Analytical solution for bending beam subject to lateral force with different modulus

A bending beam, subjected to state of plane stress, was chosen to investigate. The determination of the neutral surface of the structure was made, and the calculating formulas of neutral axis, normal stress, shear stress and displacement were derived. It is concluded that, for the elastic bending beam with different tension-compression modulus in the condition of complex stress, the position of the neutral axis is not related with the shear stress, and the analytical solution can be derived by normal stress used as a criterion,improving the multiple cyclic method which determines the position of neutral point by the principal stress. Meanwhile, a comparison is made between the results of the analytical solution and those calculated from the classic mechanics theory, assuming the tension modulus is equal to the compression modulus, and those from the finite element method (FEM) numerical solution. The comparison shows that the analytical solution considers well the effects caused by the condition of different tension and compression modulus. Finally, a calculation correction of the structure with different modulus is proposed to optimize the structure.     

变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线的解析解

针对变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线尚无解析解的现状,通过弹性中心法对其力法方程进行简化,利用Ritter截面变化规律简化变截面悬链线无铰拱的曲线积分,从而推导出变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线的闭合解表达式,再将解析结果与有限元分析结果进行对比研究,并对轴力参数展开对比分析。研究结果表明,本文推导得到变截面悬链线无铰拱应变影响线的解析解,数值解析解同有限元结果间最大相对误差小于2%,其轴力影响随矢跨比和测点位置变化而变化,本文公式具有较高的工程精度和计算分析参考价值。     

关于蜂窝芯体面外等效剪切模量的讨论

对于六边形蜂窝芯体,其面内等效参数具有确定的解析式,便于应用;相比之下,对于面外等效剪切模量,现有工作只能给出其上下限,由于没有确定的取值,给工程计算带来了困扰。为克服这一矛盾,本文通过Y型蜂窝胞元,针对薄面板的情况,重新分析了芯材的面外等效剪切模量。针对直壁板与斜壁板厚度为1:1和2:1的情况,给出了近似的弹性力学解答,并由此确定出面外等效剪切模量的上限。本方法所确定的剪切模量的上限与文献给出的剪切模量的下限是相同的,从而使该模量也具有确定的解析表达式,方便了数值计算和分析。试验数据和有限元数值分析均验证了本文结论的正确性。     

弱不连续问题高阶有限元离散系统的GAMG法

弱不连续问题(如含夹杂问题)是固体力学计算中的一类重要问题。高阶有限元方法由于其具有更好的逼近效果,是确保数值解在界面保持较高精度的计算方法之一。但与线性元相比,高阶单元需要更多的计算机存储单元,具有更高的计算复杂性。本文利用两水平算法的思想,将高阶有限元离散系统化归于线性元离散系统的求解,为弱不连续问题高阶有限元离散系统设计了一种新的基于几何与分析信息的代数多重网格(GAMG)法,并应用于圆形求解域含单夹杂问题的高阶有限元离散系统的求解。数值试验结果表明,相比于常用GAMG法,新方法的迭代次数基本不依赖于问题规模、单元阶次以及杨氏模量的间断性,CPU计算时间得到明显改善,具有更好的计算效率和鲁棒性,可大大提高弱不连续问题有限元分析的整体效率。     

薄宽带材局部纵向屈曲的辛弹性力学求解方法

局部纵向屈曲是普遍存在于薄宽带材生产过程的板形缺陷,是屈曲研究的难点,精确的解析求解方法对局部纵向屈曲形成机理的研究和板形质量的提高具有重要意义。本文将任意位置的局部纵向屈曲分为带材边部和内部两类,采用辛弹性力学方法直接推导得到了局部纵向屈曲区域承受不同边界约束条件时的临界屈曲应力和屈曲挠度函数,并将求解结果与有限元和相关文献结果进行了对比。结果表明：辛弹性力学方法与有限元方法相比具有相同计算精度和更高的计算效率,计算精度高于传统能量法;带材边界的约束条件对临界屈曲应力、屈曲区域几何形状和屈曲挠度函数均存在显著影响,验证了传统能量法求解的不足,有利于提高局部屈曲计算精度。     

基于改进位移模式的一维有限元超收敛算法

将多尺度方法的思想与超收敛计算的解析公式结合起来,提出了改进有限元位移模式的算法。利用超收敛计算的解析公式,将高阶有限元解的位移模式用常规有限元解的位移模式表示。用常规有限元解的位移模式与高阶有限元解的位移模式之和构造新的位移模式,采用积分形式推导了单元刚度矩阵。该算法在前处理和后处理两个阶段都使用超收敛计算公式,在常规试函数的基础上,增加了高阶试函数,使得单元内平衡方程的残差减少,从而达到提高精度的目标。对于线性单元,本文结点和单元的位移、导数都达到了h4阶的超收敛精度。     

下卧软弱岩带变形模量取值研究

软弱岩带的变形模量对于工程建设意义重大,当前变形试验方法难以表征原位条件下软弱岩带的变形模量,导致取值偏于保守。本文基于弹性力学推导了下卧软弱岩带变形模量的解析解,建立了一种新的软弱岩带变形模量的取值方法。在现场试验成果的基础上,采用有限元反演,数值模拟成果与试验计算成果较为吻合,证明该计算方法合理可行,较常规方法直接在软弱岩带上开展的试验成果大幅提高。     

THE APPLICATION OF VARIATIONAL MULTISCALE METHOD ON A ONE-DIMENSIONAL MECHANICAL MODEL

将变分多尺度方法应用于一维缆索模型,导出受力缆索的宏观有限元模型并求得细观位移解析解,总结出变分多尺度方法应用于具体模型的关键点和缺陷. 假定刚度为常值,数值模拟一定边界和受力下的缆索,得到宏观和细观位移. 将细观与宏观位移叠加,相比于精确位移得出：细观位移可视为常规有限元模型的后验误差. 变分多尺度方法在一维力学模型中的成功应用,推进了其实用性,为其在更多力学及工程问题中的运用和发展提供了参考.     

Temperature stress analysis for bi-modulus beam placed on Winkler foundation

The materials with different moduli in tension and compression are called bi-modulus materials. Graphene is such a kind of materials with the highest strength and the thinnest thickness. In this paper, the mechanical response of the bi-modulus beam subjected to the temperature effect and placed on the Winkler foundation is studied. The differential equations about the neutral axis position and undetermined parameters of the normal strain of the bi-modulus foundation beam are established. Then, the analytical expressions of the normal stress, bending moment, and displacement of the foundation beam are derived. Simultaneously, a calculation procedure based on the finite element method(FEM) is developed to obtain the temperature stress of the bi-modulus structures. It is shown that the obtained bi-modulus solutions can recover the classical modulus solution, and the results obtained by the analytical expressions, the present FEM procedure, and the traditional FEM software are consistent, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the present analytical model and procedure. Finally, the difference between the bi-modulus results and the classical same modulus results is discussed, and several reasonable suggestions for calculating and optimizing the certain bi-modulus member in practical engineering are presented.     

Some aspects on the zero-span tensile test

In this paper, we present some analytical and numerical results concerning the zero-span testing method, frequently used for quality control of cellulose fiber for papermaking. Of particular interest is the relationship between an apparent modulus obtained from the zero-span testing method and the elastic properties of the fibers. The apparent elasticity modulus is estimated using two energy theorems in elasto-statics in which the role of span length is explored. Analytical results, derived under the assumption that slippage between specimen and clamps does not occur, clearly show that the apparent modulus strongly depends on the span length. This is verified by the numerical results obtained using the finite element method. In addition to the above analysis, the effect of slippage is investigated, also by utilizing the finite element method, and it is found that for a specific case, the contribution from slippage to the total displacement depends strongly on the length of the span. Tensile tests at nominal zero span were conducted in an effort to further validate the analysis with relevant experimental data and it was concluded that there is qualitative agreement between the experimental results and the result of the analysis.     

缺口裂纹起裂和扩展检测的直流电位法

本文从解析法、有限元分析和试验三方面探讨了直流电位法用于缺口问题的有效性。当缺口宽度与试样宽度之比较小时(如小于0.05),根据电位的改变量,解析法才能给出缺口裂纹扩展满意的推算.分析和试验说明,利用电位的改变反推缺口裂纹的扩展时,必须引入由于变形引起的缺口宽度变化对电位影响的修正.     

基于互补理论和扩展有限元法的摩擦接触裂纹应力强度因子计算

从虚功方程出发，结合扩展有限元离散技术与接触条件的非线性互补表述，建立了摩擦接触裂纹问题的扩展有限元非线性互补模型，将不等式接触条件转化为非线性互补类的非光滑方程组，并采用基于广义导数的非光滑阻尼牛顿法求解方程组，无需引入任何额外人工变量以及迭代求解。以含中心倾斜裂纹平板和边裂纹平板为例，运用相互作用积分法计算摩擦接触裂纹的应力强度因子，将其结果与理论解进行对比分析，该方法都能给出精确的计算结果；基于扩展有限元方法对单轴压缩作用下倾斜裂纹扩展过程进行了数值模拟，计算结果表明，受压裂纹数值结果与实验结果比较吻合，从而验证了本文方法的有效性与正确性。     

功能梯度板动力分析的光滑有限元法研究

为提高功能梯度板动响应问题求解精度,基于一阶剪切变形板理论,提出了求解功能梯度板自由振动问题的Cell-Based 光滑有限元格式．功能梯度板材料属性沿厚度方向呈梯度连续变化,计算系统刚度矩阵时在光滑域内进行光滑梯度操作,可提高求解精度．采用Cell-Based 光滑有限元法,讨论了长厚比、形状因子和边界条件对两种典型功能梯度方板无量纲频率参数的影响,并与FEM法的解和文献中的解做了对比．数值算例的结果表明,光滑梯度操作可改善有限元系统的刚度,Cell-Based 光滑有限元法的计算结果更加逼近真实解,从而为功能梯度材料的进一步应用打下基础．     

动压推力轴承的边界元分析

本文利用Green第二公式,将Reynolds方程转化为沿边界的积分方程,并将非线性项作为自由项的一部分处理,采用常单元离散边界Γ,用迭代技术求出油膜压力分布,与有限差分法和有限元法比较,边界元法的结果更接近解析解.     

Crack separation energy-rates for the DBCS model under biaxial modes of loading

A Modified version of the Dugdale-Bilby-Cottrell-Swinden (DBCS) model simulating the effect of plasticity at the tip of a crack in an infinite region was used by kfouri and rice (1978) to calculate the crack separation energy-rate G^Δ corresponding to a finite crack growth step Δa during plane strain mode I crack extension. The loading consisted of a remote uniaxial tension σp applied normally to the plane of the crack. Using Rice's path-independent integral J to characterize the applied load in the crack tip region, and assuming the length R of the crack tip plastic zone to be small compared with the length of the crack, an analytical expression was derived relating the ratios (J/G^Δ) and (2a/R) for small values of (2a/R). The analytical solution was incomplete in itself in that the value assumed in the plastic region of the DBCS model for the normal stress Y acting on the extending crack surfaces was the product of the yield stress in uniaxial tension σ_Y and an unknown parameter C, the value of which depends on the effect of the local hydrostatic stresses in the case of plane strain conditions. The analytical solution was compared with a numerical solution obtained from a plane strain elastic-plastic finite element analysis on a centre-cracked plate (CCP) of material obeying the von Mises yield criterion. The value used for the yield stress was 310 MN/m² and moderate isotropic linear hardening was applied with a tangent modulus of 4830 MN/m². A uniaxial tension σp was applied on the two appropriate sides of the plate. The comparisons showed that the analytical and finite element solutions were mutually consistent and they enabled the value of C to be established at 1.91. In the present paper similar comparisons are made between the analytical solution and the finite element solutions for the CCP of the same material under different biaxial modes of loading. By assuming further that the form of the analytical solution does not depend on the details of the geometry and of the loading at remote boundaries, a comparison has also been made with the results of a finite element analysis on a compact tension specimen (CTS) made of the same material as the CCP. The different values of C obtained in each case are consistent with investigations by other authors on the effect of load biaxiality on crack tip plasticity.     

变截面梁动力响应的频域传递矩阵计算方法

为提高变截面梁振动分析的计算效率,提出了基于频域传递矩阵法的动力计算算法．首先,选择线速度、角速度、弯矩和剪力作为求解变量,通过Laplace变换将变截面梁的动力响应时域偏微分方程转换为频域常微分方程;然后,通过求解频域方程并结合协调和边界条件建立变截面梁的频域传递矩阵;通过构造傅里叶级数展开形式的时域响应函数,对变截面梁传递矩阵方法求解的频响函数进行Laplace逆变换,建立了变截面梁的固有特性计算和时域瞬态响应计算方法,最后,借助数值仿真软件,开发了变截面梁动力响应分析的计算程序．完成对算例的仿真计算和分析,并与有限元计算结果进行对比,数值结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性．     

NONLINEAR LARGE DEFORMATION BENDING PROPERTIES OF THE TRACHEA1)

研究了人工气管和生物气管拉伸和弯曲的力学性能及仿真方法。根据气管拉伸实验数据,拟合建立了人工气管的线弹性和生物气管的非线性幂函数本构模型,其与实验的最大误差为18.8%。根据非线性弯曲理论,建立了气管大变形的弯曲变形方程,并得到了其解析解,计算的弯曲载荷与实验的最大误差为8.7%。基于显式有限元法提出了气管弯曲变形的有限元仿真方法,犬气管的弯曲角度的有限元计算结果与实验的误差为3%。     

Iterative method for large deflection nonlinear problem of laminated composite shallow shells and plates

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组合单元法在砂井地基有限元分析中的应用

针对砂井地基的平面应变有限元分析，本文首次将组合单元法引入到砂井地基的分析中，提出砂墙组合单元。该单元对常规等参元进行改进，在单元内部同时考虑砂井的涂抹作用和井阻作用，从而克服了常规有限元法在计算砂井地基时单元数和节点数过多的缺点。将砂墙组合单元加入USAP有限元计算软件，工程算例分析结果表明：与已有的各砂井地基的平面应变解答和荷兰的基础工程有限元分析软件PLAXIS相比，解答合理并有效地考虑砂井的涂抹作用和井阻作用；与常规有限元法相比，在保证计算精度的前提下，减少了可观的单元数和节点数，降低了计算的工作量。     

沸石分子筛单晶体弹塑性双线性本构关系的实验研究与有限元确定

为研究两种沸石分子筛方钠石SOD和镁碱沸石FER的力学性能,采用纳米压痕技术,测得随载荷连续变化的位移,得到载荷-位移曲线图.根据Olive算法,利用接触刚度连续测量技术,得到这两种沸石分子筛的硬度及弹性模量.基于弹塑性双线性本构关系假定,用ANSYS有限元程序模拟纳米压痕实验过程,利用搜索法得到沸石大单晶SOD和FER的双线性本构关系.