压弯钢管拱极限承载力计算的等效梁柱法

对抛物线完善的和具有初始几何缺陷的钢管拱,应用双重非线性有限元方法,分析了其在拱顶集中力和非对称分布荷载作用下的失稳特性,提出了以GB50017-2003的轴力-弯矩相关方程为基本计算公式、采用考虑矢跨比因素的稳定系数和缺陷折减系数的等效梁柱法,与双重非线性有限元计算结果比较表明,这种等效梁柱法可方便且较精确地计算抛物线压弯钢管拱的极限承载力.     

哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋极限承载力研究

为了研究哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的力学性能,基于统一强度理论和等效梁柱法,考虑中间主应力和材料拉压比的影响,推导了其极限承载力的新公式。采用梁单元建立哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的有限元模型,对其受力全过程进行双重非线性分析。将理论分析结果和数值计算结果与相关文献的试验结果进行比较,吻合良好,验证了本文理论分析方法和有限元计算方法的正确性。采用有限元方法,对荷载工况、长细比、矢跨比、截面形式和腹腔混凝土等参数的影响特性进行分析,研究结果表明,荷载工况对哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的极限承载力影响显著,荷载越对称、均匀,拱肋的极限承载力越高,竖向变形越小;拱肋的极限承载力随长细比的增大而显著降低,随矢跨比的增大先提高后略有降低;截面形式对拱肋的强度和刚度均有较大影响,而腹腔混凝土对其强度和刚度几乎没有影响。     

双向受压毂节点抗压承载力特性及计算理论

针对毂节点在双向受压下的受力性能开展非线性有限元分析,在对有限元模型进行实验验证之后,研究了节点尺寸、杆件面内夹角、平面外角度和两方向上施加的不同荷载对节点承载力特性的影响规律。根据节点破坏形态和应力应变分布特点,给出不同状况下的节点失效模式。针对常见的一种失效模式,通过建立计算理论模型,运用虚功原理对节点中毂钢管和端板进行承载力计算。并通过回归分析提出了该失效模式下的节点极限承载力的建议计算公式,建议公式与有限元计算结果之间误差在10%以内,可供毂节点设计时参考。     

正交异性非线性变厚度环形板的分析

讨论了正交异性非线性变厚度混凝土环形板问题.建立了荷载为q(r)及q(r)*sinnθ条件下的环形板平衡条件式,导出了挠度表达的Euler方程.据此获得一组常系数微分方程和它们的特征值,可以求解正交异性非线性变厚度环形板的挠度及内力.     

钢框架-预制再生混凝土结构抗震性能有限元分析

为分析钢框架-预制再生混凝土墙板结构体系在低周反复荷载作用下的抗震性能及其受力机理,在拟静力试验研究的基础上,采用ABAQUS程序展开非线性分析,重点分析并对比了各试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、变形特征,有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。在此基础上,考虑墙板厚度、再生混凝土强度等级、高跨比、轴压比4个影响参数,进行参数扩展分析。研究结果表明:钢框架-预制再生混凝土结构的极限承载力随墙板厚度的增加和再生混凝土强度的提高而增大,墙厚从80mm增加到110mm时,结构极限承载力提高了12.8%;再生混凝土强度从C25增加至C40时,结构极限承载力增加了9.0%;随着高跨比的增加,结构的初始刚度和极限承载力都显著减小,高跨比从1.048增加到1.238时,极限承载力降低了17.37%;而钢柱轴压比变化对结构的初始刚度和极限承载力影响不显著。研究结果可为钢框架-预制再生混凝土墙板结构体系的进一步研究及其工程应用提供一定的参考依据。     

机械荷载与热荷载共同作用下变厚度梁的热弹性力学解

本文研究了两端简支变厚度梁受机械荷载与热荷载共同作用下的热弹性力学解.温度场用调和级数展开,通过求解热传导方程可首先确定温度沿梁厚度方向的非线性分布情况.从二维热弹性力学理论的基本方程出发,导出满足控制微分方程和两端简支边界条件的位移函数的一般解,对上下表面的边界方程作傅立叶正弦级数展开确定待定系数,数值结果与商业有限元软件ANSYS进行了比较,显示出很高的精度.本文方法可直接应用于对应力和位移分析要求较高的工程问题,如航空航天和微型机械的设计.     

输电钢管塔环板节点极限承载力的理论研究

以圆环-母线梁模型为基础,运用虚功原理,研究了无环板和四分之一环板节点极限承载力的计算方法,并给出了节点极限承载力的建议公式.通过将其与试验结果、有限元计算结果、日本铁塔协会的送电用钢管铁塔制作基准的计算结果进行对比,证明本文所提出的建议公式得到的结果较日本铁塔协会的送电用钢管铁塔制作基准的计算结果有所提高,并能较好地与试验和有限元计算的结果吻合,与试验结果的误差约为3%.本文可为超高压输电钢管塔节点设计和节点极限承载力确定提供参考.     

钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点的力学性能分析

基于弹塑性有限元理论建立了钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点荷载-位移全过程非线性有限元模型,在单元分析中采用改进的AUL表述推导得到梁柱单元刚度矩阵方程,同时考虑了材料的物理非线性和单元的几何非线性,并编制了非线性有限元程序NLFEACFST。采用该模型对相关研究者和作者进行的节点试验进行了分析,理论计算结果与试验结果比较表明,该模型具有很好的适用性和精度。在理论分析模型得到试验结果验证的基础上,对典型的中柱节点进行了荷载-位移全过程非线性特性分析,并对影响节点承载力和荷载-位移骨架曲线的因素进行了参数分析,为进一步从理论研究钢管混凝土框架结构的力学性能创造了条件。     

轴对称压电圆板的非线性动力响应

基于Von Karman板理论和压电材料力学,考虑横向剪切变形,建立了轴对称压电圆板的非线性运动方程,提出了相应的力学与电学边界条件.求解时,首先应用Galerkin方法,将非线性偏微分运动方程转化为仅含时间变量的非线性常微分方程.然后,应用Newmark-β方法将时间函数离散,整个问题应用Newtoni迭代法求解.算例中,求得了压电圆板线性振动基频,验证了方程和求解方法的可靠性,讨论了压电效应、几何非线性、结构尺寸、力学和电学荷载等因素对板非线性动力响应的影响.     

波形钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙的非线性有限元分析

以波形钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙的试验研究为基础,利用ANSYS建立了考虑黏结滑移的有限元模型;分析了混凝土墙体和波形钢板在试件加载过程中的受力性能,通过将有限元模型计算与试验所得的荷载-位移曲线进行对比分析,得出计算结果与试验结果吻合较好的结论。研究了栓钉对波形钢板和混凝土变形协调的影响,结果表明:墙体下部栓钉滑移量大于上部栓钉滑移量,可增大下部栓钉强度,以改善波形钢板和混凝土墙体的变形协调关系。分析了不同参数对波形钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙受力性能的影响,包括栓钉直径、栓钉间距、钢板厚度、墙体厚度、轴压比等。分析结果表明:增大栓钉间距会降低组合墙承载力和延性;栓钉直径、波形钢板厚度、配筋率对试件承载力影响不大;波形钢板厚度为2mm或轴压比为0.40时,试件延性明显降低;型钢厚度、墙体厚度、轴压比、剪跨比对试件承载力影响较大。     

大学物理《力学》中的自由度分析

对《力学》中的物体自由度进行多方面分析,以深化教学、提高学生正 确分析物理问题的能力.使用实际教学分析的研究方法,在《力学》范围内讨论自由度与坐标、 自由与约束的关系并得以下结论: (1) 同一物体的自由度随其所在的``空间'不同而不同, 不因坐标系的选取不同而 异, 在同类参考系中不因参考系的动静而有别;(2)自由度遵循叠加原理. 讨论了质点系的总自由度及相关计算问题,并指出研究《力学》中自由度的意义.     

Development and design of new methods of measurement of state of strain of structures

The present paper deals with development and design of new methods utilizing Wiedemann's effect for determination of state of strain in building structures. Wiedemann's effect and some features of torsional strain of magnetic field are the basis of new experimental method. Especially the point electromagnetic strain gages using the effect of pure torsion of electromagnetic field to enable universal examination. For strain-gage measurements, almost all physical quantities are used which can be related to the variation in length of the structures. From the electric strain measurements, the most commonly used methods are the measurements by resonance-wire strain gages or by electric-resistance strain gages. In this paper, electromagnetic strain gages are discussed using the Wiedemann effect, and the author describes some new measuring equipment and his own suggestions and methods based on an application of this effect.     

Calculation of aerodynamic characteristics of arrays of profiles of arbitrary shape

It is well known that the problem on nonseparating potential flow of an incompressible fluid about an array of profiles reduces to an integral equation for a certain real function, determined on the contours of the profiles of the array. As such a function one can take, as was done, for instance, in [1–5], the relative velocity of the fluid on the profiles of the array. For arrays of profiles of arbitrary shape it is necessary to solve the corresponding integral equation numerically. In the particular examples of the calculation of aerodynamic arrays that are available [1–3] the numerical methods used were based on the approximate evaluation of contour integrals by rectangle formulas. As investigations showed, sizeable errors arose thereby in the approximate solution obtained, these being especially significant in the case of curved profiles of relatively small bulk. In the present paper a method for the numerical solution of the integral equation obtained in [5] is proposed. The method is based on the replacement of a profile of the array with an inscribed N polygon, the length of whose sides is of the order N^–1 and whose internal angles are close to . Convergence with increasing N of the numerical solution to an exact solution of the integral equations at the reference points is demonstrated. Examples of the calculation are given.Novosibirsk. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 105–112, March–April, 1972.     

Method of constructing estimates of the solution of equations of filtration of an aerated liquid

The exact solutions of the nonlinear equations of filtration of an aerated liquid have been obtained in [1–3]. In [4] the system of equations of an aerated liquid have been reduced to the heat-conduction equation under certain assumptions. An approximate method of computing the nonsteady flow of an aerated liquid is given in [5], where the real flow pattern is replaced by a computational scheme of successive change of stationary states. In [6] the same problem is solved by the method of averaging. In the present article estimates of the solution of the equations for nonstationary filtration of an aerated liquid in one-dimensional layer are constructed under certain conditions imposed on the desired functions. These estimates can be used as approximate solutions with known error or for the verification of the accuracy of different approximate methods. We note that the use of comparison theorem for the estimate of solutions of equations of nonlinear filtration is discussed in [7–9]. The methods of constructing estimates of solutions of various problems of heat conduction are given in [10, 11]