KTP晶体的溶解度测定及其水热法生长

在溶液填充度f=70;,温度T=400,450,500和550℃的条件下,本实验通过淬冷失重法测定了KTP晶体在K2HPO4+KH2PO4水溶液中的溶解度.结果发现:在温度T≥450℃,K2HPO4和KH2PO4的浓度分别为2 mol/1和0.1 mol/1的条件下,KIP晶体在溶液中有足够大的溶解度和溶解度温度系数.该结果符合水热法生长KTP晶体的要求.并且通过水热法在溶液填充度f=70;,温度T=470～520℃的条件下,以2mol/1 K2HPO4+0.1 mol/1KH2PO4+1;质量分数H2 O2为矿化剂,合成出尺寸为24×14×60 mm3的KTP晶体.     

金属有机配合物-硫脲硫酸锌晶体的生长探索

采用水溶液法生长了多块厘米级金属有机配合物ZTS晶体,其中最大尺寸者达1.5cn×3.2cm×3.0cm.所得晶体无色透明,外形较完整,由10个单形、共22个晶面组成,在大气中能够长期稳定存在.该晶体在水中溶解度和溶解度温度系数都较小,在水溶液中生长其晶体以降温和蒸发相结合的方法为宜.采用X射线单晶衍射法验证了所生长的晶体.测定了该晶体的红外光谱,发现该晶体在红外光区400～4000 cm-1范围内有较多强吸收带.     

仿祖母绿立方氧化锆晶体的光谱特性研究

利用冷坩埚法生长了掺杂不同种类及含量着色离子的仿祖母绿立方氧化锆晶体(ZrO2),研究了它们的透射光谱特性,并分析了它们与国外仿祖母绿立方ZrO2晶体、天然祖母绿以及合成祖母绿在光谱特性上的差异.研究结果表明,仿祖母绿立方ZrO2晶体所形成的主要特征吸收峰源于Pr3+、Co3+和Cr3+等着色离子的特定能级跃迁.通过改变掺入着色离子的种类及含量可以调控特征吸收峰的宽度和强度,使仿祖母绿立方ZrO2的颜色与天然祖母绿接近.     

祖母绿晶体水热生长习性研究

本文研究了在水热条件下祖母绿晶体的生长习性,指出了祖母绿晶面的发育顺序,并用负离子配位多面体生长基元理论进行了解释,根据对晶体的不同用途结合晶体生长习性采用不同的籽晶切型,生长出了符合特殊形态要求的祖母绿晶体.     

水热体系中不同前驱物对合成镁铝水滑石微结构的影响

以不同的镁源、铝源组合为前驱物,利用XRD、SEM及EDS比较研究了水热体系中不同的前驱物组合对合成镁铝水滑石(Mg-Al-LDHs)晶体微结构及晶体生长的影响,同时利用生长基元的配位体理论对其生长机理进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明:当固定体系的pH =12,水热温度120℃、水热时间18h的条件下,不同的前驱物组合均可以合成结晶度较好的镁铝水滑石晶体;但不同的镁源、铝源组合对产物的物相、分散性、结晶规整性、厚径比、纯度、大小及微结构有一定的影响.当镁源固定为MgCl2,铝源分别为Al2O3、Al(NO3)3、AlCl3时,不溶性氧化铝合成的LDHs规整性、分散性及纯度较差,晶体发育不完整;当铝源分别为溶解度较好Al(NO3)3、AlCl3时,合成产物LDHs晶体的结晶度、规整性、分散性及纯度较好,但由于溶解度和相连阴离子极性的不同,造成产物微结构的微小差异;当镁源固定为溶解度较大的Mg(NO3)2时,铝源分别为Al(NO3)3、AlCl3时,同溶解度较小MgCl2相比,更有利于合成结晶度、规整度、尺寸更小的镁铝水滑石晶体.溶解度较大的镁源、铝源前驱物组合合成的镁铝水滑石有更高的结晶度和规整度.EDS分析证实,溶解度较差的Al2O3合成的镁铝水滑石纯度较差.溶解度较好的不同镁源、铝源前驱物组合合成的镁铝水滑石不含有任何其它阴离子杂质,平均镁铝比约为3,非常接近LDHs的理论值.     

CH4NS掺杂金刚石的高压合成及其色心研究

压力、温度分别为6.5 GPa、1300 ～1350℃的实验条件下,在FeNi-C体系中添加硫脲(CH4N2S),利用温度梯度法成功合成了掺杂CH4 N2S的金刚石.光致发光(PL)光谱测试结果表明:所合成的金刚石晶体中均有尖锐的Raman峰存在,且该峰位于522 nm处;当合成体系中CH4N2S的添加量为1 mg时,所对应的晶体中未发现有NV色心存在,但在以晶种(100)面生长的金刚石晶体中出现了3H色心,并且3H色心会随着合成体系中CH4N2S添加量的增加逐渐消失.当合成体系中添加2 mg的CH4N2S时,以(111)面为生长面所合成的金刚石晶体中同时含有NV0和NV-色心,此时NV-色心所对应的PL谱的强度是所有晶体中最强的.当合成体系中添加3 mg的CH4N2S时,不管以(100)还是(111)为生长面,所获得的金刚石晶体中只含有NV-色心.     

用碳化硅合成的金刚石微晶的抗氧化性

用碳化硅加Ni70Mn25Co5合金体系在高温高压下合成出具有完好晶形的金刚石微晶.通过粒度分析和热重量分析对这种晶体的热稳定性进行了评价.作为比较,对工业上用石墨合成的六种不同粒度的金刚石微粉和微晶也作了热重量分析.结果表明,用石墨合成的四种普通金刚石微粉的氧化温度随粒度的减小而明显降低,当粒度为80～100μm到1～2.5μm时,其起始氧化温度为770℃到627℃;两种未经破碎的金刚石微晶的抗氧化性能明显较高,其粒度为20～70μm,起始氧化温度为806℃和819℃.与它们相比,用碳化硅合成出的金刚石晶体的粒度分布在10～50μm范围,而起始氧化温度为838℃,完全氧化温度为1101℃,比用石墨合成的未经破碎的金刚石微晶具有更高的抗氧化性能.本文定性地讨论了用碳化硅合成的金刚石具有高耐热性的原因,认为完好的表面和硅杂质的存在可能对这种晶体热稳定性起了重要作用.     

新型有机非线性光学晶体-L-苹果酸脲晶体生长的初步探讨

本文初步探讨了新型非线性光学晶体-L-苹果酸脲的晶体生长,研究结果表明,L-苹果酸脲晶体在甲醇、乙醇和水三种介质中的溶解度温度系数均较大,同温度下L-苹果酸脲晶体在水中的溶解度最大,无水甲醇次之,无水乙醇中最小.L-苹果酸脲晶体在无水甲醇中的成核自由能比在无水乙醇中的低得多,因此在无水甲醇中易于成核,晶核数多,晶体尺寸小,而在无水乙醇介质中,虽然成核相对比较困难一些,但有利于制备大的单晶,且发现低温有利于大晶体的生长.因此宜选择无水乙醇为晶体生长介质.L-苹果酸脲晶体在介质中以非均匀成核方式在试管壁成核长大,晶体呈棱柱状,生长过程中呈现台阶生长的特征.     

CH_4N_2S掺杂金刚石的高压合成及其色心研究

压力、温度分别为6.5 GPa、1300～1350℃的实验条件下,在Fe Ni-C体系中添加硫脲(CH_4N_2S),利用温度梯度法成功合成了掺杂CH_4N_2S的金刚石。光致发光(PL)光谱测试结果表明:所合成的金刚石晶体中均有尖锐的Raman峰存在,且该峰位于522 nm处;当合成体系中CH_4N_2S的添加量为1 mg时,所对应的晶体中未发现有NV色心存在,但在以晶种(100)面生长的金刚石晶体中出现了3H色心,并且3H色心会随着合成体系中CH_4N_2S添加量的增加逐渐消失。当合成体系中添加2 mg的CH_4N_2S时,以(111)面为生长面所合成的金刚石晶体中同时含有NV~0和NV~-色心,此时NV~-色心所对应的PL谱的强度是所有晶体中最强的。当合成体系中添加3 mg的CH_4N_2S时,不管以(100)还是(111)为生长面,所获得的金刚石晶体中只含有NV~-色心。     

HgI2在KI水溶液中溶解度测定及晶体生长

通过测定不同温度下HgI2在浓度分别为0.25 mol/L,0.50 mol/L,0.75 mol/L,1.00 mol/L的KI水溶液中的溶解度,绘制了溶解度曲线.结果表明:KI水溶液浓度一定时,温度对HgI2在KI溶液中的溶解度影响很小;温度一定时,随着KI水溶液浓度增大,HgI2的溶解度大幅度增大;随着KI水溶液浓度的增大,温度对HgI2在KI水溶液中的溶解度变化的影响增大.根据所得到的HgI2-KI-H2O体系性质,选取1.00 mol/L的KI水溶液溶解碘化汞,通过缓慢降温,利用顶部籽晶法生长碘化汞晶体,得到了重达17.4 g的鲜红透明的晶体.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.     

Molecular structure and crystal packing of uncomplexed 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C22H18N4O2

The X-ray crystal structure of 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C₂₂H₁₈N₄O₂, is determined. The crystal packing is dominated by phenyl stacking interactions. Weak C–H···N hydrogen bonds help align the molecules. C–H··· hydrogen bonding is not apparent.     

Structural and electrical properties of vapour phase grown Cd1 − xFexTe single crystals

Cd_1 − xFe_xTe single crystals were prepared by vapour phase growth method in the composition range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03. Chemical analysis, surface morphology, structural investigations and electrical properties were carried out by EDAX, SEM, XRD, TEM and transport technique, respectively. Microscopic variations between the target and actual compositions were noticed. Morphology studies revealed that dislocation aided growth is active in the present crystals. TEM and XRD studies confirmed that the samples of all compositions crystallized in zinc blende structure, and the lattice parameters varied almost linearly decreases with Fe content. At room temperature, the resistivity of the Cd_1 − xFe_xTe crystals of all compositions (x = 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.03) lies in the range of 3.5-6.5 M Ω, the activation energies lie in the range of 63-133 meV, and the samples were show the ‘p’ type conductivity.     

空位浓度对纤锌矿CdS电子结构和光学性质影响的第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法,采用第一性原理研究了含Cd空位缺陷CdS和含S空位缺陷纤锌矿CdS的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度及光学性质。通过计算分析可知,含Cd空位缺陷的CdS体系均为p型半导体,含S空位缺陷的CdS体系跃迁方式均由直接跃迁变为间接跃迁。Cd、S空位缺陷的CdS体系的态密度总能量降低。空位CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系的静介电常数均有提高,并随着空位浓度的增大而增大,Cd空位缺陷体系更为明显,极化能力得到显著提升。空位Cd的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在红外波段存在明显的吸收,空位S的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在可见光波段存在明显的吸收。