in, could be fabricated. The compressive stress in the dot air-bridged structure was measured by micro-Raman spectroscopy with the E₂(high) phonon mode. The compressive stress could be reduced to as small as 0.04 GPa, which could prevent the crack during the epitaxial process for GaN growth by HVPE. It is important to obtain a large-area crack-free GaN thick-film, which can be used for fabricating freestanding GaN wafer.     

Study of the structure of PyHReO4 under high pressure

The structure of deuterated pyridinium perrhenate (d₅PyH)ReO₄ (C₅D₅NHReO₄) is studied by X-ray diffraction at room temperature and pressures up to 3.5 GPa and by neutron diffraction in the temperature range 10–293 K and at pressures up to 2.0 GPa. Under normal conditions, this compound belongs to the orthorhombic space group Cmc2₁ (ferroelectric phase II). At room temperature and pressures above P > 0.7 GPa, a transition to an orthorhombic phase (paraelectric phase II) is observed. This paraelectric phase is described by the space group Cmcm. At a pressure as high as P = 2.0 GPa, phase I remains stable at temperatures down to 10 K. This fact indicates that the high pressure suppresses the ferroelectric state in deuterated pyridinium perrhenate (d₅PyH)ReO₄.     

Na3La2(BO3)3的晶体结构

以Na2CO3-H3BO3-NaF为助熔剂,使用顶部籽晶法生长出Na3La2(BO3)3透明单晶.测定了Na3La2(BO3)3的晶体结构,该晶体属正交晶系,空间群:mm2(No.38),晶胞参数为a＝0.51580(10)nm,b=1.1350(2)nm,c=0.73230(15)nm,α＝β＝γ＝90°,V＝0.42871(15)nm3,密度:.053g/cm3.晶体结构中的硼氧基团是平面的BO3基团,BO3基团相互独立,且与Na(1)O6、Na(2)O8、Na(3)O6和La(1)O9配位多面体连结形成三维网络骨架结构.讨论了Na3La2(BO3)3的晶体结构与倍频效应的关系.     

MAEAM investigation of the structural stability and theoretical strength of Fe crystals under uniaxial loading

The structural stability and theoretical strength of BCC crystal Fe under uniaxial loading have been investigated with the modified analytic embedded‐atom method (MAEAM). Even if an orthorhombic path is applied, the deformation is spontaneous along the tetragonal path till Milstein modified Born criterion B₂₂‐B₂₃>0 is violated at λ₁=0.9064 in the compressive region. The branched orthogonal path with lower compressive stress σ₁ and energy E is preferred over the conventional tetragonal Bain path. A stress‐free FCC phase with the local maximum energy of ‐4.2186eV appearing either in compressive region (orthorhombic path) at λ₁=0.8923 or in tensile region (tetragonal path) at λ₁=1.2619 is unstable and would slip spontaneously into its near neighbor stress‐free mBCT phase with the local minimum energy of ‐4.2270eV. The initial BCC phase with the lowest energy of ‐4.280eV is the most stable in correspondence with the actual behavior of Fe. Furthermore, the stable region ranges from ‐79.7eV/nm³ to 30.6eV/nm³ in the theoretical strength or from 0.9064 to 1.1788 in the stretch λ₁ correspondingly. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Orthorhombic Pbcn SnO2 nanowires for gas sensing applications

Pure monocrystalline orthorhombic SnO₂ nanowires decorated and non-decorated with cassiterite SnO₂ nanoclusters are analyzed and compared with pure monocrystalline cassiterite SnO₂. We corroborate the coexistence of both, cassiterite and orthorhombic phases, having a higher growth speed for the cassiterite one, in the obtained nanowires by the evaporation/condensation technique. For both phases, the building blocks are the [SnO₆]^8? octahedron which are forming chains of edge-sharing octahedral along the [0 0 1] direction for the cassiterite phase, while in the orthorhombic phase, chains run in a zigzag fashion and contains four octahedra on each unit of chain instead of two previously reported for orthorhombic material obtained at high pressure conditions as Pbcn SnO₂ orthorhombic structure. Results obtained reveal singular structural characteristics of these synthesized orthorhombic nanowires.     

Amorphization from the quenched high-pressure phase of silicon and germanium

The phase transitions from the quenched high-pressure phase, including amorphous state, have been investigated for crystalline silicon and germanium at various pressures. X-ray diffraction patterns have been measured at pressures up to 15 GPa and temperatures down to 90 K by an energy-dispersive method using synchrotron radiation and a diamond anvil cell. The quenched β-Sn phase undergoes an amorphous phase transition when heated at 1.5 GPa for c-Si and 2.0 GPa for c-Ge. On the other hand, the quenched β-Sn phase transforms into a metastable crystalline phase when heated at higher pressures. The phase behavior is discussed in relation to the pressure dependence of the height of potential barrier between the β-Sb and amorphous phases and that between the β-Sn and metastable phases. The coordination number for the pressure-induced amorphous germanium, obtained through amorphization from the quenched high-pressure phase, is estimated to be about 4.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Characterization of (Z)-2-N′-hydroxyisonicotinamidine

The compound (Z)-2-N′-hydroxyisonicotinamidine, (2) was synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, FT-IR, FAB-Mass, UV-Visible Spectra, and elemental Analysis. Its molecular structure was solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The title molecule, C₆H₇N₃O is crystallized in the orthorhombic crystal system with the space group Pna2₁ and with unit cell parameters a = 12.5664(8) Å, b = 8.8622(6) Å, c = 5.7953(4) Å, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°, and Z = 4. The molecular and crystal structure of the title molecule is stabilized by an intramolecular interaction of the type N—H···O, and the intermolecular interactions of types N—H···N and O—H···N.     

Atomistic and Ab initio modeling of CaAl<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> high-pressure polymorphs under Earth’s mantle conditions

Semi-empirical and ab initio theoretical investigation of crystal structure geometry, interatomic distances, phase densities and elastic properties for some CaAl₂O₄ phases under pressures up to 200 GPa was performed. Two independent simulation methods predicted the appearance of a still unknown super-dense CaAl₂O₄ modification. In this structure, the Al coordination polyhedron might be described as distorted one with seven vertices. Ca atoms were situated inside polyhedra with ten vertices and Ca–O distances from 1.96 to 2.49 Å. It became the densest modification under pressures of 170 GPa (density functional theory prediction) or 150 GPa (semi-empirical prediction). Both approaches indicated that this super-dense CaAl₂O₄ modification with a “stuffed α-PbO₂” type structure could be a probable candidate for mutual accumulation of Ca and Al in the lower mantle. The existence of this phase can be verified experimentally using high pressure techniques.     

Sequence of phase transitions in PbHfO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

The temperature changes in the PbHfO₃ structure in the temperature range of 20 < t < 400°C have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction. The sequence of phase changes with an increase in temperature was found to be as follows: orthorhombic phase Pbam (O1), orthorhombic phase C2mm (O2), tetragonal phase P4mm (T), and cubic phase Pm3m (C). The C2mm and P4mm phases are ferroelectric, which is confirmed by measuring the dependences ɛ(t). The similarity of the transition pattern obtained with the known transition sequences for ferroelectric (barium titanate, potassium niobate, and lead titanate) and antiferroelectric (lead zirconate) oxides is analyzed.     

A new centrosymmetric modification of synthetic hilgardite Pb<Subscript>2</Subscript>[B<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>9</Subscript>](OH) · 0.5H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O

A new centrosymmetric modification of Pb-hilgardite Pb₂[B₅O₉](OH) · 0.5H₂O is synthesized hydrothermally under conditions close to natural. This modification is intermediate between the centrosymmetric monoclinic phase studied earlier and the polar orthorhombic phase. The occupancies of the framework voids with water molecules, OH-groups, and halogen atoms are considered for all the known varieties of hilgardite. The correlation between the conditions of hilgardite formation and types of structure is established.