含Mg2+铁铝尖晶石晶体结构的研究

以分析纯氧化铁(Fe2O3)、分析纯氧化铝(Al2O3)和分析纯氧化镁(MgO)为原料,按照质量比MgO∶ Fe2O3∶Al2O3=0∶44∶56及1∶44∶56进行配料,压制成φ25 mm×30 mm试样.成型后的试样在CO2/CO混合气氛下加热至1600℃并保温6h.采用XRD、SEM、EDS、HRTEM及SAED等手段对烧后试样进行了表征.结果表明:经1600℃高温处理6h后,烧后试样的微观结构均匀,物相为含Mg2+的铁铝尖晶石IV(Mg0.035 Fe0.808Al0.157)∑1.000Ⅵ(Fe0.158Al1.772Mg0.070)∑2.000O∑4.002.引入的氧化镁参与了铁铝尖晶石的合成,并以Mg2的形式进入铁铝尖晶石晶格;Mg2+占据铁铝尖晶石中四面体和八面体的位置,造成铁铝尖晶石晶格常数的变大.     

热解火焰法合成碳纳米管:催化剂与合成环境的影响

以CO为碳源,通过氧炔焰形成热解火焰合成了碳纳米管.为了详细研究催化剂与合成环境对合成产物的影响,实验分别应用不同催化剂在不同合成环境中进行取样分析.结果表明:催化剂颗粒尺寸直接决定合成产物的种类,不同产物对合成温度也有不同要求,过高温火焰环境会遏制碳纳米管的合成.最终得出,Fe/Mo/Al2O3载体催化剂适合在热解腔内部830℃无氧的环境下催化合成小直径的单壁、双壁和三壁碳纳米管,而由Fe(CO)5热解-附着-聚合产生的Fe催化剂颗粒适合在600℃的V型体火焰中催化合成大直径多壁碳纳米管.     

反应烧结法合成铁铝尖晶石晶体的XRD结构精修

以分析纯氧化铁和分析纯氧化铝为原料,按照质量比Fe2O3∶Al2O3 =44∶56进行配料,压制成φ25 mm×35mm试样.成型后的试样在保护气氛下加热至1600℃并保温6h.用XRD、SEM、EDS和XPS等对试样进行了表征和分析.结果表明:于1600℃和保护气氛条件下合成了高纯度铁铝尖晶石,且为均—物相,其中的铁离子主要以+2形式存在;Fe2、Al3均在尖晶石结构中的四面体和八面体位置有所占位,XRD结构精修给出其结构式为(Fe0.837 Al0.163)Ⅳ(Fe0.163Al1.837)ⅥO4 000.     

Fe3Al/HAP生物陶瓷的制备及力学性能

本文采用化学沉淀法制备了羟基磷灰石(HAP)纳米粉体,利用铁粉和铝粉经过高能机械球磨和热处理工艺制备了金属间化合物Fe3Al粉体;将制备的HAP粉体为基体按质量百分含量加入4;的Fe3Al粉体,经过球磨分散得到复合粉体,然后经过冷压成型和160MPa冷等静压成型及1200℃真空无压烧结,得到羟基磷灰石与金属间化合物Fe3Al的生物复合材料.通过XRD、SEM等测试方法揭示了材料的相组成及微观结构,研究结果表明:采用化学沉淀法制备的羟基磷灰石粉体粒径在100纳米以内,结晶度高、粒度均匀,纯度高;Fe3Al质量含量为4;的Fe3Al/HAP生物复合材料HAP的基本晶体结构没有因为Fe3Al的加入而发生变化,其抗弯强度为89.6MPa,较纯羟基磷灰石陶瓷有了较大的提高,证明Fe3Al增强HAP是有效的.     

温度对Al2O3-C材料中β-Sialon晶须形成的影响研究

本文研究了温度对Al3O3-C耐火材料中β-Si3Al3O3N5晶须形成的影响规律.研究发现:在弱还原性气氛下,Al2O3-Si-Al-C稳定存在的非氧化物物相为Al4C3 、AlN、SiC和p-Sialon相.其中,催化作用下,Al2O3-C耐火材料中的金属Al在1000℃时转化为AlN,金属Si在1200℃时转化成SiC,在1400℃时有β-Sialon相生成;而无催化剂存在时,生成的物相仅为SiC和AlN相.催化作用下,AlN形貌呈短柱状;SiC呈晶须状,直径为亚微米级,且晶须有液点存在;β-Sialon相呈纳米晶须状.SiC和β-Sialon晶须的生长都符合气-液-固机理.     

Yb: YAG微晶玻璃的制备与性能研究

本文采用高温熔融工艺,制备Yb~(3+)掺杂的32CaO-(13-x)Y_2O_3-24Al_2O_3-31SiO_2-xYb_2O_3 (x＝0.5～2)系统玻璃,并在高温下进行去应力退火.用DTA确定样品的热处理温度,XRD分析热处理后样品的相变.用TEM观察1000 ℃热处理后的样品,在室温下测试1000 ℃热处理后玻璃的吸收光谱.结果表明:玻璃在1000 ℃热处理24 h后,产生单一的YAG相微晶颗粒;热处理前后样品光谱特性的变化表明热处理后掺杂的Yb~(3+)择优进入YAG晶格中,得到了透明的Yb: YAG微晶玻璃.     

ZrO2/Fe3Al复合材料的界面电子结构计算及材料制备

采用热压烧结制备了ZrO2(3Y)/Fe3Al复合材料,材料的室温抗弯强度、断裂韧性、HRA硬度分别为1321MPa、39MPa*m1/2、86.7,临界热震温差(ΔT)由单相ZrO2(3Y)的250℃提高至500℃.在此基础上,用EET理论(经验电子理论)计算了ZrO2与Fe3Al的价电子结构及其部分晶面的电子密度,并对两相的晶体学取向进行了预测.     

原位生成Fe-Al/Al2O3复合陶瓷涂层

采用化学镀法制备Fe包覆Al核(Al)-壳(Fe)结构复合粉体,以Fe-Al复合粉体为喷涂材料,利用等离子喷涂法在Q235钢基体上制备涂层,在喷涂过程中Fe、Al反应生成Fe-Al金属间化合物和Al2O3,通过控制Fe-Al和Al2O3粉体的混合比例实现涂层的梯度化。利用SEM、XRD研究涂层微观结构与组成,并测试分析了涂层的抗热震性与结合强度。结果表明,涂层主要由Al2O3、Al、Fe3Al和Fe O等组成,喷涂过程中Fe-Al发生反应原位生成了Fe3Al金属间化合物,以Fe-Al为底层的Fe Al/Al2O3梯度涂层的结合强度和抗热震性均明显高于Al2O3涂层,涂层成分的梯度分布和Fe3Al的原位形成改善了涂层的结合状态,提高了结合强度和抗热震性。     

不同结构Al/Fe2O3纳米复合物的对比研究

采用三种工艺合成出不同结构的Al/Fe2O3纳米复合物.运用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪等对产物进行对比表征,结果表明采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米Al/Fe2O3颗粒粒径均在100 nm以内,而传统混合或简单复合工艺制备的Al/Fe2O3颗粒尺度在微米或亚微米级;XRD证实合成产物纯度高;热分析数据显示纳米Al/Fe2O3初始分解峰温较低,而放热焓值偏高,说明材料纳米化在改善安全性的同时显著提高了能量释放速率.     

纳米铁/氧化铝复合粉体的机械力化学合成及其抗氧化性

金属Fe纳米粒子,易氧化和团聚,将其嵌入陶瓷基体中,可解决这个问题.本文以Al和Fe3O4为反应物,采用机械力化学法合成了纳米铁/氧化铝复合粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD),结合透射电镜(TEM)分析了复合粉体的物相组成及纳米Fe的粒径.运用示差扫描量热法(DSC)、热重(TG)研究了在氩气和空气不同气氛、室温和高温不同温度下复合粉体的热稳定性.结果表明:复合粉体具有蛋糕-果仁形态,纳米Fe的粒径在20～80nm之间;复合粉体具有良好的抗氧化性.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

Investigation of the Mechanism of Influence of Stress Corrosion on the Development of Macroplastic Instabilities of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

Crystallography Reports - Macroscopic jumps of plastic deformation (few percent in amplitude) on creep curves of aluminum–magnesium alloy, caused by a local effect of concentrated solution of...     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

A SAXS study of kinetics of aggregation of silica sols

SAXS in situ experiments on the evolution of TMOS solutions during hydrolysis and polycondensation lead to power laws with scaling exponents ≈ 2. It is suggested that this could be the result of the polydispersity of the samples and that only an apparent fractal dimension can be obtained in this way. Kinetic studies tend to indicate that agglomeration in the sol is the result of a diffusion-controlled process.     

Study of the possibility of interactive control of the surface profile of X-ray optical elements

We investigate the possibility of controlling the curvature parameters of parabolic mirrors that are modular elements of two types consisting of a base and thin inserts placed at the opposite side of the work surface. In the first type of modular elements, bending is controlled by the difference in the coefficients of the thermal expansion of the base and inserts. In the second type of elements, the profile is changed by the piezoelectric straining of the inserts under an electric field. A correlation is established between the parameters of modular elements and their surface curvature profile.