各向异性复合材料的应力奇异性

本文根据各向异性材料的特征值与特征函数理论,用极其简单的矩阵形式,建立了复合楔形和裂纹止于两材料界面等情况下确定应力奇异阶次的特征方程,讨论了应力奇异性的一些特性,计算了各种情况下的应力奇异阶次。     

各向同性与各向异性三相材料接头应力奇异性研究

研究了各向同性与各向异性三相材料接头的应力奇性指数,通过引入奇异点附近区域位移场渐近展开的典型项,将各向同性与各向异性组合材料接头的控制方程和径向边界条件转化为变系数常微分方程的特征值问题;再利用插值矩阵法求解所建立的特征方程,得到接头端部的应力奇性指数和特征角函数。对由两个各向异性材料和一个各向同性材料以任意楔形角组成的三相接头结构的奇异性进行了研究,并比较了它们的应力奇性指数。计算结果表明:对于粘结接头,各向同性材料刚度越大应力奇异性越强;对于剥离接头,各向同性材料楔形角或材料刚度越大,第一阶应力奇异性越弱。计算结果与已有文献的结果对比吻合良好,证明了本文方法的有效性。     

轴对称界面端的扭转问题

基于弹性力学轴对称扭转问题的通解,研究了具有任意几何形状的双材料轴对称界面端,给出了界面端的应力奇异性及其附近的位移场和奇应力场,定义了扭转问题的Ｄｕｎｄｕｒｓ双材料参数。研究结果表明,应力奇异性只与界面端的结合角和扭转问题的Ｄｕｎｄｕｒｓ双材料参数有关,而与界面的角度以及界面端与对称轴之间的距离无关,在任何情况下,特征值均为实数,不会产生振荡应力奇异性。     

反平面V形切口塑性应力奇异性分析

论文提出了用插值矩阵法计算幂硬化塑性材料反平面V形切口和裂纹尖端区域的应力奇异性.首先在切口和裂纹尖端区域采用自尖端径向度量的渐近位移场假设,将其代入塑性全量理论的基本微分方程后,推导出包含应力奇异性特征指数和特征角函数的非线性常微分方程特征值问题.然后采用插值矩阵法迭代求解导出的控制方程,得到一般的塑性材料反平面V形切口和裂纹的前若干阶应力奇异阶和相应的特征角函数,该法的重要优点是以上求解的特征角函数和它们各阶导函数具有同阶精度,并且一次性地求出前若干阶特征对.同时,插值矩阵法计算量小,易于和其他方法联合使用,这些优点在后续求解尖端区域完全应力场非常优越.论文方法的计算结果与现有结果对照,发现吻合良好,表明了论文方法的有效性.     

各向同性材料接头和界面相交裂纹应力奇异性特征分析

提出了用插值矩阵法分析各向同性材料接头以及与界面相交的平面裂纹应力奇异性。基于接头和裂纹端部附近区域位移场渐近展开,将位移场的渐近展开式的典型项代入线弹性力学基本方程,得到关于平面内各向同性材料接头以及与两相材料界面相交裂纹应力奇异性指数的一组非线性常微分方程的特征值问题,运用插值矩阵法求解,获得了两相材料平面接头端部应力奇异性指数以及与界面以任意角相交的裂纹尖端的应力奇异性指数随裂纹角的变化规律,数值计算结果与已有结果比较表明,本文方法具有很高的精度和效率。     

基于界面端奇异性理论的单纤维拔出试验的试件设计

在单纤维拔出试验中，由于试件的界面端存在应力奇异性，这使试验所得到的界面剪切强度数据失去合理性[1]。但从文献[1]关于微珠脱粘试验研究的结论中可以发现当基体的楔形角小于某临界角度后，微珠试件界面端应力奇异性几乎消失。由此启发我们设计出一种楔形角小于该纤维／基体系统临界角的锥面的拔出试件，这样即可以防止出现传统拔出试件在界面端的强应力奇异性，又可以避免微珠脱粘试验自身的缺陷。界面端具有任意楔形角的轴对称模型被用于分析和确定纤维／基体系统的临界角，对方程进行渐近展开和分离变量处理，根据边界条件可以得到关于特征值λ的特征方程，针对确定的纤维／基体系统可以得到特征值和楔形角的关系曲线，我们把应力奇异性指数等于-0．005时所对应的楔形角定义为临界角，以及根据临界角设计锥面拔出试件的方法。     

插值矩阵法分析与复合材料界面相交的平面裂纹奇异应力场

提出了用插值矩阵法分析与各向异性材料界面相交的平面裂纹应力奇异性。基于V形切口尖端附近区域位移场渐近展开,将位移场的渐近展开式的典型项代入线弹性力学基本方程,得到关于平面内与复合材料界面相交的裂纹应力奇异性指数的一组非线性常微分方程的特征值问题,运用插值矩阵法求解,获得了平面内各向异性结合材料中与界面以任意角相交的裂纹尖端的应力奇异性指数随裂纹角的变化规律,数值计算结果与已有结果比较表明,本文方法具有很高的精度和效率。     

各向异性两相材料尖劈奇性场的非协调元分析

提出了一个基于位移的、分析柱状各向异性两相材料尖劈端部邻域的奇性位移场和应力场问题的非协调元特征分析法. 该方法从柱状扇区的散度定理出发，将柱状扇区控制方程的弱式化为一个与虚功原理相同形式的方程，采用一种新的非协调元技术把所导出的``虚功原理'转化为标准一阶特征方程的求解问题. 非协调元法中，尖劈端部邻域的位移场假定没有采用奇异变换技术，有限元的单元形式是一维的. 将柱状各向异性两相材料尖劈视为``广义平面应变'问题，位移场与坐标z无关，只关注界面端的幂奇异性而不考虑对数奇异性. 运用该方法给出了柱状各向异性两相材料尖劈端部奇性应力指数、奇性位移角分布和应力角分布的算例. 所有的计算结果表明，该方法使用的单元少而且精度较高.     

纤维与基体的轴对称界面端附近的奇异应力场

基于各向性弹性力学空间轴对称问题的基本方程,研究了纤维与基体的轴对称界面端的应力奇异性,并给出了界最佳 近的奇异应力场。研究结果表明,该轴对称界面端的应力奇异性与平面应变状态下相应模型的应力奇异性完全相同,材料对界面端附近奇异应力场的影响可用丰个双材料组合参数描述。     

复合材料Reissner板中与界面相交的裂纹奇异性分析

基于切口尖端附近区域位移场的渐近展开,提出了分析复合材料板中与界面相交的切口应力奇异性的新方法。将位移场渐近展开式的典型项代入弹性板的基本方程,得到关于复合材料板中与界面相交的切口应力奇异性指数的一组非线性常微分方程的特征值;采用变量代换法,将非线性特征问题转化为线性特征问题,并用插值矩阵法求解获得了各向异性结合材料中与界面以任意角相交的裂纹尖端的应力奇异性指数随裂纹角的变化规律;最后将计算结果与现有结果进行对比。结果表明:两种结果吻合较好,表明本文方法是有效的。     

纤维段裂试验的界面端应力奇异性研究

纤维段裂试验是测定纤维复合材料界面剪切强度的细观实验方法之一，其试验结果与其他三种细观试验方法(纤维拔出、纤维压人和微珠脱粘)测得的结果各不相符，相差较大。针对该问题，仔细研究了纤维段裂试验过程，可发现如下两个问题，首先是试件中纤维断裂造成的界面端应力奇异性问题；其次是纤维断成临界长度时界面是否脱粘的问题。针对界面端应力奇异性问题，本文建立了界面端轴对称分析模型，运用渐近展开法，推导出求解界面端特征值的特征方程，并由此得到应力奇异性指数随Dundurs常数的变化规律；采用文献[5]所用试件的纤维／基体性能数据，计算出了界面端的应力奇异性指数，并与文献[7]得到的其他三种试验的界面端应力奇异性指数进行比较，发现纤维段裂试件也存在界面端应力奇异性，而且应力奇异性最强，也说明了与其他三种试验结果不具可比性。本文还对纤维断成临界长度时界面是否脱粘的问题，进行了讨论。     

特征值为二重根的压电材料异材界面端奇异性

横观各向同性压电材料的特征值的不同,其一般解的形式也不同,压电结合材料问题的求解,可以归结为寻找合适的调和函数,针对材料特征值为二重根（s1^2≠s2^2=s3^2)的情况,将变量分离形式的调和函数作特征展开,推导了横观各向同性压电材料轴对称异材界面端附近的奇民异应力场和奇异电位移场,给出院 决定奇异性的特性方程,结果表明,电位移场和应力场具有相同的奇异性,奇异性次数不仅与界面端形状以及材料的机械性质有关。也与材料的压电特性有关。     

Singular stress fields of angle-ply and monoclinic bimaterial wedges

The characteristic equations for the order of stress singularity of anisotropic bimaterial wedges subjected to traction boundary conditions are investigated. For an angle-ply bimaterial wedge, both fully bonded and frictional interfaces are considered, whereas for a monoclinic bimaterial wedge, a frictional interface is considered. Here, the Stroh formalism and the separation of variables technique are used. In general, the order of stress singularity can be real or complex, but for the special geometry of a crack along the frictional interface of a monoclinic composite, it is always real. Explicit characteristic equations for the order of singularity are presented for an aligned orthotropic composite with a frictional interface. Numerical results are given for an angle-ply bimaterial wedge and a monoclinic bimaterial wedge consisting of a graphite/epoxy fiber-reinforced composite.     

Three-dimensional stress analysis of textile composites: Part I. Numerical analysis

Three-dimensional stress analysis in a unit-cell of a plain-woven composite was performed by using B-spline displacement approximation. The spline approximation provides continuity of displacement and stress components within each yarn and matrix subregion. Two types of unit-cell problems with and without inter-yarn delamination were considered. A penalty function approach along with a contact surface characteristic function was used to obtain a full-field numerical solution for the frictionless contact problem between delaminated yarn surfaces.Yarn interfaces at yarn-crossover locations represent three-material wedge-type regions resulting in singular stress behavior. In the case of unit-cells with perfect bonding between the yarn interfaces, the numerical values of the inter-yarn normal stress did not exhibit trends typical for unbounded stress behavior, whereas the inter-yarn shear stress components displayed discontinuous behavior typical for numerical results in the vicinity of the stress singularity. In the presence of the delamination, both the inter-yarn normal and shear stress components exhibited unbounded behavior near the singularity. Notably, the inter-yarn normal stress showed signs of singular behavior in both cases of open and closed delaminations. Due to the stress singularity that exists at yarn-crossover locations containing three materials (yarn–yarn–matrix) interface intersections, the full-field numerical solution, even with high-order approximation functions, was not able to capture the directional nonuniqueness of the stress values in the vicinity of the singularity, and therefore calls for incorporation of the asymptotic singular stress analysis, which will be given in a follow-on paper [Sihn and Roy, International Journal of Solids and Structures (accepted for publication)].     

Axisymmetric contact problem of cubic quasicrystalline materials

The axisymmetric elasticity theory of cubic quasicrystal was developed in Ref. [1]. The axisymmetric elasticity problem of cubic quasicrystal is reduced to a single higher-order partial differential equation by introducing a displacement function, based on which, the exact analytic solutions for the elastic field of an axisymmetric contact problem of cubic quasicrystalline materials are obtained for universal contact stress or contact displacement. The result shows that if the contact stress has order −1/2 singularity on the edge of the contact domain, the contact displacement is a constant in the contact domain. Conversely, if the contact displacement is a constant, the contact stress must have order −1/2 singularity on the edge of the contact domain. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19972011).     

横观各向同性轴对称界面端奇异性研究

套筒模型是复合材料中常用的进行纤维、基体间应力传递分析的轴对称模型.在套筒模型中,中心为纤维,纤维外包裹的"套筒"有假设为各向同性基体材料的,也有假设为横观各向同性复合材料的.不失一般性,本文将纤维和基体均视作横观各向同性材料,建立了任意楔形角的横观各向同性复合材料基体包裹横观各向同性纤维的轴对称模型,采用两次坐标变换、逐次渐近等求解方法,得到了求解该模型界面端应力奇异性指数的特征方程.考虑常见的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料制成的压入和拔出试件,根据得到的特征方程计算了两种试件的界面端奇异性指数随碳纤维体积百分含量的变化情况,结果发现,随纤维体积百分含量的增加,两种试件界端的奇异性均呈减弱趋势.     

Analysis of an Anisotropic Finite Wedge under Antiplane Deformation

The antiplane deformation of an anisotropic wedge with finite radius is considered in this paper within the classical linear theory of elasticity. The traction-free condition is imposed on the circular segment of the wedge. Three different cases of boundary conditions on the radial edges are considered, which are: traction-displacement, displacement-displacement and traction-traction. The solution to the governing differential equation of the problem is accomplished in the complex plane by relating the displacement field to a complex function. Several complex transformations are defined on this complex function and its first and second derivatives to formulate the problem in each of the three cases of the problem corresponding to the radial boundary conditions, separately. These transformations are then related to integral transforms which are complex analogies to the standard finite Mellin transforms of the first and second kinds. Closed form expressions are obtained for the displacement and stress fields in the entire domain. In all cases, explicit expressions for the strength of singularity are derived. These expressions show the dependence of the order of stress singularity on the wedge angle and material constants. In the displacement-displacement case, depending upon the applied displacement, a new type of stress singularity has been observed at the wedge apex. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

纤维端部的界面裂纹分析

基于弹性力学空间轴对称问题的通解,研究了短纤维增强复合材料中纤维端部的轴对称币形和柱形界面裂纹尖端的应力奇异性,得到了裂纹尖端附近的奇异应力场．研究结果表明,这两种轴对称界面裂纹尖端的应力奇异性相同,并且与平面应变状态下相应模型的应力奇异性一致,材料性能对裂纹尖端附近奇异应力场的影响可用三个组合参数描述     

STRESS SINGULARITY ANALYSIS OF MULTI-MATERIAL WEDGES UNDER ANTIPLANE DEFORMATION

With the help of the coordinate transformation technique, the symplectic dual solving system is developed for multi-material wedges under antiplane deformation. A virtue of present method is that the compatibility conditions at interfaces of a multi-material wedge are expressed directly by the dual variables, therefore the governing equation of eigenvalue can be derived easily even with the increase of the material number. Then, stress singularity on multi-material wedges under antiplane deformation is investigated, and some solutions can be presented to show the validity of the method. Simultaneously, an interesting phenomenon is found and proved strictly that one of the singularities of a special five-material wedge is independent of the crack direction.