航空发动机模拟机匣动力学模型修正研究

针对有限元建模中由于各种误差(如建模误差等)会给计算结果精度带来影响的问题,提出了一种利用模型修正来提高有限元计算结果精度的方法。首次使用了一阶优化方法,以所测试的模态频率和振型为参考,对有限元模型进行修正。首先,以某航空发动机模拟机匣为研究对象,对其进行模态测试,得到其模态频率和振型。然后,以机匣的前10阶计算模态频率与测试模态频率之间误差最小为优化目标,使用Nastran软件对各部件有限元模型中单元的弹性模量进行了修正,并计算了模型修正前后的机匣模态频率和振型,同时与测试模态频率和振型进行对比。结果表明,修正后的有限元模型计算结果与测试结果吻合良好,二者模态振型一致,模态频率的最大误差不超过1%。由此说明修正弹性模量的模型修正方法合理、可行,适用于工程上大型复杂结构的有限元准确建模。     

基于静力响应面的结构有限元模型修正方法

提出了基于静力响应面的结构有限元模型修正方法.运用响应面方法,将结构静力响应和结构参数之间复杂的隐式关系用显式函数近似表达出来;在此响应面模型(函数)基础上,通过优化计算对结构有限元模型参数进行修正.阐述了基于静力响应面的结构有限元模型修正方法的基本理论和一般实现过程.对两跨连续梁结构的静力模型修正数值算例分析结果表明:基于静力响应面的有限元模型修正方法可以减少结构有限元计算的次数、提高模型修正的优化效率,结构有限元模型修正结果具有可接受的精度.     

动力模型总体修正的近似解析解

本文针对土木工程中理论计算的要求和特点，基于逆特征值理论给出了一种适合有限元动力模型总体修正的广义逆特征值方法，该方法在给出修正解的表达式基础上，要求修正解满足动力模型的力学特征，且仅需要少量试验数据，是一种简单、实用的有限元模型修正方法．     

基于不同MCMC抽样子集模拟的模型修正方法对比研究

子集模拟方法作为结构可靠度分析方法，也可应用于工程优化问题，诸如优化设计、模型修正等．为研究基于不同蒙特卡洛马尔可夫链(MonteCarloMarkovChain,MCMC)抽样的子集模拟优化方法(Subset Simulation Optimization, SSO)，以有限元模型修正作为优化背景问题，开展其精度和效率的对比研究．介绍标准SSO和子集模拟(Subset Simulation, SS)常见的MCMC抽样方法，并基于上述不同MCMC抽样的SSO开展某局部损伤悬臂梁（10维变量）的有限元模型修正，修正结果与基于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA)的模型修正方法进行对比；而后将上述不同MCMC抽样的SSO修正方法应用于某四层钢框架有限元模型修正中（11维变量）．结果表明，采用随机游走的延迟拒绝修正M-H方法(MMH algorithm with Delayed Rejection, MMHDR)和自适应条件抽样方法(Adaptive Conditional Sampling, ACS)的SSO有限元模型修正具有较好的精度和效率，在工程结构有限元模型修正中更具...     

基于贝叶斯信息融合的岸桥有限元模型修正研究

为建立精确的岸桥有限元模型,研究了基于贝叶斯信息融合的模型修正方法．通过方差分析,确定待修正参数,利用中心复合试验设计获取样本点,根据有限元计算结果与实测的结果残差为目标函数获得响应样本．拟合样本点和响应样本值构建二阶多项式响应面模型,并检验响应面模型的精度．基于贝叶斯理论更新融合系数来优化响应面参数,从而获得修正模型．以宁波大榭3号岸桥为工程背景,对比修正后的模态频率和实测频率,最大频率相对误差不超过5%,进而验证了基于贝叶斯信息融合的动力学有限元模型修正方法的有效性．修正后的有限元模型可进一步应用于岸桥的健康监测和安全评估．     

一种有限元模型修正中的参数选择方法

有限元模型修正面临的首要问题是待修正参数的选择.目前主要是基于灵敏度分析的结果进行参数选择.本文从结构固有频率分析的能量法出发,论证了某阶固有频率主要受到同阶振型中发生弹性变形部位刚度的影响,据此提出一种待修正参数的选择方法,以振型中弹性变形为依据,选择弹性变形较大部位的参数作为待修正参数.用一个梁模型仿真验证了该方法的正确性,并将其应用于系杆拱桥的有限元模型修正中,修正后有限元计算结果与试验结果的最大误差缩小至3.3%.     

有限元模型修正研究进展:从线性到非线性

有限元分析在实际工程中得到了广泛应用.然而有限元模型由于受到网格划分、边界条件和材料物理参数不确定性等的影响,与真实结构有差异. 因此须通过试验数据加以修正,使其尽可能接近实际结构,以保证之后的结构动力模拟分析和监测等具有实际意义. 经过多年发展,有限元模型修正技术已经能够成功应用于一些实际工程,但现代工程技术的进步对有限元模型修正提出了更高要求,修正后的有限元模型不仅要有较高的精确度,还需要为后续应用给出具有指导意义的置信度.而现有的有限元模型修正、确认方法多基于结构线性的假设,而未能考虑实际结构中广泛存在的非线性.因此本文以土木工程结构模型修正的一些研究成果为例,通过对传统有限元模型修正的发展历程进行全面回顾;总结评述传统有限元修正技术的主要方法,以及包括有限元模型确认在内的最新研究进展;重点探讨有限元模型修正技术向非线性发展的技术路线和目前主要研究成果,展望其未来发展方向, 并提出值得研究的问题.      

结构动力学有限元模型确认方法研究

随着结构动力学求解问题的复杂化，有限元分析方法越来越起着关键作用。由于许多结构系统本身存在不确定性因素，试验数据存在随机误差，而计算的三类误差也会包含着不确定性误差，如何用有限的试验来修正和检验计算模型，最后得到具有一定置信度的有限元模型，即模型确认，在工程领域越来越得到关注。在与模型修正比较的基础上，详细讨论了模型确认的主要研究内容，并结合两个应用实例，讨论模型确认的总体思路与实现方法。     

有限元模型修正研究进展:从线性到非线性

有限元分析在实际工程中得到了广泛应用.然而有限元模型由于受到网格划分、边界条件和材料物理参数不确定性等的影响,与真实结构有差异.因此须通过试验数据加以修正,使其尽可能接近实际结构,以保证之后的结构动力模拟分析和监测等具有实际意义.经过多年发展,有限元模型修正技术已经能够成功应用于一些实际工程,但现代工程技术的进步对有限元模型修正提出了更高要求,修正后的有限元模型不仅要有较高的精确度,还需要为后续应用给出具有指导意义的置信度.而现有的有限元模型修正、确认方法多基于结构线性的假设,而未能考虑实际结构中广泛存在的非线性.因此本文以土木工程结构模型修正的一些研究成果为例,通过对传统有限元模型修正的发展历程进行全面回顾;总结评述传统有限元修正技术的主要方法,以及包括有限元模型确认在内的最新研究进展;重点探讨有限元模型修正技术向非线性发展的技术路线和目前主要研究成果,展望其未来发展方向,并提出值得研究的问题.     

Recent progress on finite element model updating: From linearity to nonlinearity

有限元分析在实际工程中得到了广泛应用.然而有限元模型由于受到网格划分、边界条件和材料物理参数不确定性等的影响,与真实结构有差异. 因此须通过试验数据加以修正,使其尽可能接近实际结构,以保证之后的结构动力模拟分析和监测等具有实际意义. 经过多年发展,有限元模型修正技术已经能够成功应用于一些实际工程,但现代工程技术的进步对有限元模型修正提出了更高要求,修正后的有限元模型不仅要有较高的精确度,还需要为后续应用给出具有指导意义的置信度.而现有的有限元模型修正、确认方法多基于结构线性的假设,而未能考虑实际结构中广泛存在的非线性.因此本文以土木工程结构模型修正的一些研究成果为例,通过对传统有限元模型修正的发展历程进行全面回顾;总结评述传统有限元修正技术的主要方法,以及包括有限元模型确认在内的最新研究进展;重点探讨有限元模型修正技术向非线性发展的技术路线和目前主要研究成果,展望其未来发展方向, 并提出值得研究的问题.     

汽车车架结构参数的优化设计

本文采用有限元和优化设计相结合的方法，恰当地解决了通用约束的非线性规划问题。通过对汽车车架结构特点的分析，提出了车架结构参数优化的数学模型，讨论了车架的各种约束条件，并采用混合罚函数法对实例进行了优化设计。     

High‐order strand grid methods for low‐speed and incompressible flows

A novel high‐order finite volume scheme using flux correction methods in conjunction with structured finite differences is extended to low Mach and incompressible flows on strand grids. Flux correction achieves a high order by explicitly canceling low‐order truncation error terms across finite volume faces and is applied in unstructured layers of the strand grid. The layers are then coupled together using a source term containing summation‐by‐parts finite differences in the strand direction. A preconditioner is employed to extend the method to low speed and incompressible flows. We further extend the method to turbulent flows with the Spalart–Allmaras model. Laminar flow test cases indicate improvements in accuracy and convergence using the high‐order preconditioned method, while turbulent body‐of‐revolution flow results show improvements in only some cases, perhaps because of dominant errors arising from the turbulence model itself. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

开口厚壁截面短构件的约束扭转1）

为了分析开口厚壁截面短构件的约束扭转问题,采用统一分析梁模型与有限节线法,对T形和L形厚壁截面短构件约束扭转时横截面的翘曲和应力分布情况等问题进行了分析研究.算例计算结果表明：开口厚壁截面短构件存在与其横截面形心位置不一致的扭转（弯曲）中心,构件在不过扭转中心的外力作用下会产生弯扭耦合变形,其横截面将产生不均匀翘曲,横截面上的翘曲正应力和扭转剪应力均呈非线性分布.     

Numerical analysis of large elastic-plastic deformation of beams due to dynamic loading

Numerical calculations were performed for two examples of the response of elastic-plastic beams subjected to dynamic loads. These were a simply supported, axially restrained beam under suddenly applied uniform pressure, and an axially restrained, clamped beam with a central mass that is impacted by a projectile. Large elastic-plastic deflections were considered, and the method of finite differences was used. Two different constitutive equations were assumed: the elástic-perfectly plastic relation, and a special elastic-viscoplastic, strain hardening model. Analysis of the results included examining the interaction between the bending moment and the axial force, the variation of the axial force, bending moment and deflection with time, and the propagation velocities of the various phenomena during motion. Experiments were carried out in which a rifle projectile hit a central mass which had been fastened to a clamped beam. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental dynamic deflections shows good agreement for relatively short response times.     

磁悬浮挠性转子系统模型复合辨识方法

针对磁悬浮挠性转子的纯有限元分析模型精度低的问题,提出一种磁悬浮挠性转子系统模型复合辨识方法。该方法首先采用有限元方法把磁悬浮挠性转子划分为多个Timoshenko梁单元,建立磁悬浮挠性转子系统模型,并对其挠性临界频率、阻尼、刚度和振型等关键参数进行分析,进而得到磁悬浮挠性转子的等效降阶数学模型;然后采用鲁棒自适应方法分析磁悬浮挠性转子系统的动态特性;最后,采用变LEVY方法从动态特性分析数据中对磁悬浮挠性转子进行系统辨识,校正有限元分析得到的降阶数学模型。实验结果表明,本方法可以得到磁悬浮挠性转子较为准确的系统模型。     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的高速转子模态分析及实验研究

采用通用有限元软件包ANSYS7．0，建立了控制力矩陀螺结构的有限元模型，对磁悬浮飞轮转子组件以及陀螺整体组合结构进行了模态分析。通过与实验结果对比，验证了模型的合理性和精确性，指出了盘轴相对弯曲模态是系统工作带宽内的主要模态，也是影响飞轮转子系统稳定性的主要原因之一，必须进行有效陷波处理。分析结果为电磁轴承控制器参数的选取以及陀螺框架的设计提供了依据；采用ANSYS参数设计语言APDL建立的有限元模型也为下一步的优化设计奠定了基础。     

The effect of out-of-plane restraint on plane-stress solutions near straight boundaries

The existence of out-of-plane displacement restraint where thin photoelastic plates are bonded to relaively rigid boundaries or inclusions will induce transverse stress components whose presence can cause the in-plane stresses to deviate significantly from the plane-stress solution. The extended generalized planestress formulation, which was developed in a previous paper to study the effect of out-of-plane restraint on the through-the-thickness averages of the in-plane stresses and displacements in thin plates, is applied here to obtain correction factors by which the photoelastically determined in-plane stress components at a straight restrained boundary can be multiplied to recover the desired twodimensional solution. Cases of mechanical and thermal loadings which vary sinusoidally in the direction parallel to the restrained boundary are treated. The stress-field alterations due to out-of-lane restraint are shown to depend strongly on Poisson's ratiov and the ratioL/H of the half-wavelength of the load variation to the plate thickness, and can be minimized by choosing a photoelastic material with the smallest values ofv andH possible. The simple asymptotic form of the stress-field alterations for large values ofL/H has enabled us to prescribe simple correction factors in this range. Finally, it is observed that, although the normal stress component which is parallel to the restrained boundary is altered to a greater degree than are the other in-plane stress components, the effect on this stress component penetrates into the plate a distance of only about one plate thickness, whereas the effect on the other components penetrates a distance of approximately one half-wavelength of the load variation.     

Nanoindentation of hyperelastic polymer layers at finite deformation and parameter re-identification

Thin polymer layers on substrates have a wide range of application in important areas. However, it is impossible to measure the mechanical properties with the traditional testing methods. Recently, nanoindentation became a new but primary testing technique of thin layers. In the present work, based on a finite element model of contact mechanics and hyperelastic materials, nanoindentation of polymer layers is simulated with the finite element code ABAQUS^?. Three often used hyperelastic models, that is, the neo-Hookean, Mooney–Rivlin and Yeoh models are investigated. The behaviour of these three models is compared to each other in different boundary value problems of nanoindentation in order to get some feeling of the different behaviour of various hyperelastic models under nanoindentation. In contrast to the traditional analytical method, the penetration depth is not restrained to avoid the influence of the substrate. A parameter re-identification strategy is employed to extract the parameters of the material models at small and finite deformation based on the principle of biological evolution. Furthermore, it is investigated how large the penetration depth has to be chosen in order to distinguish different models in reference to the load–displacement curves. Finally, the possibility is discussed of describing the data obtained by a non-linear complex model using the relatively simple approach based on the neo-Hookean model.     

Load and Boundary Condition Calibration Using Full-field Strain Measurement

For critical load bearing structures, it is often necessary to experimentally determine the load distribution on the structure so that accurate finite element models can be developed for stress and fatigue life predictions. An inverse problem approach is presented here for computing or calibrating the loads and boundary conditions acting on a structure. This enables the creation of more accurate finite element models, especially for structures that have complicated load distribution and compliant boundary conditions. The method presented here involves minimizing the least square error between the strains computed using the finite element model and the strains and displacements obtained experimentally. The nodal loads and the compliance at fixed boundaries are treated as the variables in the optimization problem. The compliance is modeled as springs attached at the nodes that are on the boundary where the structure is restrained. The method is verified by computing the loads and boundary conditions when displacements, maximum shear strain or both are available at large number of points on the surface of the structure. The experimental data set was generated using the luminescent photoelastic coating (LPC) technique.     

An assessment of the finite termination property of the defect correction method

This paper investigates the use of defect correction procedures for the solution of finite volume approximations to systems of conservation laws. Particular emphasis is laid on the order of accuracy obtained after a fixed finite number of iterations. It is shown that a high order of accuracy may be achieved after only one defect correction iteration, involving two inversions of a stable lower-order-accurate operator. However, this result is found to be critically dependent on the consistency of the lower-order operator, a property which does not always hold for conservative finite volume discretizations. Through numerical experiments, the lack of consistency of these schemes is found to inhibit severely the finite termination property of the defect correction process. Results are presented for linear advection, Poisson's equation, and the Euler equations.