Large-eddy structures of turbulent swirling flows and methane-air swirling diffusion combustion

Turbulent swirling flows and methane-air swirling diffusion combustion are studied by large-eddy simulation (LES) using a Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid scale turbulence model and a second-order moment (SOM) SGS combustion model, and also by RANS modeling using the Reynolds Stress equation model with the IPCM+wall and IPCM pressure-strain models and SOM combustion model. The LES statistical results for swirling flows give good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the adopted subgrid-scale turbulence model is suitable for swirling flows. The LES instantaneous results show the complex vortex shedding pattern in swirling flows. The initially formed large vortex structures soon break up in swirling flows. The LES statistical results of combustion modeling are near the experimental results and are as good as the RANS-SOM modeling results. The LES results show that the size and range of large vortex structures in swirling combustion are different from those of isothermal swirling flows, and the chemical reaction is intensified by the large-eddy vortex structures. The project supported by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research (G-1999-0222-07). The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

片状随行装药的两相流数值模拟

给出了片状随行装药结构的一维两相流数学物理模型,并对某５７ｍｍ随行装药火炮进行了数值模拟。研究了片状随行装药火炮的膛压、压力波、气固相速度以及空隙率等参量的分布情况。此外,还对比研究了计算结果与实验结果之间的差异。结果表明,该模型的计算骅音符得较好。     

滑移爆轰密封的初步数值模拟

利用有限元方法,通过数值模拟得到爆炸密封铝、铜封管密封所需炸药药量;在此基础上,利用光滑粒子法对爆炸密封模型进行优化,分析炸药、保护外壳等形状等对封管密封性能的影响。基于对计算结果的分析,确定实验模型。实验回收结果和数值模拟结果符合较好,表明数值模拟结果对实验设计有指导作用。     

High-order methods for differential equations with large first-derivative terms

A method is developed to solve elliptic singular perturbation problems. Examples are presented in one and two dimensions for both linear and non-linear problems. In particular, examples are presented for fluid flow problems with boundary layers. In the one-dimensional case an approximating equation is developed using just three points. The method first presented is a fourth-order approximation but is extended to become a higher-order method. Results are included for the fourth-, sixth-, eighth- and tenth-order methods. The results are first compared with results found by Segal in an article about elliptic singular perturbation problems. The elliptic singular perturbation problems are compared with a method by Il'in and also with central and backward difference schemes from Segal's article. There was only one case where the results in Segal's paper were as accurate as the results presented in this paper. However, in this case the method used by Segal did not give accurate values for a second problem presented. The results are also compared with results given by Spalding and by Christie. The method of this paper was also tested on the solution of some non-linear diffusion equations with concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients. The results were superior to results presented by Lee and by Schultz. Finally, the method is extended to several two-dimensional problems. The method developed in this paper is accurate, easy to use and can be generalized to other problems.     

基于组件法的穿心螺栓连接CFST柱节点初始刚度计算

本文基于EC3中的组件法，分析并建立了不同类型穿心螺栓连接CFST柱节点的力学模型，提出了EC3中未涉及的加强角钢的组件模型以及穿心螺栓连接刚度系数计算公式，推导了不同节点的初始刚度计算公式，试验结果和公式结果的对比表明，采用EC3给出的受拉螺栓刚度系数将大大低估穿心螺栓连接CFST柱节点的初始转动刚度，而采用本文所提出的考虑穿心螺栓预紧力的受拉螺栓刚度系数计算公式则与试验结果吻合较好．     

蒙脱土/尼龙6纳米复合材料刚度预测

本文采用交错模型对蒙脱土／尼龙6纳米复合材料的弹性模量进行预测。模型划分为四个区域：以拉伸变形为主的A（蒙脱土片）、B和D区,和同时承受拉伸和剪切两种变形的C区。通过对各区之间合力平衡和变形协调的简单分析,本文得到了封闭形式的蒙脱土／尼龙6纳米复合材料模量预测公式。引用文献[1]中的蒙脱土材料的几何参数和弹性常数,以及纯尼龙6的弹性常数,对纳米复合材料的模量进行预测,预测结果与实验结果基本吻合。有限元法对交错模型的分析证实了理论模型中变形区划分的合理性,同时也发现FEM的预测结果与实验更为接近。     

Effect of porosity and the inlet heat transfer fluid temperature variation on the performance of cool thermal energy storage system

This paper discusses the results of numerical and experimental study of an encapsulated cool thermal energy storage system. The storage system is a cylindrical storage tank filled with phase change material encapsulated in spherical container, placed in a refrigeration loop. A simulation program was developed to evaluate the temperature histories of the heat transfer fluid and the phase change material at any axial location during the charging period. The present analysis aims at studying the influence of the inlet heat transfer fluid temperature and porosity on system performance. An experimental setup was designed and constructed to conduct the experiments. The results of the model were validated by comparison with experimental results of temperature profiles for different inlet heat transfer fluid temperatures and porosity. The results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results reported are much useful for designing cool thermal energy storage systems.     

预扭转钨合金杆弹侵彻钢靶的数值模拟

在实验的基础上 ,对预扭转钨合金长杆弹提出了一个唯象的本构模型和破坏准则 ,并针对预扭转钨合金长杆弹侵彻厚钢靶进行二维有限元计算 ,得到了侵彻过程中的主要物理图象和曲线 ,进而对计算结果进行了分析讨论。计算结果表明 ,侵彻过程中的主要物理数据与实验测量结果基本一致。     

Forced convection with laminar pulsating flow in a tube

The heat transfer model of laminar pulsating flow in a tube in rolling motion is established. The correlations of velocity, temperature and Nusselt number are obtained. The effects of several parameters on Nusselt number are investigated. The theoretical results are consistent with experimental data. Then the results are evaluated with Nield and Kuznetsov’s results. It is found that Nield and Kuznetsov’s results are not applicable for the laminar pulsating flow in nuclear power systems in ocean environments.     

Height of burst explosions: a comparative study of numerical and experimental results

In the current work, we use the Constant Volume model and the numerical method, Regularized Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (RSPH) to study propagation and reflection of blast waves from detonations of the high explosives C-4 and TNT. The results from simulations of free-field TNT explosions are compared to previously published data, and good agreement is found. Measurements from height of burst tests performed by the Norwegian Defence Estates Agency are used to compare against numerical simulations. The results for shock time of arrival and the pressure levels are well represented by the numerical results. The results are also found to be in good agreement with results from a commercially available code. The effect of allowing different ratios of specific heat capacities in the explosive products are studied. We also evaluate the effect of changing the charge shape and height of burst on the triple point trajectory.      

Comparison about parametric effects on wave propagation characteristics

The frequency effects on the velocities and attenuations of the bulk waves in a saturated porous medium are numerically studied in the cases of considering and neglecting the compressibility of solid grain, respectively. The results show that the whole frequency can be divided into three parts, i.e., low frequency band, medium frequency band, and high frequency band, according to the variation curves and the characteristic frequency. The compressibility of the solid grain affects the P₁ wave distinctively, the S wave tiny, and the P₂ wave little. The effects of the porosity and Poisson's ratio on the bulk waves are numerically analyzed. It is found that both the porosity and Poisson's ratio have obvious effects on the bulk waves. Compared with the results in the case of neglecting the porosity-moduli relation, the results in the case of considering the porosity-moduli relation are more reasonable. The results in the case of considering the porosity-moduli relation can be degenerated into the results of elastic solid and pure fluid, while the results in the case of neglecting the porosity-moduli relation cannot be degenerated into the results of elastic solid and pure fluid. Therefore, the porosity-moduli relation must be considered in the parametric study for a certain porous medium.     

钢-混凝土组合箱梁梁段有限元法研究

组合梁界面滑移将减小组合梁刚度,增大变形,影响构件性能;剪应力沿截面横向分布不均匀,造成其弯曲正应力的横向分布呈曲线形状,即剪力滞效应;同时组合梁往往重载,具有较小的跨高比,剪切变形不可忽略.根据虚功原理,建立了同时考虑滑移效应、剪力滞及剪切变形效应的组合梁单元刚度矩阵及等效节点力向量,并在此基础上编制了组合梁梁段有限元程序.利用本文程序对现有组合梁试件的混凝土顶板应力、钢梁底板应力、跨中挠度和梁端滑移进行了计算,并将本文计算结果与解析法计算结果及试验结果进行了比较.结果表明,本文计算结果与解析法计算结果及试验结果吻合良好;同时,本文计算结果具有较好的稳定性,验证了本文计算方法的正确性.本文所建立的梁单元刚度矩阵同时考虑了剪切变形、剪力滞及滑移效应的影响,符合工程实际,为有限梁段法分析组合箱梁提供了理论基础.     

Experimental study of gaseous detonation propagation over acoustically absorbing walls

The paper presents results from an experimental investigation of the propagation of gaseous detonation waves over tube sections lined with acoustically absorbent materials. The measurements were compared with results from control tests in a smooth wall section. The results show the increasing effectiveness of a perforated steel plate, wire mesh and steel wool in attenuating detonation. Received 25 October 2000 / Accepted 20 August 2001     

Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Convective Cavity Flow

The large eddy simulation model with Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model was applied to two-dimensional turbulent convective cavity flow. The Reynolds number is lying from 1×10⁴ to 4×10⁵ and Archimedes number from 0 to 0.4. The simulation results were compared with the k?? model results and experimental results wherever possible. Flow results were in good agreement with experimental data across the mid-planes. Effects of Smagorinsky constant and grid resolution were investigated.     

悬索非线性动力学中的直接法与离散法

以悬索为例对结构非线性动力学中直接法与离散法的应用进行了研究. 针对悬索面内运动的第$n$阶模态的主共振，分别利用这两种方法对悬索的非线性响应进行求解，得到悬索非线性响应的二次近似解以及相应的幅频响应曲线，并比较和讨论了这两种方法得到的结果及其差异. 通过分析得知：离散法在用于非对称结构非线性动力学的求解时可能导致错误的结果.     

一个解剖基人本下肢的生物动力模型：第二部分：数值结果

表述人体下肢生物动力模型的数值技术,数值结果并将其与献进行比较,模型显示：当人体下肢小腿受冲击外载荷作用时,在膝关节处所产生的４个主要韧带张力以及膝关节处的咬合接触力,在大腿固定不动（或运动受到约束）的情况下,要远大于大腿未受约束的情况下,要远大于大腿未受约束的情形,这与医学常识是吻合的。     

飞机撞击混凝土结构的动力学分析

基于已有的飞机撞击混凝土结构的实验数据,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,选用可模拟冲击作用下混凝土性能的4种不同材料模型,在同一接触算法、同一失效准则下,进行飞机撞击混凝土结构的数值模拟与动力学分析,探讨了4种混凝土材料模型在模拟飞机撞击下混凝土结构破坏效应的能力。结果表明:4种混凝土材料模型均能模拟飞机撞击混凝土结构的穿入、散裂、碎甲等局部破坏效应,但在考虑正、背面破坏面积及剩余速度等因素时,MAT072R3和MAT084材料模型的计算结果与实验结果较接近,MAT111材料模型次之,MAT159材料模型有较大的差异。本文的研究结果可为后续评估混凝土结构安全壳抵抗飞机撞击能力时提供基础参数。     

基于多模型的参数空间预测推断

当建立多个模型对工程结构进行数值仿真时,为了得到更可靠的预测结果,需要综合考虑模型选择不确定性和模型形式不确定性对预测结果的影响. 联合贝叶斯方法与实验数据计算不同模型的可信度,采用调节因子方法传播模型选择不确定性得到系统响应置信区间,并叠加模型形式不确定性的影响获得综合模型计算结果的置信区间,再通过插值得到关心量在预测点的置信区间. 最后通过某飞行器气动力系数的预测推断检验了该方法的可行性.     

生物激波管及动物耐受性的实验研究

在冲击伤研究中,必须针对两种试验方式分别对致伤机理、耐受性和机体瞬时动力学响应等进行研究。只有这样才能得到近真实的研究结果。文中介绍了能够模拟爆炸波波形因素和满足动物冲击伤实验研究物理参数要求的BST-Ⅰ型生物激波管。它是国内第一台用于生物实验的激波管。文中有应用该管开口和端板的两种实验方式,选用51只成年雄性杂种狗作耐受性实验观察。对实验结果作了分析。