碳纳米管在润滑脂中的导电性和摩擦学性能研究

碳纳米管(CNTs)作为添加剂,制备了以油溶性聚醚为基础油,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)作稠化剂的导电润滑脂.用体积表面电阻测定仪测定其体积电阻率,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察钢盘磨斑表面形貌,EDS能谱仪分析磨损表面元素组成.结果表明:含碳纳米管的润滑脂与含导电炭黑的润滑脂相比较,不但具有优异的润滑性能,还具有低的体积电阻率.     

Modelling tire-moist terrain interaction using advanced computational techniques

This paper focuses on predicting and analyzing the tire-moist terrain interaction. The moist terrain (sand) is modelled using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. The SPH basic interpolation technique is described, and the necessary interpolation equations are implemented. The soil is modelled using the hydrodynamic elastic-plastic material, while the water is modelled using Murnaghan equation of state. The numerical interaction between both materials is defined using Darcy’s law. The soil moisturizing technique consists of layering water particles on top of sand particles and pressurizing the water into the sand. The moisturizing technique is examined using the direct shear-strength test, and validated against physical measurement carried out in a laboratory under similar soil conditions and bulk density. Finally, the results and the effect of moisture content on tire-moist terrain interaction are discussed and investigated using a previously modelled and validated off-road truck tire size 315/80R22.5.     

Nonlinear dynamical behavior of shallow cylindrical reticulated shells

By using the method of quasi-shells,the nonlinear dynamic equations of three-dimensional single-layer shallow cylindrical reticulated shells with equilateral tri- angle cell are founded.By using the method of the separating variable function,the transverse displacement of the shallow cylindrical reticulated shells is given under the conditions of two edges simple support.The tensile force is solved out from the compati- ble equations,a nonlinear dynamic differential equation containing second and third order is derived by using the method of Galerkin.The stability near the equilibrium point is discussed by solving the Floquet exponent and the critical condition is obtained by using Melnikov function.The existence of the chaotic motion of the single-layer shallow cylin- drical reticulated shell is approved by using the digital simulation method and Poincarémapping.     

基于混合型WENO格式数值模拟四类Riemann问题

本文基于三阶WENO格式和三阶WENO-Z格式，利用有限体积法研究了同一格式在不同方向使用不同的求解器，以及在不同方向采用相同精度的不同格式数值模拟4类Riemann问题，分析各向异性对数值计算结果的影响．数值结果表明，无论是使用不同的格式，还是使用不同的求解器进行数值模拟，都会导致数值结果不同程度地失去图像对称性．     

采用非协调元的连续体拓扑优化设计

介绍了满足分片检验条件的一种非协调元，推导了结构拓扑优化设计中数值计算和敏度分析的基本方程，给出了数值算例，并对协调等参元和非协调元的拓扑优化结果进行了对照，最后的优化结果表明：采用非协调元所得的优化解已经能够使用，如果再实施过滤技术，设计区域中的中间密度单元明显减少，优化结果会更加精致；使用两类单元的求解效率和优化迭代次数相近；非协调元比等参元具有更高精度的拓扑优化结果。能进一步克服棋盘格式。     

基于前向线性预测算法的光纤陀螺零漂的神经网络建模

在详细分析光纤陀螺零漂的基础上,提出了先用滤波算法对光纤陀螺信号进行预处理,然后采用RBF神经网络对滤波后的信号进行建模的方法。针对光纤陀螺信号特点分别采用FLP算法、小波滤波算法、解相关变步长LMS自适应滤波算法对其进行了预处理,比较三种滤波方法,小波滤波算法效果优于其它两种预处理方法,但针对基于预处理后的陀螺信号采用RBF神经网络进行建模时,小波滤波预处理后的信号在建模精度上却是最差的,而对FLP算法滤波后的信号进行RBF建模,建模精度提高了两个数量级。结果表明:基于FLP算法的RBF神经网络在光纤陀螺中的建模是有效的,可大大提高建模的精度。     

Bifurcation analysis of an electro-statically actuated micro-beam in the presence of centrifugal forces

In this paper, the influence of centrifugal forces on the stability of an electro-statically actuated clamped–clamped micro-beam has been investigated. The non-dimensional governing static and dynamic equations have been linearized using the step by step linearization method (SSLM), then, a Galerkin-based reduced order model has been used to solve the linearized equations. For constant value of a bias DC voltage and different values of angular velocity the equilibrium points of the corresponding autonomous system including stable center points, unstable saddle points and singular points have been obtained using the equivalent mass-spring model. Subsequently the bifurcation diagram has been depicted using the obtained fixed point. The static pull-in voltage value for different values of angular velocity and the static pull-in angular velocity for different values of bias voltage have been calculated. The obtained results are validated using results of previous studies and a good agreement has been observed. The effect of the centrifugal force on the fixed points has been studied using the phase portraits of the system for different initial conditions. Moreover, the effects of centrifugal forces on the dynamic pull-in behavior have been investigated using time histories and phase portraits for different angular velocities.     

Comparison of schemes for preparing magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by means of coprecipitation using NH3·H2O in water and in alcohol, and using NaOH in water. A series of instruments such as SEM, TEM, HRTEM, FT-IR, XRD and VSM were used to characterize the properties of the magnetic nanoparticles.was the longest. The process using NaOH in water was the simplest and the reaction time was the shortest, but the particle characteristics were inferior to those of the other two methods. The mean size of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared by coprecipitation in alcohol was the smallest among the three, but the nanoparticles aggregated severely. The magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with oleic acid using saturated sodium coated successfully and thoroughly.     

Thermal solution of cylindrical composite systems using meshless method

This paper presents the thermal solution of cylindrical composite systems using meshless element free Galerkin (EFG) method. The EFG method utilizes the moving least square approximants, which are constructed by using a weight function, a basis function and a set of non-constant coefficients to approximate the unknown function of temperature. Dirichlet (essential) boundary conditions have been enforced using Lagrange multiplier and penalty methods. Existing rational weight function has been modified and used in the present analysis. MATLAB codes have been developed to obtain the numerical solution. The EFG results have been obtained using cubicspline, quarticspline, Gaussian, quadratic, hyperbolic, exponential, rational and cosine weight functions for a model problem. The results obtained using different EFG weight functions are also compared with those obtained by finite element method. The effect of scaling and penalty parameters has also been studied in detail.     

基于组件法的穿心螺栓连接CFST柱节点初始刚度计算

本文基于EC3中的组件法，分析并建立了不同类型穿心螺栓连接CFST柱节点的力学模型，提出了EC3中未涉及的加强角钢的组件模型以及穿心螺栓连接刚度系数计算公式，推导了不同节点的初始刚度计算公式，试验结果和公式结果的对比表明，采用EC3给出的受拉螺栓刚度系数将大大低估穿心螺栓连接CFST柱节点的初始转动刚度，而采用本文所提出的考虑穿心螺栓预紧力的受拉螺栓刚度系数计算公式则与试验结果吻合较好．     

刚架结构频域子结构法的实验研究

以空间刚架为模型,对Jetmundsen频域子结构综合法进行了探索性实验,并研究了子结构的界面自由度完整性对最后综合结果的影响。实验中,频响函数矩阵中与线自由度响应和集中力输入相关的项通过加速度计与力传感器直接测量,而与转角自由度响应或纯力矩输入相关的项通过一种结合转角自由度间接测试和模态分析技术的方法获取。实验结果显示,实验子结构综合法能够有效地预报结构的动力学性能,而转角自由度的引入能在一定程度上改善预报质量。     

Role of Crosslinking and Entanglements in the Mechanics of Silicone Networks

The goal of this study is to investigate the applicability of different constitutive models for silicone networks using comprehensive multiaxial experimental tests, including non-equibiaxial mechanical tests which introduce differential constraints on the networks in the two orthogonal directions, on samples prepared using various crosslinking densities. Uniaxial stress–strain experiments show that a decrease in crosslinker amounts used in the preparation of silicone networks lead to more compliant material response as compared to that obtained using higher amounts of crosslinker. Biaxial data were used to obtain fits to the neo- Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin, Arruda-Boyce and the Edward-Vilgis slip-link constitutive models. Our results show that the slip-link model, based on separation of the individual contributions of chemical crosslinks and physical entanglements, is better at describing the stress–strain response of highly crosslinked networks at low stretches as compared to other constitutive models. Modulus obtained using the slip-link model for highly crosslinked networks agrees with experimentally determined values obtained using uniaxial tension experiments. In contrast, moduli obtained using coefficients to the other constitutive models underpredict experimentally determined moduli by over 40 %. However, the slip-link model did not predict the experimentally observed stiffening response at higher stretches which was better captured using the Arruda-Boyce model.     

Deflection of transient thermoelastic circular plate by Marchi-Zgrablich and Laplace integral transform technique

This paper deals with the determination of temperature distribution and thermal deflection function of a thin circular plate with the stated conditions. The transient heat conduction equation is solved by using Marchi-Zgrablich transform and Laplace transform simultaneously and the results of temperature distribution and thermal deflection function are obtained in terms of infinite series of Bessel function and it is solved for special case by using Mathcad 2007 software and represented graphically by using Microsoft excel 2007.     

SPACE-TIME FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR SCHRDINGER EQUATION AND ITS CONSERVATION

Energy conservation of nonlinear Schrodinger ordinary differential equation was proved through using continuous finite element methods of ordinary differential equation; Energy integration conservation was proved through using space-time continuous fully discrete finite element methods and the electron nearly conservation with higher order error was obtained through using time discontinuous only space continuous finite element methods of nonlinear Schrodinger partial equation. The numerical results are in accordance with the theory.     

MATHEMATICAL EXPECTATION ABOUT DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE WITH INTERVAL PROBABILITY OR FUZZY PROBABILITY

IntroductionFor the continuous second kind RVFP,namely,the continuous random variable withcrisp event-fuzzy probability,the basic concepts/definitions and calculating methods of thefuzzy probability density function,the random variable with fuzzy density …     

Laser measurement techniques applied to turbulent combustion in piston engines

The application of experimental laser diagnostic techniques to the study of turbulent flame propagation in homogeneous-charge internal combustion engines is demonstrated. A variety of laser refraction and scattering techniques are employed: the qualitative shape and detailed internal turbulence structure of the flame surface is investigated using laser schlieren photography; the flame location and local flame speed are measured using multibeam laser refraction; the instantaneous flame thickness is measured using Rayleigh scattering; gas temperatures are measured using Rayleigh and Raman scattering; gas velocity, turbulence intensities, and time scales of turbulence are measured using laser Doppler velocimetry. The problem of cyclic variation bias in turbulence measurements is addressed using conditional sampling procedures that involve the simultaneous implementation of multiple diagnostics. This paper focuses on the thermodynamic and fluid mechanic properties of interest to turbulence combustion studies, illustrating how laser diagnostics can be used to research the critical areas of interest.A version of this paper was presented at the ASME Winter Annual Meeting of 1984 and printed in AMD, Vol. 66     

COMPUTATION OF FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF HA/PLLA COMPOSITE USING A CELL MODEL APPROACH

A three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of predicting the flexural properties of hydroxyapatite-reinforced poly-L-lactide acid (HA/PLLA) biocomposite using three different schemes. The scheme 1, originated from a beam analysis, was used to determine the flexural modulus analytically while the scheme 2 and 3 were designed to have different loading and boundary conditions using a finite element cell modeling approach. An empirical approach using Chow's formula and experimental data were used for comparison with the predicted results. In order to reduce the computational time and save the storage space involved in determining the effect of varying particle volume fractions on the flexural properties of HA/PLLA, a superelement technique was applied. The results using the scheme 3 and the Chow's formula were found to be in reasonable agreement with experimental results over the range of particle volume fraction. In addition to the Chow's formula, local stress distribution and the failure processes in HA/PLLA were simulated using the finite element technique.     

SPACE-TIME FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR SCHRODINGER EQUATION AND ITS CONSERVATION

Energy conservation of nonlinear Schrodinger ordinary differential equation was proved through using continuous finite element methods of ordinary differential equation; Energy integration conservation was proved through using space-time continuous fully discrete finite element methods and the electron nearly conservation with higher order error was obtained through using time discontinuous only space continuous finite element methods of nonlinear Schrodinger partial equation. The numerical results are in accordance with the theory.     

Auto-Darboux Transformation and Exact Solutions of the Brusselator Reaction Diffusion Model

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＢｒｕｓｓｅｌａｔｏｒｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅｌｐｌａｙｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｂｏｔｈｉｎｂｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｉｎｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ .ＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｗａｓｐｕｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄｂｙＰｒｉｇｏｇｉｎｅａｎｄＬｅｆｅｖｅｒｉｎ 1 968,ｍｕｃｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｈａｄｂｅｅｎｐａｉｄｔｏｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｍａｎｙｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｉｔｈａｄｂｅｅｎｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｄｂｙｍａｎｙｐｅｏｐｌｅｖｉａｕｓｉｎｇｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ[1- 5…     

Fuzzy relaxed-finite step size method to enhance the instability of the fuzzy first-order reliability method using conjugate discrete map

Fuzzy reliability analysis can be implemented using two discrete optimization maps in the processes of reliability and fuzzy analysis. Actually, the efficiency and robustness of the iterative reliability methods are two main factors in the fuzzy-based reliability analysis due to the huge computational burdens and unstable results. In the structural fuzzy reliability analysis, the first-order reliability method (FORM) using discrete nonlinear map can provide a C membership function. In this paper, a discrete nonlinear conjugate map is proposed using a relaxed-finite step size method for fuzzy structural reliability analysis, namely Fuzzy conjugate relaxed-finite step size method fuzzy CRS. A discrete conjugate map is stabilized using two adaptive factors to compute the relaxed factor and step size in FORM. The framework of the proposed fuzzy structural reliability method is established using two linked iterative discrete maps as an outer loop, which constructs the membership function of the response using alpha level set optimization based on genetic operator, and the inner loop, implemented for reliability analysis using proposed conjugate relaxed-finite step size method. The fuzzy CRS and fuzzy HL-RF methods are compared to evaluate the membership functions of five structural problems with highly nonlinear limit state functions. Results demonstrated that the fuzzy CRS method is computationally more efficient and is strongly more robust than the HL-RF for fuzzy-based reliability analysis of the nonlinear structural reliability problems.