强爆炸光辐射脉冲辐照特征与爆炸当量的相关性

为定量分析强爆炸光辐射辐照特征及其与爆炸当量的关系,建立了用于描述光辐射输运过程的辐射流体力学模型。在算子分裂方法运用的基础上,采用温度梯度作为指示子进行并行区域的动态划分,从而实现较高效率的并行求解。在此基础上数值计算了千吨~兆吨当量下强爆炸光辐射的发展过程,分析表明:光辐射强度随时间呈现“双脉冲”变化,强度极小和强度第2极大时刻与当量的某次方成正比。光辐射总功率变化历程与光辐射强度变化历程相似,但受辐射源半径随当量变化的影响,其极值时刻会出现差异。     

不同当量强爆炸早期火球现象的数值模拟

采用一维球对称辐射流体力学方程组,研究了不同当量强爆炸早期火球阵面、冲击波的形成发展过程,对计算结果进行了相似律分析。结果表明,随爆炸当量增加,火球阵面、冲击波扩张速度加快,火球扩张过渡阶段开始结束位置及持续范围增加,火球中心温度下降变慢;在火球阵面以冲击波扩张传播以后,火球阵面参量满足立方根相似律。     

M1近似应用于强爆炸火球辐射输运数值模拟

推导了P1近似、Minerbo近似和M1近似模型中Eddington因子和辐射输运方程的最大特征值随各向异性因子的变化关系。采用M1近似模型对1kt TNT当量的强爆炸火球的辐射输运过程进行了数值模拟,给出了火球阵面和冲击波阵面走时,并与已有计算结果进行了比较。结果表明:辐射扩张阶段M1近似下得到的辐射波波速快于P1近似下的计算结果,落后于Minerbo近似下的计算结果,而在冲击波扩张阶段三者计算结果又趋于一致。     

惰性颗粒抑爆过程的数值模拟

对高温火球诱导的爆炸及惰性颗粒的抑爆过程进行了数值研究。由于扰动特征时间 ,两相弛豫特征时间和化学平衡特征时间的差异 ,这种带激波的两相化学反应流守恒方程具有刚性。利用处理包括组元守恒方程的全耦合TVD格式和可处理方程源项的Lax Wendroff Rubin格式分别求解气相和颗粒相 ,并根据各特征时间的比值用分步法处理方程的刚性。计算结果反映了均温燃烧火球在可燃环境中形成加速火焰和激波 ,进而成长为爆轰波的过程 ,以及惰性颗粒对爆轰波的抑制过程 ,反映了激波、化学反应和惰性颗粒之间的相互作用和耦合。计算结果表明 ,仅当颗粒浓度大于某值时才能有效抑制爆轰 ,否则无论多大的颗粒散布区域 ,皆不能使爆轰波完全抑制 ,爆轰波或是在其中发展为两相爆轰波 ,或是穿越该区域后重新成长为气相爆轰。     

火球动态模型在温压炸药热毁伤效应评估中的应用

根据红外热成像仪所测的某温压炸药和TNT爆炸火球的表征参量数据,分析了火球热辐射的动态模型,对爆炸火球变化规律进行了定量描述.以具有时间属性的爆炸火球热辐射动态模型为基础,比较了温压炸药和TNT装药爆炸火球热毁伤效应.研究结果表明,温压炸药的热辐射剂量可达TNT热辐射剂量的3.6～4.8倍,温压炸药具有明显的高温毁伤优...     

一种求解Euler方程的新型高阶精度数值方法

提出了一种求解Euler方程的新型高阶精度数值方法.该数值方法基于一种新的矢通量分裂格式,将矢通量项分裂成压力通量项和对流通量项.与传统矢通量分裂格式相比,新的矢通量分裂格式能够更好地捕捉特征场内的中间特征波,从而增强格式的分辨率.同时,为了提高这种矢通量分裂格式的空间精度,我们在近似求解压力通量项黎曼问题时对界面处的独立物理变量进行高阶插值.在时间步上,采用显式最优的三阶龙格-库塔方法进行推进.数值试验表明,与传统数值方法相比,本文提出的新方法同时具有高精度和高分辨率的优点.     

激光与材料相互作用研究中的气体物理学

强激光辐照材料时,烧蚀蒸气吸收部分或全部激光辐射,成为部分离化等离子体.它的传播称为激光支持的吸收波(LSAW).LSAW屏蔽入射激光,同时发射易被材料表面吸收的短波长辐射.研究这些过程,可用辐射流体力学描述蒸气的运动。为了求解辐射流体力学方程,必须利用气体物理力学方法,算出蒸气的状态方程和不透明度.本文对涉及的一些气体物理力学问题,进行了概略介绍.     

激光与材料相互作用研究中的气体物理学

强激光辐照材料时,烧蚀蒸气吸收部分或全部激光辐射,成为部分离化等离子体.它的传播称为激光支持的吸收波(LSAW).LSAW屏蔽入射激光,同时发射易被材料表面吸收的短波长辐射.研究这些过程,可用辐射流体力学描述蒸气的运动。为了求解辐射流体力学方程,必须利用气体物理力学方法,算出蒸气的状态方程和不透明度.本文对涉及的一些气体物理力学问题,进行了概略介绍.      

坑道内爆炸条件下温压炸药的爆炸特性及其影响因素

温压炸药在坑道内爆炸时会产生多种毁伤元,对坑道内人员和设备造成严重威胁。基于不同药量的温压炸药爆炸试验,对坑道内爆炸条件下温压炸药的爆炸特性开展了研究,分析了爆炸热效应演化特征、冲击波传播规律和氧浓度降低情况,讨论了坑道对铝粉后燃的约束作用规律以及形成高烈度后燃效应的药量条件。研究表明：温压炸药火球辐射亮度高于TNT,且其火球温度峰值超过TNT温度峰值的1.3倍。在火球演化过程中,火球在后燃阶段的温度峰值较火球形态刚稳定时提升超过10%。在冲击波传播规律方面,超压峰值与正压时间的TNT当量系数分别约为1.4与1.65。另外,铝粉后燃产生的压缩波对冲击波能够形成多种补充效果,陡峭升压的压缩波能够使冲击波峰值升高,持续时间长但升压速率慢的压缩波能够限制冲击波的衰减,延长整体正压作用时间。受坑道约束作用,温压炸药爆炸火球将与坑道壁面发生相互作用,进而提高铝粉的燃烧烈度。当温压炸药质量立方根与坑道直径的比值大于0.28 kg^1/3/m时,将产生高烈度后燃效应。     

均匀大气中的强爆炸一维辐射流体力学数值解

利用实际空气的状态方程和辐射平均自由程,对均匀大气中能量为8.36×1013焦耳（相当于二万吨TNT的爆炸能量）的强爆炸进行了一维辐射流体力学的数值计算。获得了冲击波参数、火球参数及等温球参数。其冲击波阵面参数与流体力学结果基本一致,波后参量比流体力学结果有明显改进,所得到的火球及等温球参数与实测结果基本符合。     

Blast waves in inhomogeneous atmospheres with counterpressure and heat transfer effects

The study on blast waves in cold exponential atmospheres by Bach, Kuhl, and Oppenheim is extended to provide a uniformly valid numerical solution of a point explosion problem in isothermal exponential atmospheres with finite temperature at the centre. This is achieved initially by solving the equations of motion with the help of a perturbation technique which takes into account thermal radiation and heat conduction. Whereas the extended perturbation solution for the strong shock regime (i.e. short times after initiation) serves as a starting solution for the numerical integration, the solution using the method of characteristics is valid for the whole flow field since counterpressure effects and energy losses at the front are not neglected.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1.0 and the AMS fonts, developed by the American Mathematical Society.     

Numerically gas radiation heat transfer modeling in chemically nonequilibrium reactive flow

A numerical method for calculation of strong radiation for 2D reactive air is developed. Governing equations are taken to be 2D, compressible Reynolds-average Navier–Stokes and species transport equations. Also, radiation heat flux is evaluated using a model of discrete ordinate method. A multiband model is used to construct absorption coefficients. Tangent slab approximation is assumed to determine the characteristic parameters needed in the Discrete Ordinates Method.     

空气自由场中强爆炸冲击波传播二维数值模拟

编写了适用于模拟具有高密度比、高压力比的强激波问题的二维柱对称多介质流体计算程序。利用有限体积方法求解流体的Euler方程组,采用level set方法捕捉爆炸产物与空气的运动界面,并通过求解物质界面两侧Riemann问题的精确解来计算爆炸产物与空气之间的数值通量。研制了三角形网格自适应技术来实现网格的自动加密和粗化,在保证捕捉激波峰值的前提下有效地提高了计算效率。利用计算程序对1 kt TNT当量的空气自由场强爆炸问题进行数值模拟,计算得到的峰值超压、冲击波到达时间等物理参数与点爆炸理论结果基本一致。     

松弛方法在计算凝聚炸药爆轰问题中的应用

利用松弛近似,将非线性的凝聚炸药爆轰控制方程转化为线性的松弛方程组,并采用五阶WENO格式和五阶线性多步显隐格式对线性松弛方程组进行空间方向和时间方向的离散,由此建立具有高精度和高分辨率性质的计算凝聚炸药爆轰的松弛方法。建立的松弛方法可以避免求解Riemann问题及计算非线性通量的Jacobi矩阵,同时无需分裂处理反应源项。通过对凝聚炸药的平面一维定常爆轰波结构及球面一维聚心、散心爆轰起爆和传播过程的数值模拟,验证了所建立的松弛方法能够很好地计算凝聚炸药爆轰问题。     

Operator Splitting Multiscale Finite Volume Element Method for Two-Phase Flow with Capillary Pressure

A numerical method used for solving a two-phase flow problem as found in typical oil recovery is investigated in the setting of physics-based two-level operator splitting. The governing equations involve an elliptic differential equation coupled with a parabolic convection-dominated equation which poses a severe restriction for obtaining fully implicit numerical solutions. Furthermore, strong heterogeneity of the porous medium over many length scales adds to the complications for effectively solving the system. One viable approach is to split the system into three sub-systems: the elliptic, the hyperbolic, and the parabolic equation, respectively. In doing so, we allow for the use of appropriate numerical discretization for each type of equation and the careful exchange of information between them. We propose to use the multiscale finite volume element method (MsFVEM) for the elliptic and parabolic equations, and a nonoscillatory difference scheme for the hyperbolic equation. Performance of this procedure is confirmed through several numerical experiments.     

Fractional step method for solution of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured triangular meshes

In this paper an implicit fractional step method for the solution of the two-dimensional, time-dependent, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The current method was developed for use on an unstructured grid made up of triangles. The basic principles of this method are that the evaluation of the time evolution is split into intermediate steps and that for the spatial discretization of the flow equations a finite volume discretization on an unstructured triangular mesh is used. The present approach has been used to simulate viscous, laminar flows for various Reynolds numbers in test cases such as a backward-facing step, a square cavity and a channel with wavy boundaries.     

Entropy generation of radiation effect on laminar-mixed convection along a wavy surface

The effects of thermal radiation on laminar-forced and free convection along the wavy surface are studied. The optically thick limit approximation for the radiation flux is assumed. A modified form for the entropy generation equation is derived. The effect of geometry (e.g. flat surface, wavy surface), fluid friction and heat transfer (e.g. convection and radiation effects) are all included in the modified entropy generation form. Prandtl’s transposition theorem is used to stretch the ordinary coordinate system in certain directions. The wavy surface can be transformed into a calculable planar coordinate system. The governing equations are derived from the complete Navier–Stokes equations. A simple transformation is proposed to transform the governing equations into boundary layer equations for solution by the cubic spline collocation method.     

Effects of partial slip on boundary layer flow past a permeable exponential stretching sheet in presence of thermal radiation

An analysis is presented to describe the boundary layer flow and heat transfer towards a porous exponential stretching sheet. Velocity and thermal slips are considered instead of no-slip conditions at the boundary. Thermal radiation term is incorporated in the temperature equation. Similarity transformations are used to convert the partial differential equations corresponding to the momentum and heat equations into highly non-linear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions of these equations are obtained by shooting method. It is found that the fluid velocity and temperature decrease with increasing slip parameter. Temperature is found to decrease with an increase of thermal slip parameter. Thermal radiation enhances the effective thermal diffusivity and the temperature rises.     

计算动力学中的伪弧长方法研究

动力学问题通常采用微分方程来描绘,但由于工程实际问题的复杂性,微分方程模型常伴随着解的不连续性、刚性或激波间断奇异性特点,传统方法很难求解,奇异性问题是计算动力学难点,同时也是国内外学者研究的热点.伪弧长数值算法是针对计算动力学中的奇异性问题所提出的,其基本思想为通过在解曲线上引入伪弧长参数,并增加一个约束方程,在伪弧长参数作用下,使得原始离散单元发生扭曲形变,从而达到消除或减弱奇异性的目的.本文首先介绍伪弧长方法求解定常对流-扩散方程的奇异性问题,并提出针对双曲守恒定律的局部伪弧长算法,其思想在于首先通过间断解的梯度变换来确定强间断所处位置,进而通过局部网格点重构以及数值修正来达到强间断处奇异性消除与降低的目的.针对高维问题,提出全局伪弧长方法,通过对整个计算区域内的网格点进行重构,使得所有网格点向奇异间断点处移动,从而降低间断点的影响域,达到降低奇异性的目的.重点讨论了三维全局伪弧长算法问题的计算难点,即三维空间网格扭曲大变形导致的数值算法不收敛,并提出在算法设计过程中采用分块重构与整体计算相结合的策略,实现了三维空间中的伪弧长数值算法,最后通过数值实验来验证伪弧长算法对于奇异性问题的有效性.