MPS-FEM方法模拟弹性船体在规则波中的运动

船舶在海洋中航行时经常会受波浪的作用, 在波浪的作用下, 船体可能会发生六自由度的运动. 在船体运动幅度较小时, 可以简单地将船体运动视为刚体运动. 但当波浪环境较为剧烈、船体运动幅度较大时, 船体可能会发生变形, 此时船舶弹性的影响无法忽略. 因此, 研究弹性船体在波浪中的运动对船舶运动性能和航行安全具有重要的意义. 移动粒子半隐式方法MPS方法是一种基于拉格朗日方法表示的无网格粒子类方法, 该方法在模拟具有自由面大变形特征的问题时具有其独特的优势. 有限元方法FEM作为一种传统的并且已被广泛应用的结构求解方法, 具有很好的稳定性、准确性和鲁棒性. 本文将MPS方法与FEM方法二者的优势结合, 基于MPS-FEM耦合方法, 使用自主开发的MPSFEM-SJTU流固耦合求解器, 模拟刚性船体和弹性船体在规则波中的运动, 并分析船体的弹性对船体运动响应的影响. 首先模拟刚性船体在不同波长的规则波中的运动, 研究规则波波长对船体运动响应的影响. 接着分别模拟了刚性和弹性船体在规则波中的运动, 结果表明, 刚性船体的运动幅值大于弹性船体的运动幅值, 而弹性船体船舯附近的压力大于刚性船体.      

考虑几何非线性和热效应的刚-柔耦合动力学

温度增高和温度梯度会引起梁的纵向、横向变形位移,在一定程度上对刚-柔耦合规律产生影响.该文考虑热应变,从平面梁的非线性的应变与位移关系式出发,建立了刚体运动、弹性变形和温度相互耦合的有限元离散的热传导方程和动力学方程.研究热流作用下的中心刚体-简支梁系统的刚-柔耦合动力学性质,揭示了几何非线性项和热应变对弹性变形和刚体运动影响.     

Transient response of multiple intersecting spheres of deep-submerged pressure hull subjected to underwater explosion

From a structural perspective, the pressure hull is a significant structural component of underwater vehicles, to enable them to withstand environmental loadings such as hydrostatical pressure and underwater explosive loading. Hence, improving configuration design tends to be important for underwater vehicles. Applying a nonlinear FEM/DAA coupling procedure, which addresses the effects of transient dynamic, geometrical nonlinear, elastoplastic material behavior and the fluid structure interaction, this investigation examines the transient dynamic responses of a multiple intersecting spheres (MIS) deep-submerged pressure hull subjected to underwater explosion. The time histories of the wet-surface pressure, displacement, velocity, acceleration, von Mises stress and plastic strain are presented. Additionally, the deformed diagram and velocity distribution of MIS pressure hull are elucidated. The analytical results are valuable for designing novel pressure hulls to resist underwater explosion.     

Dynamics of Articulated Structures. Part I. Theory

ABSTRACT

A finite element based method is developed for geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis of spatial articulated structures; i.e., structures in which kinematic connections permit large relative displacement between components that undergo small elastic deformation. Vibration and static correction modes are used to account for linear elastic deformation of components. Kinematic constraints between components are used to define boundary conditions for vibration analysis and loads for static correction mode analysis. Constraint equations between flexible bodies are derived in a systematic way and a Lagrange multiplier formulation is used to generate the coupled large displacement-small deformation equations of motion. A lumped mass finite element structural analysis formulation is used to generate deformation modes. An intermediate-processor is used to calculate time-independent terms in the equations of motion and to generate input data for a large-scale dynamic analysis code that includes coupled effects of geometric nonlinearity and elastic deformation. Examples are presented and the effects of deformation mode selection on dynamic prediction are analyzed in Part II of the paper.     

气泡弹性对同心筒水下发射影响研究

潜射导弹自同心简装置发射过程中在筒口处会形成燃气泡,由于气泡在水下的弹性效应,水气耦合作用导致气泡周期性地膨胀压缩,会对导弹弹道参数、受载特性产生一定影响.以CFD为技术手段,建立了导弹水下发射动态仿真模型,通过数值模拟获得了发射过程中多相流场、导弹弹道参数及受力的时间历程曲线,分析了气体弹性效应对参数变化的影响;并针对发射深度及其发射艇速对气泡弹性效应的影响进行了仿真分析,给出了其影响规律.仿真方法和结果对工程研究有一定参考价值.     

弹性连杆机构的非线性动力学特性分析

本文应用动力学虚功原理建立了计入几何非线性时弹性连杆机构一般形式的动力学有限元模型，该模型是具有周期性的时变非线性微分方程，针对方程的这一特点，文中给出了一种高效的闭式迭代求解方法。最后通过实例研究了几何非线性对弹性连杆机构动特性的影响，并通过实验研究验证了本文建模及求解方法的正确性。本文的研究结果对弹性机构的动态设计有指导意义。     

Coupled MPS-modal superposition method for 2D nonlinear fluid-structure interaction problems with free surface

In this paper, a coupled MPS-modal superposition method is developed for 2D nonlinear fluid-structure interaction problems. In this method, the rigid-body and relatively small elastic deformation are coupled together, which considers the mutual effect between them. The elastic deformation of the structure is represented by a mode superposition formulation, which is more efficient compared with FEM, regardless of the size of the structure. For 2D cases, if the first three modes are chosen to represent the flexible deformation of the structure, it only results in a 6×6 matrix equation to be solved. For the fluid motion, the modified Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method, which significantly reduces the fluctuation of pressure calculation of the original MPS method, is used.Two nonlinear problems, i.e. breaking-water-dam impacting a floating beam and flexible wedge slamming into the water are simulated to demonstrate the performance of the developed method. The numerical simulations show that this coupling model is capable of providing stable results that are generally in good agreement with the available experimental data. For the highly nonlinear case with very large rigid motions, the mutual effect between elastic deformation and rigid motions could accumulate to a relatively remarkable level shown by the curves of trajectories or acceleration history of the body mass centre. This also indicates the importance of mutual effect to analyse highly nonlinear FSI problems with large rigid-body motions and relatively small flexible deformation.     

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A SPATIAL COUPLED TIMOSHENKO ROTATING SHAFT WITH LARGE DISPLACEMENTS

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Modeling and analysis of a coupled rigid-flexible system

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中心舱体与薄壁梁刚-柔耦合系统的热弹性-结构动力学分析

空间柔性结构受太阳热流冲击而诱发的振动是导致航天器失效的典型模式之一,准确预测结构热致振动的响应及稳定性是卫星设计的基础。针对常见的中心舱体与附属薄壁杆件组成的空间结构,提出了考虑刚-柔耦合、耦合热弹性和耦合热-结构三重耦合效应的热致振动分析理论模型。其中,刚-柔耦合是指舱体姿态角、顶端集中质量转动与柔性附件运动的耦合;耦合热弹性是指应变率与温度场的耦合;耦合热-结构是指舱体转动及结构变形与薄壁杆件吸收太阳热流的耦合。基于热弹性理论和Lagrange方程,推导了传热和运动的耦合方程;采用Laplace变换方法并使用Routh-Hurwitz稳定判据推导了稳定性边界方程。结果表明,该模型能够更为准确的给出热致振动响应及稳定性预测。     

索杆体系的机构运动及其与弹性变形的混合问题

基于有限单元平衡方程推导了索杆体系机构运动的通解、特解及其路径跟踪的迭代求解列式，以及机构运动与弹性变形混合问题的迭代求解列式。从机构运动和弹性变形问题的比较角度出发，解释了机构运动中的若干基本定义，对索杆体系的机构运动和弹性变形混合问题作了分类。数值算例表明：采用本文方法可以非常有效地跟踪求解索杆体系机构运动、弹性变形及其混合问题的全过程路径，得到机构运动的静定状态和混合问题的平衡状态。     

The effect of air on solid body impact with water in two dimensions

In this paper we study the motion of wedge and catamaran shaped hulls initially in air, then impacting with water. We consider motion in two dimensions and simulate the impact using SPH in a form suitable for two-phase flow. This SPH algorithm has been tested for a variety of problems involving air and water with very good results. However, we supplement those tests by simulating the dynamics of bubbles, and the motion of piston driven by the pressure of air in a tube. The former confirms that our algorithm simulates the motion of two fluids with a high density ratio (in this case 1000) while the latter is relevant to the impact of a catamaran shaped hull where the trapped air cushions the impact. In both cases the results are in very good agreement with theory. When applied to simulate the dynamics of a wedge falling into a fluid the results are in good agreement with theory and confirm that the effect of the air on the motion is small because the air can escape easily as the wedge enters the water. When applied to simulate a model catamaran hull in two dimensions, where the air is trapped beneath the hull, the effect of air is pronounced. The simulations with the catamaran hull are not in close agreement with experiments because the hull in three dimensions does not trap air effectively as it does in two dimensions.     

Quasi-static and dynamical analyses of a thermoviscoelastic Timoshenko beam using the differential quadrature method

The quasi-static and dynamic responses of a thermoviscoelastic Timoshenko beam subject to thermal loads are analyzed. First, based on the small geometric deformation assumption and Boltzmann constitutive relation, the governing equations for the beam are presented. Second, an extended differential quadrature method(DQM)in the spatial domain and a differential method in the temporal domain are combined to transform the integro-partial-differential governing equations into the ordinary differential equations. Third, the accuracy of the present discrete method is verified by elastic/viscoelastic examples, and the effects of thermal load parameters, material and geometrical parameters on the quasi-static and dynamic responses of the beam are discussed. Numerical results show that the thermal function parameter has a great effect on quasi-static and dynamic responses of the beam. Compared with the thermal relaxation time, the initial vibrational responses of the beam are more sensitive to the mechanical relaxation time of the thermoviscoelastic material.     

Contribution of the added masses in the dynamic modelling of flexible airships

This paper presents an efficient modelling of autonomous flexible airships. These flying objects lighter than air (L.T.A.) are assumed to undergo large rigid-body motion and small elastic deformation. The formalism used is based on the Euler–Lagrange approach. The airship considered in this study is represented by a flexible ellipsoid of revolution. The coupling between the added masses issued from the overall body motion and those issued from the elasticity was determined by means of the velocity potential flow theory. We develop a fully analytical methodology with some assumptions. This feature distinguishes the current work from earlier treatments of the coupling, it allows one to minimise the number of degrees of freedom of the dynamical model, and renders the model suitable for use in the algorithms of stabilisation and trajectory generation. Numerical simulations are presented at the end of this paper. They underline the interest of the developed theoretical results.     

Effect of axial load on the propagation of elastic waves in helical beams

Helical structures are designed to support heavy loads, which can significantly affect the dynamic behaviour. This paper proposes a physical analysis of the effect of axial load on the propagation of elastic waves in helical beams. The model is based on the equations of motion of loaded helical Timoshenko beams. An eigensystem is obtained through a Fourier transform along the axis. The equations are made dimensionless for beams of circular cross-section and the number of parameters governing the problem is reduced to four (helix angle, helix index, Poisson coefficient, and axial strain). A parametric study is conducted. The effect of loading is quantified in high, medium and low-frequency ranges. Noting that the effect is significant in low frequencies, dispersion curves of stretched and compressed helical beams are presented for different helix angles and radii. This effect is greater as the helix angle increases. Both the effects of stress and geometry deformation are shown to be non-negligible on elastic wave propagation.     

电场作用下气泡上升行为特性的数值计算研究

利用电场控制气泡形态及运动,强化气液相间传热传质是电流体动力学的重要研究内容之一. 然而目前多数研究集中在非电场下的气泡动力学上,对于电场下的气泡行为特性及电场的作用机制仍需开展深入研究. 本研究对电场作用下单个气泡在流体中上升过程的动力学行为进行了数值模拟研究. 在建立二维模型的基础上求解电场方程与Navier-Stokes方程,并采用水平集方法捕捉了上升气泡的位置及形状. 模拟结果的准确性与有效性通过与前人实验和数值结果进行对比得到了验证. 通过改变雷诺数、邦德数和电邦德数等不同参数研究了电场下液体黏度、表面张力和电场力对气泡运动变形的影响. 计算结果表明,电场对气泡的动态特性有显著影响. 非电场情况下液体黏度和表面张力较大时气泡基本维持球状,反之气泡发生变形并逐步达到稳定状态. 此外,电场作用使气泡在初始上升阶段发生剧烈形变,随着不断上升,气泡形变程度不断减小,且气泡的上升速度和长径比均出现振荡. 垂直电场使气泡的上升速度有较大的提高,且随着电邦德数的增大,难以达到相对稳定的状态.      

Control structure interaction in the nonlinear analysis of flexible mechanical systems

The effect of the control structure interaction on the feedforward control law as well as the dynamics of flexible mechanical systems is examined in this investigation. An inverse dynamics procedure is developed for the analysis of the dynamic motion of interconnected rigid and flexible bodies. This method is used to examine the effect of the elastic deformation on the driving forces in flexible mechanical systems. The driving forces are expressed in terms of the specified motion trajectories and the deformations of the elastic members. The system equations of motion are formulated using Lagrange's equation. A finite element discretization of the flexible bodies is used to define the deformation degrees of freedom. The algebraic constraint equations that describe the motion trajectories and joint constraints between adjacent bodies are adjoined to the system differential equations of motion using the vector of Lagrange multipliers. A unique displacement field is then identified by imposing an appropriate set of reference conditions. The effect of the nonlinear centrifugal and Coriolis forces that depend on the body displacements and velocities are taken into consideration. A direct numerical integration method coupled with a Newton-Raphson algorithm is used to solve the resulting nonlinear differential and algebraic equations of motion. The formulation obtained for the flexible mechanical system is compared with the rigid body dynamic formulation. The effect of the sampling time, number of vibration modes, the viscous damping, and the selection of the constrained modes are examined. The results presented in this numerical study demonstrate that the use of the driving forees obtained using the rigid body analysis can lead to a significant error when these forces are used as the feedforward control law for the flexible mechanical system. The analysis presented in this investigation differs significantly from previously published work in many ways. It includes the effect of the structural flexibility on the centrifugal and Coriolis forces, it accounts for all inertia nonlinearities resulting from the coupling between the rigid body and elastic displacements, it uses a precise definition of the equipollent systems of forces in flexible body dynamics, it demonstrates the use of general purpose multibody computer codes in the feedforward control of flexible mechanical systems, and it demonstrates numerically the effect of the selected set of constrained modes on the feedforward control law.     

作大范围运动弹性梁刚—柔耦合动力学建模

利用弹性梁的变形理论和 Hamilton力学原理对作大范围运动弹性梁的刚 -柔耦合动力学建模理论进行了研究。分析了大范围运动对弹性梁的横向振动和纵向振动的影响 ,得到了大范围运动与弹性梁的中线耦合变形之间的耦合作用对该系统动力学性质有显著的影响 ,从而提出了作大范围运动弹性梁的刚柔耦合动力学模型     

Dynamic behaviour of a bubble near an elastic infinite interface

This paper presents a study to describe the behaviour of a non-equilibrium bubble in a fluid (Fluid 1) that is in contact with another fluid (Fluid 2). Fluid 2 is assumed to incorporate some elastic properties, which are modelled through a pressure term at the fluid–fluid interface. The Laplace equation is assumed to be valid in both fluids and the boundary integral method is employed to simulate the dynamics of the bubble and the fluid–fluid interface. Interesting characteristic phenomena concerning bubble oscillations and the deformation of the fluid–fluid interface are studied for a range of parameters (distance from the fluid–fluid interface, density ratios of the two fluids and elastic properties of Fluid 2). Some of the phenomena observed are jet formation in the bubble, bubble splitting, a ring bubble separating from the main bubble, mushroom-shaped bubbles and the dynamic elevation of the elastic interface. Most of these phenomena are only observed when Fluid 2 possesses some elastic properties (besides the usual formation of a high speed liquid jet). Comparisons with experimental observations confirm the validity of our simulations.