界面裂纹问题中的通用权函数法

热载荷和机械载荷共同作用下复合材料中的裂纹扩展往往发生在界面处.传统求解热冲击及机械载荷共同作用下界面裂纹尖端的应力强度因子的数值方法(如有限元、边界元法等),计算工作量大、效率低.通用权函数与时间无关,运用通用权函数法可以免除对每个时刻的应力分析,计算效率可得到很大提高.本文将通用权函数法推广到求解热载荷和机械载荷共同作用下界面裂纹尖端的应力强度因子过渡过程的问题中,推导出求解平面双材料界面裂纹问题应力强度因子的通用权函数法计算格式.基于此格式,计算热载荷和机械载荷共同作用下界面裂纹尖端的应力强度因子.通过实例计算比较,表明此方法得到的结果可以达到与相互作用积分法相当的工程应用精度.最后,应用此方法研究了热障涂层受热冲击及表面力共同作用时裂纹长度以及涂层厚度对应力强度因子的影响.结果表明:在一定边界条件下,当热障涂层中存在边缘裂纹时,随着涂层厚度的增加,更容易导致裂纹的扩展和涂层的剥落.     

压电双材料界面钝裂纹附近螺型位错的屏蔽效应与发射条件

研究了压电双材料界面钝裂纹附近螺型位错的屏蔽效应与发射条件.应用保角变换技术,得到了复势函数与应力场的封闭形式解,讨论了位错方位、双材料电弹常数及裂纹钝化程度对位错屏蔽效应和发射条件的影响.结果表明,Burgers矢量为正的螺型位错可以降低界面钝裂纹尖端的应力强度因子(屏蔽效应),屏蔽效应随位错方位角及位错与裂纹尖端距...     

有限尺寸下双材料界面附近裂纹位置对裂纹尖端的影响

随着复合材料的应用和发展,不同材料组成的界面结构越来越受到人们的重视。界面层两侧材料的性能相异会引起材料界面端奇异性,同时界面和界面附近存在裂纹会引起裂尖处的应力奇异性。因此双材料界面附近的力学分析是比较复杂的。本文建立双材料直角界面模型,在材料界面附近预设初始裂纹,计算了有限材料尺寸对界面应力场及其附近裂纹应力强度因子的影响。运用弹性力学中的 Goursat 公式求得直角界面端在有限尺寸下的应力场以及其应力强度系数。通过叠加原理和格林函数法进一步得到在直角界面端附近的裂纹尖端应力强度因子。计算结果表明,在适当范围内改变材料内裂纹与界面之间的距离,界面附近裂纹尖端的应力强度因子随着裂纹与界面距离的增加而减少,并且逐渐趋于稳定。分析结果可以为预测双材料结构复合材料界面失效位置提供参考。     

位错偶极子和Ⅲ型界面裂纹的干涉效应

研究了多晶体材料中螺型位错偶极子和界面裂纹的弹性干涉作用.利用复变函数方法,得到了该问题复势函数的封闭形式解答.求出了由位错偶极子诱导的应力场和裂纹尖端应力强度应子,分析了偶极子的方向,偶臂和位置以及材料失配对应力强度因子的影响.推导了作用在螺型位错偶极子中心的像力和力偶矩,并讨论了界面裂纹几何条件和不同材料特征组合对位错偶极子平衡位置的影响规律.结果表明,裂纹尖端的螺型位错偶极子对应力强度因子会产生强烈的屏蔽或反屏蔽效应.同时,界面裂纹对螺型位错偶极子在材料中运动有很强的扰动作用.     

裂纹与薄型夹杂物的互相干涉问题

本文研究裂纹和夹杂互相干涉的弹性力学的平面问题.一对位错和一对集中力的格林函数被分别用以形成裂纹和夹杂.所得积分方程适合于任意相对方位和尺寸的一个裂纹和一个夹杂.文中描述了裂纹尖端附近应力场的奇异性.对夹杂尖端附近应力场的奇异性给了特别的注意,并为夹杂尖端的应力强度因子作了定义.对各种不同的裂纹夹杂几何情况和不同的夹杂刚度作了数值计算.根据这些数值结果——裂尖和夹杂尖端的应力强度因子,分析、讨论了裂纹夹杂的各种几何参数以及夹杂-母体材料刚度比对裂纹-夹杂互相干涉效应的影响.     

应用半权函数法计算界面裂纹的应力强度因子

应用半权函数法求解双材料界面裂纹的应力强度因子，得到以半权函数对参考位移与应力加权积分的形式表示的应力强度因子。针对特征值为复数λ的双材料界面裂纹裂尖应力和位移场，设置与之对应特征值为-λ的位移函数，即半权函数。半权函数的应力函数满足平衡方程，应力应变关系，界面的连续条件以及在裂纹面上面力为0；半权函数与裂纹体的几何尺寸无关，对边界条件没有要求。由功的互等定理得到应力强度因子KⅠ和KⅡ的积分形式表达式。本文计算了多种情况下界面裂纹应力强度因子的算例，与文献结果符合得很好。由于裂尖应力的振荡奇异性已经在积分中避免，只需考虑绕裂尖远场的任意路径上位移和应力，即使采用该路径上较粗糙的参考解也可以得到较精确的结果。     

基于权函数法的核主泵飞轮应力强度因子研究

采用权函数法确定了含裂纹飞轮在离心力和接触压力作用下的应力强度因子,计算了在同步转速工况下裂纹尖端应力强度因子的值,并与解析法和有限元法计算结果进行了对比。结果表明:权函数法与解析法的误差在3%以内,与有限元法的误差在1%以内,验证了权函数法计算应力强度因子的准确性高;在结构不变的情况下,权函数法可以快速求解不同载荷条件、不同长度裂纹的应力强度因子。通过控制变量法研究了不同参数对应力强度因子的影响,结果表明,飞轮裂纹尖端总应力强度因子随着裂纹尺寸、旋转转速、飞轮尺寸外径与内径比值的增大而增大。     

穿透夹杂界面的半无限楔形裂纹尖端螺型位错的发射研究

摘要：研究了穿透圆形夹杂界面的半无限楔形裂纹与裂纹尖端螺型位错的干涉问题。应用复变函数解析延拓技术与奇性主部分析方法,得到了位错位于半圆形夹杂内部时,半无限基体和半圆形夹杂内复势函数的解析解。然后利用保角映射技术得到了穿透圆形夹杂界面的半无限楔形裂纹尖端螺型位错产生的应力场以及作用在位错上的位错力的解析表达式。主要讨论了螺型位错对裂纹的屏蔽效应以及从楔形裂纹尖端发射位错的临界载荷条件。研究结果表明正的螺型位错可以削弱楔形裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,屏蔽裂纹的扩展,屏蔽效应随位错方位角的增大而减小。位错发射所需的无穷远临界应力随发射角的增加而增大,最可能的位错发射角度为零度,直线裂纹尖端位错的发射比楔形裂纹尖端位错的发射更容易,硬基体抑制位错的发射。     

两相材料界面裂纹的起裂方向及断裂参量研究

采用FRANC2D软件研究了两相材料含界面裂纹的断裂特性。通过在材料界面利用CASCA手动生成界面裂纹并在裂纹尖端附近设置1/4奇异等参元,得到了界面裂纹的复应力强度因子;数值模拟得到了界面裂纹的起裂方向,并分析了界面裂纹的破坏特征。计算结果表明:1/4奇异等参元很好地描述了裂纹尖端场的1/r(1/2)奇异性,FRANC2D软件能够模拟界面裂纹的扩展方向,可以得到界面裂纹尖端的应力场和复应力强度因子,为界面裂纹的断裂特性的进一步分析提供依据。     

两种各向异性材料界面共线裂纹的反平面问题

本文研究两种各向异性材料界面共线裂纹的反平面剪切问题。利用复变函数方法，提出了一般问题公式和某些实际重要问题的封闭形式解。考察了裂纹尖端附近的应力分布并给出了应力强度因子公式。从本文解签的特殊情形，可以直接导出两种各向同性材料界面裂纹，均匀各向异性材料共线裂纹以及均匀各向同性材料共线裂纹的相应问题公式，其中包括已有的经典结果。     

Some basic problems in anisotropic bimaterials with a viscoelastic interface

This research is devoted to the study of anisotropic bimaterials with Kelvin-type viscoelastic interface under antiplane deformations. First we derive the Green’s function for a bimaterial with a Kelvin-type viscoelastic interface subjected to an antiplane force and a screw dislocation by means of the complex variable method. Explicit expressions are derived for the time-dependent stress field induced by the antiplane force and screw dislocation. Also presented is the time-dependent image force acting on the screw dislocation due to its interaction with the Kelvin-type viscoelastic interface. Second we investigate a rectangular inclusion with uniform antiplane eigenstrains embedded in one of the two bonded anisotropic half-planes by virtue of the derived Green’s function for a line force. The explicit expressions for the time-dependent stress field induced by the rectangular inclusion are obtained in terms of the simple logarithmic and exponential integral functions. It is observed that in general the stresses exhibit the logarithmic singularity at the four corners of the rectangular inclusion. Our results also show that when one side of the rectangular inclusion lies on the viscoelastic interface, the interfacial tractions are still regular at the two corners of the inclusion which are located on the interface. Last we address a finite Griffith crack normal to the viscoelastic interface by means of the obtained Green’s function for a screw dislocation. The crack problem is formulated in terms of a resulting singular integral equation which is solved numerically. The time-dependent stress intensity factors at the two crack tips are obtained and some interesting features are discussed.     

Interfacial dislocation and its applications to interface cracks in anisotropic bimaterials

Interfacial dislocations and cracks in anisotropic bimaterials are considered. The displacement and the stress fields due to an interfacial dislocation are obtained in a real and simple form. Explicit solutions to the traction along the interface and the crack opening displacement for a Griffith interface crack are derived. Possible definitions of stress intensity factors are given which reduce to the classical definition for a crack in a homogeneous medium. It is found that a planar interface between dissimilar anisotropic solids is completely characterized by no more than 9 independent parameters. Some invariant properties of the dislocation and crack solutions under coordinate transformation are also discussed.     

Hypersingular integral equation method for a three-dimensional crack in anisotropic electro-magneto-elastic bimaterials

Using Green’s functions, the extended general displacement solutions of a three-dimensional crack problem in anisotropic electro-magneto-elastic (EME) bimaterials under extended loads are analyzed by the boundary element method. Then, the crack problem is reduced to solving a set of hypersingular integral equations (HIE) coupled with boundary integral equations. The singularity of the extended displacement discontinuities around the crack front terminating at the interface is analyzed by the main-part analysis method of HIE, and the exact analytical solutions of the extended singular stresses and extended stress intensity factors (SIFs) near the crack front in anisotropic EME bimaterials are given. Also, the numerical method of the HIE for a rectangular crack subjected to extended loads is put forward with the extended crack opening dislocation approximated by the product of basic density functions and polynomials. At last, numerical solutions of the extended SIFs of some examples are obtained.     

Arbitrarily oriented crack near interface in piezoelectric bimaterials

Arbitrarily oriented crack near interface in piezoelectric bimaterials is considered. After deriving the fundamental solution for an edge dislocation near the interface, the present problem can be expressed as a system of singular integral equations by modeling the crack as continuously distributed edge dislocations. In the paper, the dislocations are described by a density function defined on the crack line. By solving the singular integral equations numerically, the dislocation density function is determined. Then, the stress intensity factors (SIFs) and the electric displacement intensity factor (EDIF) at the crack tips are evaluated. Subsequently, the influences of the interface on crack tip SIFs, EDIF, and the mechanical strain energy release rate (MSERR) are investigated. The J-integral analysis in piezoelectric bimaterals is also performed. It is found that the path-independent of J₁-integral and the path-dependent of J₂-integral found in no-piezoelectric bimaterials are still valid in piezoelectric bimaterials.     

Thermoelectroelastic Green's function and its application for bimaterial of piezoelectric materials

Summary For a two-dimensional piezoelectric plate, the thermoelectroelastic Green's functions for bimaterials subjected to a temperature discontinuity are presented by way of Stroh formalism. The study shows that the thermoelectroelastic Green's functions for bimaterials are composed of a particular solution and a corrective solution. All the solutions have their singularities, located at the point applied by the dislocation, as well as some image singularities, located at both the lower and the upper half-plane. Using the proposed thermoelectroelastic Green's functions, the problem of a crack of arbitrary orientation near a bimaterial interface between dissimilar thermopiezoelectric material is analysed, and a system of singular integral equations for the unknown temperature discontinuity, defined on the crack faces, is obtained. The stress and electric displacement (SED) intensity factors and strain energy density factor can be, then, evaluated by a numerical solution at the singular integral equations. As a consequence, the direction of crack growth can be estimated by way of strain energy density theory. Numerical results for the fracture angle are obtained to illustrate the application of the proposed formulation. Received 10 November 1997; accepted for publication 3 February 1998     

垂直磁压电材料界面三维裂纹的超奇异积分法

应用有限部积分概念和广义位移基本解，垂直于磁压电双材料界面三维复合型裂纹问题被转 化为求解一组以裂纹表面广义位移间断为未知函数的超奇异积分方程问题. 进而，通过主部 分析法精确地求得裂纹尖端光滑点附近的奇性应力场解析表达式. 然后，通过将裂纹表面 位移间断未知函数表达为位移间断基本密度函数与多项式之积，使用有限部积分法对超奇异 积分方程组建立了数值方法. 最后，通过典型算例计算，讨论了广义应力强度因子的变化规 律.     

Green’s function of bimaterials comprising all cases of material degeneracy

For bimaterials with planar interfaces subjected to a line force and dislocation, Green’s functions are determined for all types of anisotropic materials including the nondegenerate, degenerate and extra-degenerate cases. The changes in Green’s function caused by material degeneracy are twofold: (i) implicit changes, attributable to material effects only and characterized by high-order eigenvectors and their intrinsic coupling in the higher-order eigensolutions; (ii) explicit changes, influenced by boundary and interface conditions, that cause additional terms in Green’s function. Material degeneracy affects the angular variation of the singular stress field, which may have significant implication on the failure prediction of strongly anisotropic materials. For all material types, Green’s functions are obtained for bimaterials with a planar interface, and for multi-material wedges subjected to a line force and dislocation at the vertex. The results are expressed in a concise notation in terms of the complete set of eigenvectors and kernel matrices of analytic functions.     

Green's functions for anisotropic piezoelectric bimaterials with a slipping interface

An explicit full-field expression of the Green's functions for anisotropic piezoelectric bimaterials with a slipping interface is derived. When the electro-elastic singularity reduces to a pure dislocation in displacement and electric potential, interaction energy between the dislocation and the bimaterials is obtained explicitly while the generalized force on the dislocation is given in a real form which is also valid for degenerate materials. The investigation demonstrates that the boundary conditions at the slipping interface between two piezoelectric materials will exert a prominent influence on the mobility of the dislocation. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59635140).     

基体裂纹与界面刚性线的弹性干涉

研究两种材料界面上的刚性线与其它任意位置处直线裂纹弹性干涉的反平面问题。基于界面上刚性线与任意位置处螺型位错干涉的基本解,运用连续位错密度模型法将问题转化为奇异积分方程。用半开型积分法求解奇异积分方程,得到位错密度函数的离散值,计算裂纹尖端处的应力强度因子。算例说明该方法可用于工程实际问题。     

Line-integral representations for the elastic displacements,stresses and interaction energy of arbitrary dislocation loops in transversely isotropic bimaterials

The elastic displacements, stresses and interaction energy of arbitrarily shaped dislocation loops with general Burgers vectors in transversely isotropic bimaterials (i.e. joined half-spaces) are expressed in terms of simple line integrals for the first time. These expressions are very similar to their isotropic full-space counterparts in the literature and can be easily incorporated into three-dimensional (3D) dislocation dynamics (DD) simulations for hexagonal crystals with interfaces/surfaces. All possible degenerate cases, e.g. isotropic bimaterials and isotropic half-space, are considered in detail. The singularities intrinsic to the classical continuum theory of dislocations are removed by spreading the Burgers vector anisotropically around every point on the dislocation line according to three particular spreading functions. This non-singular treatment guarantees the equivalence among different versions of the energy formulae and their consistency with the stress formula presented in this paper. Several numerical examples are provided as verification of the derived dislocation solutions, which further show significant influence of material anisotropy and bimaterial interface on the elastic fields and interaction energy of dislocation loops.