随机风场下高层结构振动隔震与TMD混合控制研究

针对风荷载作用下高层建筑结构振动控制问题,基于建筑隔震和调谐质量阻尼器振动控制原理,利用ANSYS软件分别建立高层结构带隔震层和带调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)的单一控制策略以及两者相结合的混合振动控制策略。根据Davenport脉动风速谱,采用自回归模型(AutoRegressive,AR)法,考虑竖向相关性、平稳的多变量随机过程以及它的互谱密度矩阵模拟生成具有随机性的脉动风速时程曲线和风速谱的功率谱密度,并用于20层钢结构Benchmark结构模型。系统比较三种振动控制策略在顺风向脉动风载作用下的控制效果,结果表明隔震与TMD混合振动控制方法可以有效地抑制结构风振响应,控制效果很好地弥补了单一振动控制的缺陷。本文方法可应用于大尺度高层结构振动控制中,实现高层建筑结构风振响应的可靠控制。     

轴向时滞反馈控制下悬索非线性响应分析

采用轴向时滞反馈控制策略对悬索进行振动控制。根据Hamilton原理建立悬索的非线性振动控制方程,运用多尺度法得到时滞反馈作用下悬索第一阶正对称模态主共振响应近似解,得出系统响应与控制参数的关系。结果表明,主共振的响应存在多解和跳跃现象,调节控制增益和时滞值,可以避免共振区,有效抑制大幅振动。     

考虑风-结构-土耦合作用时高层建筑顺风向风振响应分析

本文综合考虑了风-结构-土的耦合作用对高层建筑顺风向风振响应的影响，研究了在各种参数下高层建筑风振响应的特性。由于在风-结构-土耦合作用问题的整个体系的控制方程中，既有时域中的耦合关系，又有频域中的耦合关系，本文提出采用傅立叶变换-时频迭代法来进行求解，较好地解决了用普通的方法难以解决的问题。最后采用数值计算的方法比较了考虑风-结构-土的耦合作用和仅考虑土-结构相互作用以及刚性基础的结构位移响应及加速度响应。     

温度变化对悬索模态耦合共振特性影响

悬索是一种典型的大跨度低阻尼柔性系统，其包含平方和立方非线性特征，从而呈现出各种非线性动力学行为，尤其是在不同模态之间发生的耦合共振响应。此外实际工程中悬索受气温、太阳辐射、风等因素影响，周围温度场变化明显，而悬索线性和非线性振动特性对于温度变化较为敏感。本研究以悬索同时发生主共振和3∶1内共振为例，将之前忽略模态耦合的单自由度模型扩展到两自由度模型，并利用多尺度法求得系统直角坐标下的平均方程。基于所绘制的系统各类响应曲线，对温度变化下悬索模态耦合振动特性开展详细论述。数值算例结果表明：温度下降(上升)时，Irvine参数更大(更小)的悬索容易发生3∶1内共振；在内共振的区间，低阶模态响应幅值受温度变化的影响大于高阶模态的响应幅值；霍普夫分岔对于温度变化的敏感程度要高于鞍结点分岔；在耦合共振区间，系统周期运动对温度变化较为敏感，温度变化有可能导致系统的周期运动变为非周期。     

地震作用下高层建筑结构的分散神经网络振动控制研究

针对地震作用下高层建筑振动神经网络控制问题,将神经网络理论与分散控制理论相结合,提出分散神经网络振动控制方案,并应用于高层结构地震反应振动控制中。利用多层前馈神经网络建立结构模型,预测结构的振动响应。基于NARMA-L2的神经自校正控制系统设计BP神经网络控制器,研究分散神经网络振动控制效果,并与神经网络集中控制进行比较。对某20层Benchmark结构模型进行数值模拟分析,结果表明,本文提出的分散神经网络振动控制方法简化了神经网络的结构,可有效控制结构振动和消除时滞;同时,相对于集中控制的单一失效,本文方法的可靠性更强且可以保证振动控制系统的实时响应。     

大型冷却塔的风致振动响应数值分析

风荷载是大型冷却塔建筑设计的主要荷载之一,通过风振时域分析可以全面地了解塔身的风振响应特性。本文探讨了采用线性滤波法中的自回归模型(auto-regressive,AR)模拟大型冷却塔风致振动响应的数值方法。首先根据AR模型,基于随机模拟方法,计算冷却塔表面不同高度的随机脉动风压。通过将随机脉动风压和平均风压作为冷却塔表面的外载,采用有限元分析软件计算某冷却塔的风致振动响应。结果表明,基于随机脉动风荷载模拟的数值计算方法,能正确反映冷却塔塔身的风振响应。该方法特别适用于冷却塔高度超出规范要求的情况下,评估冷却塔的风振响应。     

悬索非线性动力学中的直接法与离散法

以悬索为例对结构非线性动力学中直接法与离散法的应用进行了研究. 针对悬索面内运动的第$n$阶模态的主共振，分别利用这两种方法对悬索的非线性响应进行求解，得到悬索非线性响应的二次近似解以及相应的幅频响应曲线，并比较和讨论了这两种方法得到的结果及其差异. 通过分析得知：离散法在用于非对称结构非线性动力学的求解时可能导致错误的结果.     

考虑局部非线性结构振动的模型预测控制

针对具有局部非线性的结构振动主动控制问题,首先,利用Newmark-β法推导了局部非线性结构动力响应的时域显式递推表达式。然后,基于该表达式,一方面建立了局部非线性结构振动预测模型,并借鉴模型的线性化思想对非线性环节进行处理,提出考虑局部非线性结构振动的模型预测控制算法;另一方面,在获取各仿真时刻的预测初始状态时,为避免直接对非线性动力学方程所有维度的完全迭代求解,推导了时域显式降维迭代方法,从而使在线计算效率得到显著提高。最后,分别以局部非线性弹簧振子系统在简谐激励作用下的无控动力学分析和含粘滞阻尼器毗邻框架建筑结构在地震激励作用下的受控振动为例,进行数值仿真,结果表明,本文算法计算准确且控制效果较好。     

基于路径积分法的悬索非线性随机振动响应分析

随机荷载激励下悬索过大的动力响应将影响其正常使用与安全,对其响应概率密度函数的求解与分析是评估悬索随机动力响应的重要途径之一。针对悬索在高斯白噪声激励下的随机振动模态响应,利用基于Gauss-Legendre积分和短时高斯转移概率密度假定的路径积分法,研究了模态振动响应的概率密度函数的平稳数值解与非平稳数值解,并进一步开展了参数研究,揭示了不同参数影响下概率密度函数的分布规律。将路径积分法所得的平稳解和非平稳解,分别与FPK方程的精确平稳解、等效线性化法所得平稳解及蒙特卡罗模拟非平稳解进行对比,结果表明,路径积分法所得的概率密度函数解分别与精确平稳解及蒙特卡罗模拟非平稳解符合良好。对于平稳响应,由于位移二次非线性项的存在,位移概率密度函数分布呈非对称分布形式,但速度概率密度函数并不受其影响,仍服从对称分布;非平稳响应概率密度函数初始时刻峰值较大,且在初始阶段峰值是随着时间不断变化的,波动较明显,随着时间推移逐渐平稳。研究结果对于悬索非平稳响应研究具有重要的工程意义。     

高速铁路连续梁桥的共振响应与振动控制研究

以液体粘滞阻尼器为振动控制外部装置，主桥采用欧拉伯努利梁，通过中国和谐号动车组CRH380AL、日本新干线Shinkansen700和欧洲高速列车HSLMA8三种不同类型的高速列车对比，模拟分析了高速列车作用下桥梁结构共振响应的影响因素，以及粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数与安装位置对桥梁结构振动响应的减振效果。研究结果表明，（1）合理有效地布置列车荷载轴距，可使桥梁结构发生基频共振的列车时速在运营时速之外，避免了桥梁结构发生较大振动峰值响应，即桥梁结构的基频共振；（2）随着粘滞阻尼器阻尼系数的增大，桥梁的加速度峰值在列车不同时速下均在减少，对桥梁振动有着不同程度的减振效果；（3）通过合理安置液体粘滞阻尼器，可有效降低高速列车作用下桥梁结构的共振响应；（4）随着粘滞阻尼器与主梁的连接点位置逐渐远离支座，粘滞阻尼器的减振效果逐渐明显；（5）随着粘滞阻尼器与桥台的连接点位置逐渐靠近支座，粘滞阻尼器的减振效果略有提升，但不明显。     

大射电望远镜馈源舱的风激振动及其MTMD减振设计研究

采用修正的Davenport风谱来模拟风荷 ,分析了FAST (Five -hundred -meterApertureSphericalTelescope)大射电望远镜馈源舱在该风荷作用下的振动 ,并根据分析和计算的结果设计了多频调谐质量阻尼器 (MultipleTunedMassDampers) ,计算结果表明 ,这种动力吸振阻尼器可以有效地减少馈源舱的振动     

单层平面索网幕墙结构的几何非线性问题研究

单层平面索网支承式玻璃幕墙结构是近年来在国内外应用较为广泛的一种新型幕墙结构形式,由于单层平面索网不具有负高斯曲面形式,结构在平面外方向的刚度偏柔,表现出较明显的几何非线性特征.本文采用连续化方法建立了单层平面索网结构考虑几何非线性影响的静力平衡方程和振动方程,得到了结构刚度的解析表达式,并采用谐波平衡法求得非线性频率的简化解析表达式,以此为基础研究了单层平面索网结构的静力非线性和动力非线性问题.研究结果表明:结构的非线性和结构的初始位置密切相关;结构的非线性频率主要取决于索的初始应变、结构振动幅值与跨度的比值,几何非线性对于结构动力性能的影响要小于对结构静力性能的影响;本文得到的结构在地震荷载和平均风荷载作用下的非线性振动方程和非线性频率为结构在地震荷载和脉动风荷载作用下动力响应的求解奠定了基础.     

A unified approach to aerodynamic damping and drag/lift instabilities,and its application to dry inclined cable galloping

Inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges often experience large amplitude vibrations. One of the potential excitation mechanisms is dry inclined cable galloping, which has been observed in wind tunnel tests but which has not previously been fully explained theoretically. In this paper, a general expression is derived for the quasi-steady aerodynamic damping (positive or negative) of a cylinder of arbitrary cross-section yawed/inclined to the flow, for small amplitude vibrations in any plane. The expression covers the special cases of conventional quasi-steady aerodynamic damping, Den Hartog galloping and the drag crisis, as well as dry inclined cable galloping. A nondimensional aerodynamic damping parameter governing this behaviour is proposed, which is a function of only the Reynolds number, the angle between the wind velocity and the cable axis, and the orientation of the vibration plane. Measured static force coefficients from wind tunnel tests have been used with the theoretical expression to predict values of this parameter. Two main areas of instability (i.e. negative aerodynamic damping) have been identified, both in the critical Reynolds number region, one of which was previously observed in separate wind tunnel tests on a dynamic cable model. The minimum values of structural damping required to prevent dry inclined cable galloping are defined, and other factors in the behaviour in practice are discussed.     

Study on the role of rivulet in rain–wind-induced cable vibration through wind tunnel testing

Rain–wind-induced vibration (RWIV) of stay cables has become a concern in bridge engineering over the past decades. The excitation mechanism of RWIV remains unclear. Many researchers believe that the upper rivulet is crucial to RWIV. However, experimental study on rivulet is challenging and limited. The current study designs and tests a cable model of 160 mm in diameter in an open jet wind tunnel. The upper rivulet movement and cable vibration are simultaneously measured. The importance of the upper rivulet in RWIV is directly demonstrated by alternately controlling the upper and lower rivulets. The characteristics of the upper rivulet movement and the effects of this movement on RWIV are investigated in detail. The experiment shows that the rivulet–cable system is coupled, which causes the cable and upper rivulet to vibrate at different amplitudes under the same wind speed. The upper rivulet harmonic movement changes the wind loading on the cable, causing the harmonic vibration of the cable, which in turn exerts a harmonic inertia force on the rivulet. A large vibration of the coupled system then develops.     

大型射电望远镜悬挂馈源的风振模拟

基于随机过程理论和数值模拟方法 ,提出了利用 MATL AB软件模拟生成随机风荷的一种新途径。分析了 5 0 0 m口径大型射电望远镜 ( FAST)悬挂馈源结构在随机风荷下的非线性动力响应 ,为设计馈源稳定平台的运动控制范围提供了依据。     

Aeroelastic analysis of large horizontal wind turbine baldes

A nonlinear aeroelastic analysis method for large horizontal wind turbines is described. A vortex wake method and a nonlinear finite element method (FEM) are coupled in the approach. The vortex wake method is used to predict wind turbine aerodynamic loads of a wind turbine, and a three-dimensional (3D) shell model is built for the rotor. Average aerodynamic forces along the azimuth are applied to the structural model, and the nonlinear static aeroelastic behaviors are computed. The wind rotor modes are obtained at the static aeroelastic status by linearizing the coupled equations. The static aeroelastic performance and dynamic aeroelastic responses are calculated for the NH1500 wind turbine. The results show that structural geometrical nonlinearities significantly reduce displacements and vibration amplitudes of the wind turbine blades. Therefore, structural geometrical nonlinearities cannot be neglected both in the static aeroelastic analysis and dynamic aeroelastic analysis.     

Theoretical and experimental studies on the aerodynamic instability of a two-dimensional circular cylinder with a moving attachment

Rain–wind induced vibration of cables in cable-stayed bridges is a worldwide problem of great concern. The effect of the motion of water rivulets on the instability of stay cables has been recognized as one of the mechanisms of this complex phenomenon. In order to investigate how the motion of rivulets affects the unstable vibration of cables without considering the effects of axial flow and axial vortex, a real three-dimensional cable was modeled as a two-dimensional circular cylinder, around which an attachment representing the rivulet can move. This could also be regarded as a new kind of two-dimensional 2-dof dynamic system. This paper studies the aerodynamic instability of the system theoretically and experimentally. Equations governing the motions of the cylinder and the attachment are first established. The Lyapunov stability criterion is applied to the equations of motion to derive the criterion for the unstable balance angle of the attachment. Moreover, a new two-dimensional 2-dof cable model system with a movable attachment is designed and tested in a wind tunnel. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effects of major factors such as wind speed, frequency and damping of the dynamic system on the unstable balance angle of the rivulet attachment. Theoretical and experimental results match well. These results may be valuable in elucidating the mechanism of rain–wind induced vibration of stay cables.     

FREQUENCY DOMAIN CALCULATION METHOD FOR WIND-INDUCED RESPONSE OF MONOLAYER CABLE NET

以随机振动理论为基础,采用频域法对单层索网结构风振响应进行了研究,主要探讨不同计算方法和空间相干函数的选取等问题对索网结构风振响应的影响. 依据不同的计算方法和空间相干函数,建立了3 种分析模式进行了分析. 分析结果表明：对于频率密集的索网结构,需要考虑模态交叉项对计算结果的影响;空间相干函数的选取对计算结果影响较大,采用与风频率相干的空间相干函数更为合理.     

斜拉桥三维拉索风雨激振准两自由度模型

拉索风雨激振是当前桥梁工程和风工程界非常关注的研究课题。过去用于测量带人工水线的拉索模型都是二维的，所建立的理论模型也是建立在二维拉索气动力的基础上的。本文基于带人工水线三维拉索模型试验得到的气动力，建立了三维拉索风雨激振的准二自由度运动微分方程，讨论了运动方程中各种参数的取值，采用数值求解方法计算了拉索风雨激振振幅。计算结果和三维拉索人工降雨试验结果的对比表明，本文方法能较好地描述三维拉索风雨激振的特征。     

Super element approach to cable passing through multiple pulleys

A parametric super element model for cable passing through multiple pulleys is presented in this study for the static analysis of structures. The amounts of cable passages over pulleys are introduced as additional degrees-of-freedoms in the finite element model and the relationship between cable tensions at the two sides of each pulley is imposed based on the friction law or empirical data. The proposed finite element model is firstly verified by a simple pulley cable system and then applied to the analysis of real complex engineering structures. The verification results satisfy the static equilibrium and deformation compatibility conditions of the structural system and basic engineering principles. With the application of the proposed super element model, the global deformation and stress distribution for structures with multiple-pulley cable systems can be effectively and accurately computed. Numerical results for structural analysis show that the effect of friction of pulleys on the cable tensions is significant and the friction-free and fixed models both give unrealistic and incorrect results in cable tensions in some cases.