过载作用下聚乙烯疲劳裂纹扩展行为研究

论文针对中密度聚乙烯材料(MDPE)，采用平板试样进行了I型疲劳裂纹扩展和单次过载下裂纹扩展试验．发现与金属材料类似，单次拉伸过载对聚乙烯(PE)的疲劳裂纹扩展有明显的迟滞作用，降低了裂纹扩展速率．试验还通过变载荷刻线法获取疲劳裂纹扩展前缘的实际形貌和变化规律，对常规变载荷刻线方法进行了调整和验证，其修正方法对高分子材料的疲劳裂纹扩展前缘刻线具有较好的效果．通过观察发现含楔形塑性区的裂尖钝化是裂纹迟滞的主要原因．过载引入的塑性区内残余应力对裂纹迟滞也起了重要作用．论文利用Dugdale模型计算了塑性区尺寸，使用基于残余应力的Wheeler模型对过载迟滞进行了很好的拟合．     

面外剪切情况下矩形排列的双周期裂纹

本文得到了面外剪切情况下矩形排列的双周期裂纹的分析解,求得了应力强度因子的表达式.利用Dugdale模型,得到了裂纹端部塑性区长度的分析公式.文中还比较详细地讨论了位移单值性条件.     

含裂绞加劲板在轴向载荷作用下的弹塑性分析

本文应用Dugdale模型实现了含裂纹加劲板在轴向载荷作用下的弹塑性分析,结果与应用Dugdale塑性特性的有限元解十分符合,两者误差在3％以内。     

聚碳酸酯板裂纹顶端的弹塑性研究

本文研究了聚碳酸酯板的延性断裂特征;提出了修正的强化Dugdale条带屈服模型,并用实验-数值计算混合法确定了强化弹塑性材料裂纹顶端附近的应力场参数.实验测定结果与理论等色线,计算的裂纹前沿塑性区长度相符合.由此,验证了所提出的修正强化Dugdale条带屈服模型的合理性.     

压缩载荷作用下岩石的细观损伤和塑性研究

建立岩石微裂纹扩展的细观力学模型,研究了岩石的细观损伤和塑性性质.压缩载荷下微裂纹尖端翼裂纹稳定扩展表征岩石的细观损伤,采用应变能密度准则求解复合型断裂的翼裂纹扩展长度,微裂隙统计的二参数Weibull函数模型反映绝对体积应变对微裂纹分布数目影响,进而用翼裂纹扩展所表征的应力释放体积和微裂纹数目来表示含有微裂隙的岩石损伤演化变量;宏观塑性屈服函数采用Voyiadjis等的等效塑性应变的硬化函数,反映了塑性内变量对硬化函数的影响;建立岩石模型的本构关系及其数值算法,并用回映隐式积分算法编制了模型的本构程序.分析弹塑性损伤模型的围压对岩石损伤的影响,并从围压和短微裂隙长度等因素分析模型的岩石的损伤和宏观塑性特性.     

一个综合模糊裂纹和损伤的混凝土应变软化本构模型

本文研究就变软化材料的本构关系，提出了一个考虑损伤的粘塑性模型，损伤不仅影响材料的临界应力，而且影响材料的粘塑性，为模拟材料的应变软化行为，假设受损混凝土的破坏局部区域由模糊裂纹和损伤所统治，软化模量和局部区域尺度参量依赖于模糊裂纹扩展时释放的断裂能的参变量，用文中提出的模型计算了混凝土单轴压缩时不同应变速率下的瞬时应力应变响应以及等应力长期作用下的徐变，均得到很的结果。     

考虑微裂纹相互作用的的岩石微观力学弹塑性损伤模型研究

本文建立基于微裂纹扩展的岩石弹塑性损伤微观力学模型。用自洽方法考虑裂隙间相互影响,压缩载荷下微裂纹尖端翼裂纹稳定扩展表征岩石的微观损伤,基于应变能密度准则用Newton迭代法求复合型断裂的翼裂纹扩展长度,并采用微裂隙统计的二参数Weibull函数模型反映绝对体积应变对微裂纹分布数目影响,进而用翼裂纹扩展所表征的应力释放体积和微裂纹数目来表示含有微裂隙的岩石损伤演化变量;宏观塑性屈服函数采用Voyiadjis等的等效塑性应变的硬化函数,反映塑性内变量对硬化函数的影响;建立岩石的弹塑性损伤本构关系及其数值算法,并用回映隐式积分算法编制了弹塑性损伤模型的程序。从围压和微裂隙长度等因素分析弹塑性损伤模型的岩石的损伤和宏观塑性特性。     

一种经验型疲劳小裂纹扩展模型

金属材料疲劳寿命由裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展寿命两部分组成，其中对于萌生寿命中的小裂纹分析是精确描述裂纹萌生寿命的关键．而小裂纹在扩展过程中由于尺寸相对较小，导致传统线弹性断裂力学预测方法失效，需要对其进行改进，考虑裂纹尖端塑性区引起的残余压应力对小裂纹扩展速度的影响．本文针对此问题进行了初步分析，通过对塑性区引起的残余应力的量化，结合小裂纹门槛值特性，提出了一种经验型修正的小裂纹扩展模型，用于定量预测裂纹的萌生寿命．使用铝合金6082-T6缺口试样进行了疲劳实验，并与理论结果进行了对比，验证了所提模型的有效性．     

爆生气体作用下岩石裂纹的扩展机理

在爆生气体作用下 ,爆破近区的裂纹在气体驱动压力下扩展 ,而爆破中区的裂纹扩展是在气体膨胀压力场和原岩应力共同作用下发生的。基于岩石细观损伤断裂理论 ,认为裂纹扩展的过程就是裂纹尖端到周围岩石的逐渐损伤引起的损伤区移动过程 ;建立了这两个区域的损伤断裂准则和裂纹尖端的损伤局部化模型 ,可以更好地反映爆生气体作用下裂纹扩展的实际过程。     

裂纹尖端疲劳塑性区研究

循环塑性区大小是疲劳断裂研究中非常重要的一个参数.本文运用数值方法,考察了不同塑性本构模型、有限单元尺寸、几何非线性、载荷比等参数对于裂纹尖端疲劳塑性区大小的影响.结果发现除塑性本构模型外其他参数对于裂纹尖端疲劳塑性区大小影响不大.同时对Ⅰ、Ⅱ型混合裂纹在多轴非比例载荷下给出了由Jiang和Kurath定义的疲劳塑性区...     

圆盘状裂纹前缘塑性区尺寸及张开位移估计

将Ｄｕｇｄａｌｅ模型推广到三维裂纹问题计算了圆盘状裂纹前缘塑性区尺寸,并结合断裂力学中的Ｂａｒｅｎｂｌａｔｔ－Ｄｕｇｄａｌｅ裂纹模型和三维Ｊ－积分原理计算了圆盘状裂纹前缘张开位移,得到了Ｊ－积分与裂纹张开位移的关系,最后用非线性有限元方法对圆盘状裂纹的前缘塑性区尺寸作了数值分析,确定了公式中的未知常数,并对其正确性作了数值验证,本文的工作推广了Ｄｕｇｄａｌｅ模型的应用范围。     

受载高聚物裂尖的损伤和银纹化

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)，对高聚物裂尖银纹损伤的引发和演化过程进行了原位观测．将固态高聚物本体材料视为线黏弹体，裂尖银纹区视为非线性损伤区，通过构造银纹区的损伤演化方程，给出了银纹区应力模型和银纹生长规律，数值结果与已有实验吻合良好。     

Estimate of the Latent Free Energy and Damage at the Tip of an Opening–Mode Crack

A method of estimating the latent elastic energy associated with the microinhomogeneity of the stress and plastic–strain fields inside the plastic zone localized near the tip of an opening–mode crack (Dugdale zone) under conditions of plane stresses is proposed. The microinhomogeneity of plastic flow upon small strain hardening is taken into account only in the form of considerable distortion of the geometry of the free surfaces of the plastic zone. The damage that developes because of release of the latent free energy is estimated depending on the magnitude of the crack opening.     

A phenomenological model of fatigue crack growth in perfectly plastic infinite plates under completely reversed uniaxial loading

The fatigue failure of a thin infinite center-cracked plate under completely reversed uniaxial loading is considered. A two-stage fatigue crack model including the incubation and crack propagation stages is constructed. The stress distribution in the vicinity of the crack tip is described using the concept of a conventional elastic crack. The crack-tip plastic zone is simulated by a Dugdale thin plastic zone, and the condition for the movement of the failure front is given by criteria of damage mechanics. It is shown that the fatigue crack growth rate in perfectly plastic materials with a plastic zone of constant length is a power-law function of the stress intensity factor range. This relationship is quadratic when the length of the plastic zone is not constant Published in Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 12, pp. 116–127, December 2005.     

Intergranular strain evolution near fatigue crack tips in polycrystalline metals

The deformation field near a steady fatigue crack includes a plastic zone in front of the crack tip and a plastic wake behind it, and the magnitude, distribution, and history of the residual strain along the crack path depend on the stress multiaxiality, material properties, and history of stress intensity factor and crack growth rate. An in situ, full-field, non-destructive measurement of lattice strain (which relies on the intergranular interactions of the inhomogeneous deformation fields in neighboring grains) by neutron diffraction techniques has been performed for the fatigue test of a Ni-based superalloy compact tension specimen. These microscopic grain level measurements provided unprecedented information on the fatigue growth mechanisms. A two-scale model is developed to predict the lattice strain evolution near fatigue crack tips in polycrystalline materials. An irreversible, hysteretic cohesive interface model is adopted to simulate a steady fatigue crack, which allows us to generate the stress/strain distribution and history near the fatigue crack tip. The continuum deformation history is used as inputs for the micromechanical analysis of lattice strain evolution using the slip-based crystal plasticity model, thus making a mechanistic connection between macro- and micro-strains. Predictions from perfect grain-boundary simulations exhibit the same lattice strain distributions as in neutron diffraction measurements, except for discrepancies near the crack tip within about one-tenth of the plastic zone size. By considering the intergranular damage, which leads to vanishing intergranular strains as damage proceeds, we find a significantly improved agreement between predicted and measured lattice strains inside the fatigue process zone. Consequently, the intergranular damage near fatigue crack tip is concluded to be responsible for fatigue crack growth.     

两种正交异性材料界面上裂纹冲击后的动态响应

本文研究了两种不同正交异性材料界面半无限长裂纹，在冲击荷载下的动态弹塑性响应。通过积分变换，Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ－Ｈｏｐｆ方法和Ｃａｇｎｉａｒｄ－ｄｅＨｏｏｐ反演围通技术，求得一般解析解，获得了该裂纹的动应力强度因子；通过采用Ｄｕｇｄａｌｅ模型，建立了裂纹尖端塑性区延伸速度与裂纹扩展速度的关系，以及动态ＣＯＤ与裂纹扩展速度的关系。     

单向拉伸界面裂纹的条形损伤－塑性区域模型

本文提出单向拉伸情况下两相介质界面裂纹的条形损伤－塑性区域模型。假设在塑性区端点的应力有界，且使弱相介质达到屈服，损伤区的尺寸和δ＝成正比的条件；可确定损伤区与塑性区的长度及其上的法向和切向接合力，ＣＴＯＤ值等。由此导出的裂尖应力场无ｒ￣（－１／２＋ｊｅ）的强奇异振荡，位移场无ｒ￣（１／２＋ｉｅ）的振荡项。     

On the elastic-plastic deformation of a sheet containing an edge crack

The solution of the planar tension and bending of an edge-cracked sheet of elastic-plastic material is given when the plastic deformation is represented by a Dugdale model. The analysis assumes conditions of generalized plane stress (for which the model of plastic relaxation is often a suitable one), but the usual transformation of elastic constants may be used to obtain the results also for plane-strain conditions. The method of solution involves the use of a Mellin transform and a Weiner-Hopf technique. Computed results for the size of the plastic zone and the opening at the crack tip are presented, and asymptotic results are obtained for small-scale and large-scale yielding. The results suggest that, when the material is constrained to fracture close to its ultimate tensile stress, the extra severity of a surface flaw compared with a corresponding internal crack is significantly greater than that predicted by linear elastic fracture mechanics.     

Limiting state of an elastoplastic orthotropic plate with a periodic system of collinear cracks

A modified Dugdale model is used to study the fracture of an orthotropic elastoplastic plate with a periodic system of rectilinear cracks. The material of the plate obeys a general yield criterion. The general form of solution is obtained in terms of Kolosov-Muskhelishvili potentials. The size of the plastic zone is expressed in terms of the external load and geometrical parameters. The equations for the determination of the stresses in the plastic zone and the crack opening displacement are derived. The effect of anisotropy on the formation of the plastic zones at the crack tip is examined __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 80–88, May 2007.