新型激光自倍频晶体Cr:Nd:GdCa4O(BO3)3

首次利用提拉法生长了优质铬离子敏化激光自倍频晶体Cr:Nd:GdCa4O(BO3)3(Cr:Nd:GdCOB),发现当铬离子和钕离子双掺时,由于协同效应使铬离子容易进入GdCOB晶体中,测量了Cr:Nd:GdCOB和Nd:GdCOB晶体的室温透过谱和荧光谱.Cr:Nd:GdCOB晶体在蓝紫外区比Nd:GdCOB晶体具有更强的吸收,适合于利用闪光灯泵浦.利用闪光灯泵浦分别对长度为7mm,沿最佳倍频方向(θ＝66.8°,φ＝132.6°)切割的Cr:Nd:GdCOB和Nd:GdCOB晶体进行自倍频实验.Cr:Nd:GdCOB的激发阈值为0.9J,而Nd:GdCOB的激发阈值为1.0J.在10J的输入能量时,Cr:Nd:GdCOB输出绿光能量为2.46mJ,而Nd:GdCOB输出绿光能量为1.96mJ,说明在该晶体中,铬离子对钕离子有很好的敏化作用.     

双掺质KTP晶体倍频效应的研究

采用激光粉末倍频法,对掺入相同浓度Nb5+离子(1;)和相同浓度Nd3+,Yb3+,Tm3+等稀土离子(3;)的KTP-K6体系中生长的Nb:Nd:KTP,Nb:Yb:KTP和Nb:Tm:KTP双掺晶体进行了粉末倍频效应测试.结果发现,3种双掺质KTP晶体的粉末倍频效应较之KTP均有所提高.     

Cr3+:BeAl2O4单晶的特性及生长工艺的改进

描述了掺Cr3+离子的紫翠宝石(Cr3+:BeAl2O4)单晶的晶体结构、物理性质、晶体的吸收光谱与发射光谱及其激光特性.讨论了用引上法生长Cr3+:BeAl2O4晶体的一些工艺问题中.引上法晶体生长过程中选用较慢的提拉速度、较快的转速和生长较大直径的晶体的工艺参数,能够生长出高质量的Cr3+:BeAl2O4单晶体.我们的实验表明,采用温梯法也能生长出高质量的Cr3+:BeAl2O4单晶.与提拉法相比,温梯法减少了原料对环境的污染;易于实现自动温度程序控制;对缺少自然对流的熔体有相当好的适用性.     

Cr,Nd:GSAG晶体生长、光谱及LD泵浦激光性能研究

Cr,Nd:GSAG是一种性能优良的激光晶体,但是关于它的LD泵浦激光性能的研究很少.用提拉法生长了Cr,Nd:GSAG晶体,测定了它的化学成分、结构,初步测试了它的激光性能.晶体的(111)面X射线摇摆曲线半高全宽为0.055°.采用Rietveld方法精修X射线粉末衍射谱得到了Cr,Nd:GSAG晶体的原子结构参数、温度因子等.Cr,Nd:GSAG的最强吸收峰位于808.6nm处,吸收截面为3.38×10-20cm2.808nm光激发下,Cr,Nd:GSAG的最强发射峰位于1060nm,发射截面为6.04×10-20cm2,并测得激光上能级4F3/2的荧光寿命为274μs.利用808nm连续波LD泵浦实现了1060nm的激光输出,在输入功率为8.88W时,最大输出功率为0.513W,斜效率为6.73;,光-光转换效率为5.78;.此外还讨论了Cr,Nd:GSAG晶体中的Cr3+与Nd3+之间的能量传递机理.     

Nd∶GdVO4热常数的测量和激光性能研究

中频感应加热提拉法生长了低钕掺杂的GdVO4晶体,用机械分析仪来测量Nd∶GdVO4晶体的热膨胀系数, 沿c方向的热膨胀系数为7.42×10-6/K,而沿a方向的热膨胀系数只有1.05×10-6/K,比同比Nd0.0054Y0.9946VO4晶体样品测量结果小.差示扫描热计法测量了Nd∶GdVO4晶体的比热, 298K时为0.52J/g*K.首次用激光脉冲法测量了Nd∶GdVO4晶体的室温热导率.实验表明,Nd∶GdVO4晶体沿<001>方向的热导率数值达11.4W/m*K, 比Nd∶YAG晶体高(测得10.7W/m*K),其<100>方向的热导率为10.1W/m*K.激光实验显示在较高功率泵浦激光输出上Nd∶GdVO4晶体具有比Nd∶YVO4晶体更加优良的性能.     

Nd:GdVO_4热常数的测量和激光性能研究

中频感应加热提拉法生长了低钕掺杂的GdVO_4晶体,用机械分析仪来测量Nd:GdVO_4晶体的热膨胀系数,沿c方向的热膨胀系数为7.42×10~(-6)/K,而沿α方向的热膨胀系数只有1.05×10~(-6)/K,比同比Nd_(0.0045)Y_(0.9946)VO_4晶体样品测量结果小。差示扫描热计法测量了Nd:GdVO_4晶体的比热,298K时为0.52J/g·K。首次用激光脉冲法测量了Nd:GdVO_4晶体的室温热导率。实验表明,Nd:GdVO_4晶体沿<001>方向的热导率数值达11.4W/m·K,比Nd:YAG晶体高(测得10.7W/m·K),其<100>方向的热导率为10.1W/m·K。激光实验显示在较高功率泵浦激光输出上Nd:GdVO_4晶体具有比Nd:YVO_4晶体更加优良的性能。     

Nd：GdVO4热常数的测量和激光性能研究

中频感应加热提拉法生长了低钕掺杂的GdVO4晶体,用机械分析仪来测量Nd∶GdVO4晶体的热膨胀系数, 沿c方向的热膨胀系数为7.42×10-6/K,而沿a方向的热膨胀系数只有1.05×10-6/K,比同比Nd0.0054Y0.9946VO4晶体样品测量结果小.差示扫描热计法测量了Nd∶GdVO4晶体的比热, 298K时为0.52J/g*K.首次用激光脉冲法测量了Nd∶GdVO4晶体的室温热导率.实验表明,Nd∶GdVO4晶体沿<001>方向的热导率数值达11.4W/m*K, 比Nd∶YAG晶体高(测得10.7W/m*K),其<100>方向的热导率为10.1W/m*K.激光实验显示在较高功率泵浦激光输出上Nd∶GdVO4晶体具有比Nd∶YVO4晶体更加优良的性能.     

退火对Nd,Cr:GSGG激光晶体吸收光谱的影响

本文应用吸收光谱法,对提拉法生长的Nd,Cr:GSGG晶体在不同气氛下退火后的光谱变化进行了研究.氧化气氛下退火后的吸收光谱中,在1μm处出现了由于晶体中存在Cr4+离子所引起的两个吸收带,被称为1μm吸收损失.还原气氛(CO和H2)下退火后的吸收光谱中,在1μm处的吸收带基本消失,这对于提高激光效率是非常有利的.此外,在642nm处的吸收带强度有一定的减弱.这些数据对于晶体后处理工艺的改进和激光器设计具有重要的参考价值.     

稀土掺杂钨酸镧钠激光晶体的生长及其性能研究

采用提拉法生长出了纯的和Nd3+、Tm3+、Dy3+、Ho3+、Pr3+离子掺杂的大尺寸优质的NaLa(WO4)2晶体.TG/DTA实验表明NaLa(WO4)2晶体在1251℃同成分熔化,热膨胀实验结果显示该晶体沿(100)和(001)方向的热膨胀系数分别为1.23×10-5K-1和2.49×10-5K-1.在室温下测量了该晶体的红外和拉曼光谱,对晶体的振动性质进行了研究.对稀土离子掺杂的NaLa(WO4)2晶体进行了光谱性质的研究.N3+:NaLa(WO4)2和Tm3+:NaLa(WO4)2晶体800 nm附近的吸收峰半高宽和吸收截面较大,有利于用LD泵浦.采用小型的氙灯泵浦,研究了Nd3+:NaLa(WO4)2晶体的激光特性.当氙灯输入能量为1.28 J时,获得14.77mJ的激光输出能量,光光转换效率为1.15;.     

2.7μm激光晶体Yb,Er,Ho∶GSGG的生长与光谱性能研究

用提拉法成功生长出了Yb,Er,Ho∶ GSGG晶体,对其光谱性能进行了研究.测量了晶体在320～3000 nm波段内的吸收光谱.用970 nm激光激发,测量了晶体的稳态和瞬态荧光光谱,拟合得到2.7～3 μm激光上下能级寿命,用F-L公式计算了晶体的发射截面.与Er∶ GSGG和Yb,Er∶ GSGG晶体的光谱参数进行了比较,结果表明,Yb,Er,Ho∶GSGG是一种更适合LD泵浦,实现低阈值、高效率2.79 μm激光输出的新型激光晶体.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

Phase Properties of Hexanedioldiacrylate/E7 Blends

Abstract

Equilibrium phase diagrams of uncured and UV-cured difunctional hexanedioldiacrylate and the eutectic mixture of low molecular weight liquid crystals E7 are established by polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Data are analyzed using the Maier-Saupe model of nematic order. In the case of the uncured system the Flory-Huggins free energy of isotropic mixing is applied while for the cured system, the Flory-Rehner elastic free energy model is used. A good correlation between experimental and theoretical phase diagrams is found in both systems.     

C–H...O,C–H...π and π–π stacking interactions in 3-(2,4-dimethylphenyloxymethyl)-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin

3-(2,4-Dimethylphenyloxymethyl)-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin (C₁₈H₁₈O₃) was prepared by the alkylation of o-lithio N-methyl benzamide with 2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)methyl oxirane, followed by alkaline hydrolysis. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with unit cell parameters : a = 8.239(2) Å, b = 14.918(5) Å, c = 24.831(9) Å, Z = 8. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0514 for 1564 observed reflections. The heterocyclic ring adopts a distorted half-chair conformation. Molecules are connected by π–π interactions between phenyl rings of the isocoumarin nucleus forming dimers. Dimers are connected via C–H...O hydrogen bonds forming chains. Further intermolecular C–H...π hydrogen bonds link the dimer chains to form supramolecular structure.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

A new method for the investigation of orientation relationships in meteoritic plessite

The orientation relationship (OR) between the bcc and fcc phase in the plessite microstructure of the iron meteorites Watson, Agpalilik and Gibeon has been analysed in a scanning electron microscope using electron back‐scattered diffraction (EBSD). A very strong OR exists, independently on the analysed plessite type and the observed spreading of single orientation data. The agreement between the experimental orientation distribution and existing models varies for each meteorite. The black plessite in the Agpalilik corresponds to the Nishiyama‐Wassermann model whereas the duplex plessite of the Gibeon meteorite shows an OR close to the Kurdjumov‐Sachs model. The Watson meteorite is strongly deformed so that a general OR is difficult to determine due to the blurred experimental orientation distribution. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.