缆索吊装系统有限元分析中的滑轮单元

为精确模拟结构中的滑轮，建立了滑轮支承一段索的单元，它考虑了滑轮的半径. 该``滑轮单元'的中间节点在滑轮的中心，另两个节点为索段位于滑轮两侧的端点. 新单元通过自动调整索在滑轮两侧的长度，使单元达到平衡状态. 单元算法的推导基于有限元分析的基本原理，并利用了处于平衡状态时单元内力之间的关系. 介绍新单元的推导过程，算例验证了它的正确性，并显示了其在含有滑轮索结构有限元分析中的高效性和方便性.     

Efficient modeling of cable-pulley system with friction based on arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian approach

In conventional modeling of a cable-pulley system, the cable must be finely meshed with Lagrangian elements for valid contact detections with pulleys, leading to extremely low efficiency. The sliding joint method based on the arbitrary-LagrangianEulerian(ALE) formulation still lacks an efficient cable element, and in particular, modeling of friction between a sliding joint and the cable has not been studied. This paper presents efficient multi-body modeling of a cable-pulley system with friction. A variablelength cable element with a node movable along the cable, which is described with ALE,is developed to mesh the cable. A transitional cable element is then proposed to model the contact part of the cable by fixing its two nodes to the two corresponding locations of the pulley. Friction of the cable-pulley is derived as a simple law of tension decay and embedded in the multi-body system modeling. It is simplified as a generalized friction force acting only on the arc-length coordinate. This approach can use a rough mesh on the cable, and is free of contact detections, thus significantly saving computation time.Several examples are presented to validate the proposed method, and show its effectiveness in real engineering applications.     

预应力钢桁架结构分析中的摩擦滑移索单元

为精确模拟预应力钢桁架中连续长索在支撑点的滑动,本文创建了一种考虑摩擦力影响的新单元。被称为摩擦滑移索单元的新单元有三个节点,中间节点为支撑点。本文首先利用弹性悬链线的解析解,建立了弹性悬链线单元,并推导了单元两端点的张拉刚度。摩擦滑移索单元由两个弹性悬链线单元组合而成,根据支撑点处索的滑动方向、索力差、滑动摩擦力和滑移刚度调整两索段的原长,使支撑点两侧的索力满足给定的摩擦关系。算例验证了新单元算法的正确性和高效性,对设计的预应力钢桁架的分析,显示了张拉过程中及使用荷载作用下新单元在结构分析中的应用。新单元可直接用于常规的有限元分析,研究在工作状态或施工中存在连续长索滑移的索结构。     

损伤因素对单层平面索网静力性能影响研究：有限元分析与试验验证

运用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立三维有限元模型,对横索与竖索连接节点失效、索预应力损失和锚固端失效这三种损伤因素的不同损伤工况下,单层平面索网结构的受力性能进行了非线性有限元分析,并与相应的试验结果进行了全面对比分析。结果表明：本文的有限元模型能够准确地分析计算上述三种损伤因素对单层平面索网结构受力性能的影响,包括结构...     

滑轮在索上滑行分析的索-轮单元法

为了分析索结构中滑轮在悬索上行走及连续长索从滑轮下绕行问题，创建了一种新的单 元. 被称为索-滑轮单元的三节点新单元模拟一段索支承滑轮，滑轮的中心取为中间节点， 索的两端点为另外两节点. 基于有限元分析的基本原理，并利用处于平衡状态时单元内力之间的关系，推导了单元的算法. 这种新单元可以通过自动调整滑轮两侧索段的长度使单元处于平衡状态，从而简化了计算. 算例证明了新单元的算法及所编制程序的正确性，同时说明了它在工程中的应用. 给出了构成刚度阵的各矩阵的显式表达式. 新单元可以直接用于常规的有限元分析中，分析处于工作状态或施工中的索结构.     

索托桥结构分析的滑移索单元法

为在索托桥的结构分析中精确模拟连续长索的滑动,本文创建了一种新的单元。被称为“滑移索单元”的新单元有三个节点,以点接触的形式模拟索从下方绕过滑轮,它可以通过自动调整两侧索段的长度而使单元处于平衡状态,从而简化了计算。新单元算法的推导基于有限元分析的基本原理和弹性悬链线的解析解,并利用了平衡状态时单元内力之间的关系。本文介绍滑移索单元的推导过程,用设计的算例验证了它的正确性,分析了连续长索的滑移对索托桥桥面竖向变形的影响。新单元可以直接用于常规的有限元分析中,研究处于工作状态或在施工中的索结构。     

单层短程线网壳结构模型试验研究

模型试验是全面掌握工程结构基本特性的有效手段之一。根据模型相似理论设计并制作了单层短程线网壳结构模型,同时设计了可动砝码加载方案,加工制作了砝码及支托。对结构杆件进行了材料拉伸试验,对结构模型进行了静载试验和模态试验研究,成功获得了结构模型的静内力分布规律及模态参数。试验结果与有限元计算结果对比分析表明,静载试验结果与有限元计算结果吻合较好,模态试验结果与有限元计算结果吻合稍差。所采用的加载方案、试验手段及分析方法对类似的模型试验研究都具有一定的参考价值,所得到的试验数据为大型空间网格结构实际工程的在线损伤识别及健康监测研究提供了第一手资料。     

固体火箭发动机滚动球窝喷管弹塑性摩擦接触承载性能分析

固体火箭发动机滚动球窝喷管的弹塑性摩擦接触承载性能,属于复杂结构在复杂载荷作用下的弹塑性摩擦接触问题,它直接决定着系统的结构设计和功能发挥。为保证系统在承受极端工作载荷时,喷管不产生大的轴向位移,阴球、阳球与滚动体间具有一定的接触强度,同时不产生过量的塑性变形,设计阶段,基于计算精度高的三维摩擦接触问题的Lagrange乘子法,解决了与弹塑性耦合的算法问题;在滚动体运动分析及摩擦测试的基础上,模拟系统冷试车冲压试验,充分考虑材料表面强化层,建立了各构件间的弹塑性摩擦接触模型。有限元计算结果及冷试车分解试验、系统作动力矩测试试验结果表明,系统弹塑性摩擦接触承载性能满足结构设计要求,有限元建模及计算结果正确。     

基于欧拉描述的两节点索单元非线性有限元法

本文针对柔性悬索结构几何非线性分析的特点,提出了一种用欧拉描述来表示的两节点索单元非线性有限元模型,在索元变形后的位置上由虚功能建立了非线有限元基本方程及切线刚度矩阵。这样建立的非线性有限元分析方法可充分考虑拉索的几何非线性特性的影响并给悬索结构的初始平衡分析带来方便,算例结果表明,本文方法是精确有效的。     

Nonlinear dynamics of a cable–pulley system using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation

It is reasonable to develop models and to investigate the dynamic behaviour of systems composed of cables since cable vibration can have an important effect on the motion of these mechanical systems. This paper deals with the application of the nonlinear formulation for flexible body dynamics called the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). It is used for modelling the systems composed of cables, pulleys, other rigid bodies and a motor with prescribed motion. The ANCF was chosen as a suitable approach, which that can allow to consider a detailed interaction of the cable and the pulley with its nonlinear dynamical behaviour. The ANCF uses absolute positions of nodes (reference vectors) and slopes (reference vector derivations) as a set of nodal coordinates. An in-house modelling tool in the MATLAB system was created based on the proposed modelling methodology and two case studies were performed. A simple system containing a pulley and a cable with two attached bodies was used in order to test the simulation tool based on the proposed modelling methodology with respect to different parameters. A more complex mechanical system composed of a driven weight joined with a motor by a cable led over a pulley was numerically and also experimentally investigated. The comparison of obtained numerical and experimental results shows sufficient agreement and proves that the proposed modelling approach can be used for dynamic analyses of such systems.     

钢-混凝土混合框架结构多尺度分析及其建模方法

多尺度计算是保证计算精度的同时最大限度降低计算代价的有效途径,在众多学科领域和工程问题中都得到了应用.在结构有限元多尺度分析领域,要解决的一个关键问题是如何实现局部微观模型与宏观结构模型之间的共同工作.为实现精细有限元模型在植入宏观结构模型时不同尺度模型界面的变形协调,提出有限元微观模型与宏观模型的界面连接方法,给出了轴向、横向和转角的约束方程.通过编制用户子程序,使该方法在有限元软件中得以实现,并通过简单的圆柱筒算例,对界面连接的合理性进行了验证.最后基于多尺度建模方法和复杂混合结构节点的精细模型,给出了钢-混凝土混合框架结构多尺度弹塑性时程分析的应用实例,结果表明多尺度计算可较好模拟节点的复杂边界条件.本文建议的界面连接方法可有效实现不同尺度模型界面的变形协调,为工程结构进行多尺度提供了条件.     

AN IMPROVED IRS METHOD FOR STRUCTURE MODEL CONDENSATION1)

模型缩聚法在结构的静力和动力特性分析中有着广泛的应用。应用模型缩聚法,可以有效降低结构的有限元计算规模,节省计算时间和成本,并能获得和实验测量自由度相匹配的有限元模型。本文在改进模型缩聚方法(improved reduced system, IRS)的基础上,提出一种考虑二阶惯性量的改进IRS方法,有效改进了IRS方法的计算精度,和模型缩聚迭代法(iterated IRS, IIRS)相比,此方法计算量更小且计算精度更高。以桁架结构和框架结构为例对所提二阶IRS方法进行了验证,并将计算结果与精确值、Guyan缩聚解、IRS缩聚解和IIRS缩聚解进行了比较,结果表明了所提方法计算精度最好,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

Static Finite Element Validation of a Flexible Micro Air Vehicle

The flexible-wing approach has proven to be a successful method for designing micro air vehicles. The wing’s passive deformation under wind loads can allow for gust rejection, delayed stall, or improved longitudinal stability. As such, an accurate structural model of the flexible wing can provide greater understanding of the aforementioned phenomena. This paper seeks to formulate a static finite element wing model, with a particular emphasis on accuracy. The wing is broken into three different types of elements: beams, plates, and membranes. Individual element types are characterized and validated by constructing simple structures from the appropriate material, and then comparing experimental and numerical deformation fields. Experimental results are found through a visual image correlation system. The elements are then combined to form the complete wing model, which is also validated through experiments. The resulting finite element model is found to be very accurate, able to predict the complicated structural response of a composite wing. Due to observations made during standard wind tunnel testing, the structural response of a typical membrane MAV wing in steady level pre-stall flight is thought to be quasi-static. As such, the finite element model formulated in this work will be indispensable towards future numerical static aeroelastic optimization research efforts aimed at improving the efficiency, agility, and sensitivity of practical micro air vehicles.     

张拉结构非线性分析的五节点等参单元

本文针对张拉结构的特点，提出了一种五节点等参数单元有限元模型，采用四次多项式作为位移插值函数及单元初始形状函数，并假定索是理想柔性的且满足虎克定律，基于修正的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ坐标描述法，建立了非线性有限元基本方程和切线刚度矩阵，利用Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ－Ｒａｐｈｓｏｎ法进行了实例计算。结果表明：本文方法精度极高，可供大跨度索网，索穹顶，拉线塔等张拉结构分析，设计时采用。     

A general super element for a curved beam

Corrugated panels have gained considerable popularity in a range of engineering applications, particularly in morphing skin applications. The optimum design of these structures needs simple models of the corrugated panels that may be incorporated into multi-disciplinary system models. Considering the geometric and mechanical properties of the corrugated panel, a generic super element of a corrugated core unit cell with elastomeric coating for morphing structures is investigated in this paper. The super element captures the small deformation of a 2D thin curved beam with variable curvature and is based on an exact analytical equivalent model which avoids any homogenization assumption. The stiffness matrix of a general curved beam element for a corrugated unit cell with elastomeric coating is derived. Different geometries are investigated to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the presented super element. The super element uses the geometric and mechanical properties of the panel as variables that may be applied for further topology optimization studies. The parametric studies of different corrugation shapes demonstrate the suitability of the proposed super element for application in further detailed design investigations.     

斜拉桥索梁锚固区边界条件对结构受力的影响

针对苏通(苏州-南通)长江公路大桥斜拉桥锚箱式索梁锚固结构进行了足尺静载试验,采用空间有限元方法分析实际结构和试验模型锚固区的应力与变形,将试验与计算结果进行比较,验证计算方法的正确性。在此基础上,做了大量仿真计算,详细探讨了索梁锚固结构周围边界条件的不同对结构受力的影响,计算了实际结构在不同约束条件下索梁锚固区的各种应力分布情况,进而得到了一些有益的结论,为今后类似结构试验的设计提供参考。     

半潜式钻井平台管道钢构支架极限强度研究

钢构支架是半潜式钻井平台管道支吊架的主要类型之一,钢构支架的极限强度是管道系统正常工作的重要保障。研究结构极限强度的方法有理论分析、有限元数值仿真和实验分析。在分析极限理论的基础上由静力法计算四种钢构支架试件的极限载荷;利用MSC软件对试件极限载荷进行数值仿真分析,并对有限元模型化技术进行讨论;对试件进行实验极限载荷测试,对比分析了三种方法测得的极限载荷。结果表明,三种分析方法计算得到结构的极限载荷基本一致,对于结构形式较为简单的结构通过理论分析可以得到简化解析解析解;数值仿真分析中采用合理的有限元模型化技术(结构有限元模型、边界、约束等)可得到精度较高的计算结果。     

冲击波荷载作用下拉线塔的非线性动力分析

拉线塔是一种含有柔索的非线性结构。在冲击波荷载作用下,拉线塔在三维空间内会产生大范围的非线性位移,用工程上常用的模型简化方法来分析大变形拉线塔的误差比较大。本文采用非线性有限元法编制的可在微机上运行的拉线塔非线性静、动力分析程序,计算了单根柔索的阶跃冲击响应与冲击波荷载作用下拉线塔的非线性几何大变形动力响应,计算结果与有关文献的计算结果以及试验结果非常吻合。     

Dynamics of Articulated Structures. Part I. Theory

ABSTRACT

A finite element based method is developed for geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis of spatial articulated structures; i.e., structures in which kinematic connections permit large relative displacement between components that undergo small elastic deformation. Vibration and static correction modes are used to account for linear elastic deformation of components. Kinematic constraints between components are used to define boundary conditions for vibration analysis and loads for static correction mode analysis. Constraint equations between flexible bodies are derived in a systematic way and a Lagrange multiplier formulation is used to generate the coupled large displacement-small deformation equations of motion. A lumped mass finite element structural analysis formulation is used to generate deformation modes. An intermediate-processor is used to calculate time-independent terms in the equations of motion and to generate input data for a large-scale dynamic analysis code that includes coupled effects of geometric nonlinearity and elastic deformation. Examples are presented and the effects of deformation mode selection on dynamic prediction are analyzed in Part II of the paper.     

复合材料层合板的摄动随机Cell-Based光滑有限元

随机性是实际工程结构的固有特性,如何更真实地描述含随机参数结构的随机响应及统计特性,对工程结构的可靠性设计具有非常重要的意义。本文基于Cell-Based光滑有限元,采用四边形单元,推导了基于一阶剪切变形理论的复合材料层合板的光滑有限元公式,降低了网格划分要求,适应不规则网格,并采用离散剪切间隙有效地消除了剪切自锁;结合摄动法和随机场理论,导出了复合材料层合板的摄动随机光滑有限元平衡方程,并给出了结构随机响应数字特征的计算公式,求解了材料属性含随机性的复合材料层合板的随机响应问题,数值算例结果表明了本方法的有效性和准确性。