金属板料拉延二次成形的有限元法模拟

建立了二次拉延成形加工的有限元分析计算模型;采用一次成形-回弹计算-二次成形的连续计算过程模拟了实际加工过程;有限元计算采用动力显式计算程序MSC/DYTRAN;用主从面（master surface-slave surface)模型定义板料和模具的接触,摩擦力用库仑定律计算;利用动力松弛法对成形过程中的回弹进行了计算。模拟结果和实际零件比较,证明模型合理,自满稳定,结果可靠,具有良好的应用价值。     

一种适用于板料成形过程分析的自适应有限元方法

本文主要讨论在板料成形过程的动态显式有限元分析中,有限元网格的丙分割技术。单元为四节点壳单元,板料的材料特性假定满足Ｈｉｌｌ各向异性的弹塑性准则,采用自适应ｈ－方案,通过细化和聚合单元调整网格的疏密,模具被假定为由刚性小平面组成,与同一单元的节点发生接触处的模具表面的法线之间的夹角作为单元再分的判据。通过对方表盒冲压成形过程的计算,说明该方法是有效的。     

板料三维成形过程的有限元数值模拟

基于有限变形理论建立了三维金属板料成形过程的刚塑性有限元数学模拟,该数学模型采用物质坐标系中的Ｕｐｄａｔｅ－Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ描述,等向强化假设,考虑了板料的厚向异性,对于金属板料与模具有摩擦采用近似的库仑摩擦定律以改善计算的收敛性。为简经计算采用薄膜单元,并根据此模型编制程序。     

宽板塑性弯曲成形过程中的板厚变化规律

根据宽板弯曲过程中的变形与应力分布特征，提出了一种计算弯曲过程中板料厚度随弯曲程度变化的新的近似解答方法．该方法基于塑性增量理论，应用塑性成形过程的体积不变假设和弯曲过程的平面假设．作为算例，得到了理想刚塑性材料的板料厚度、变薄系数以及应变中性层内移系数随板料弯曲内表面曲率半径变化的规律，并与实验数据进行了比较，两吻合良好．     

内啮合直齿轮的三维接触应力分析

本文运用三维弹性接触问题的有限元局部网格密化技术有有限元－线性规划法计算了内啮合直齿轮副在啮合过程中不同接触位置的接触应力分布，对此分析了系统静载和动载作用下的齿轮接触应力，揭示了内啮合直齿轮在啮合过程接触应力的变化规律。从而为内啮合直齿轮的接触强度及其可靠性分析奠定基础。     

内啮合直齿轮的三维接触应力分析

本文运用三维弹性接触问题的有限元局部网格密化技术和有限元－线性规划法计算了内啮合直齿轮副在啮合过程中不同接触位置的接触应力分布。对比分析了在系统静载和动载作用下的齿轮接触应力，揭示了内啮合直齿轮在啮合过程中接触应力的变化规律。从而为内啮合直齿轮的接触强度及其可靠性分析奠定基础。     

板材多点成形过程的有限元分析

多点成形过程采用静力隐式格式进行数值模拟是比较合适的。本文建立了用于多点成形过程分析的静力隐式弹塑性大变形有限元方法 ,给出了对稳定迭代收敛过程效果较好的板壳有限单元模型、处理多点不连续接触边界的接触单元方法以及增量变形过程中应力及塑性应变计算的多步回映计算方法。基于这些方法编制了计算软件 ,应用该软件进行了矩形板的液压胀形过程及球形模具拉伸成形过程的有限元分析 ,数值计算结果与典型的实验结果及计算结果吻合很好。最后给出了球形、圆柱形目标形状的实际多点成形过程的数值模拟结果。     

一种可考虑弯曲效应的多步法及其在矩形管拉弯成形中的应用

多步法可以考虑变形历史,也顺应了多工步成形的需要,在板料成形的数值模拟中有着良好的应用前景。但传统的多步法主要是基于膜单元的,没有能够准确地考虑成形中的弯曲效应,不适合模拟弯曲变形占主导的成形过程,如型材的拉弯成形。为此,本文将无转动自由度的BST壳单元引入,通过单元片内四个相邻单元,方便地计算出相邻构型的曲率,并通过...     

摆辗成形后的摩托车启动齿轮三维塑性应变场的光塑性分析

本文叙述了采用聚碳酸脂材料模拟低碳钢和低碳合金钢一类金属的摩托车启动齿轮(下面陶称为端面齿轮)摆辗成形过程。运用光塑性法计算分析了氐形后的光塑性模型内部三维塑性应雯分布;对采用螺旋形轨迹和玫瑰线轨迹成形后的光塑性模型内部的三维塑性应变分布进行了分析比较。该方法已为摆辗最佳工艺参数的选择提供了有用的依据。     

钢丝绳捻制成形接触问题的有限元分析

基于虚功原理建立了钢丝绳捻制成形过程中考虑接触摩擦时的刚度方程,将小球分裂算法用于接触搜索,Augmented Lagrange法用于计算接触力．以钢丝绳一次捻制成形过程为例,分析了摩擦系数和自扭转系数对接触应力和加工应力域变的影响．研究结果表明。摩擦系数对剪应力的影响比对等效应力和等效塑性应变的影响大;考虑摩擦时钢线表面的轴向残余应力计算结果比无摩擦条件下的计算结果更接近实验结果．     

CRACK FACE CONTACT PROBLEM ANALYSIS USING THE SCALED BOUNDARY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

比例边界有限元侧面上有任意荷载时,将侧面载荷分解成关于径向方向局部坐标的多项式函数的和,推导给出了考虑侧面载荷存在的新型形函数,并基于该形函数推导了刚度矩阵和等效节点载荷列阵.首次对比例边界有限元法求解裂纹面接触问题进行了研究,运用Lagrange乘子引入接触界面约束条件,推导给出了比例边界有限元求解裂纹面接触问题的控制方程.将裂纹面单元分为非裂尖单元和含有侧面的裂尖单元.在非裂尖单元中的裂纹面,裂纹面作为多边形单元的边界,边界上的接触力可等效到节点上,通过在节点上构造Lagrange乘子,采用点对点接触约束进行处理.对于含有侧面的裂尖单元,在整个侧面上构造Lagrange乘子的插值场,采用边对边接触约束进行处理.对三个不同的接触约束状态下的算例进行了数值计算,通过与解析解及有限元软件ABAQUS计算结果的对比,验证了本文提出的比例边界有限元点对点和边对边接触求解裂纹面接触问题的精确性与有效性.     

考虑接触应力非线性分布的接触力元模式及其验证分析

在作者提出的非连续变形计算力学模型中,采用接触力元模型描述多体接触界面上的接触特性．由于这种模型中假定接触应力沿接触界面为线性分布,从而得到的接触界面应力分布往往出现跳跃等非光滑性特征,该文对此进行了改进,采用具有高阶光滑性的非线性函数建立了能够考虑界面上接触应力非线性分布的接触力元模式,以期合理地揭示多体系统中界面的接触特性．对某一典型算例进行了数值计算,通过与大型通用非线性有限元结构分析软件ABASQUS的计算结果对比,验证了所建议计算模型的合理性与有效性．两种方法计算得到的界面接触对上的接触力基本相同;而由于采用的应力分布模式的假定不同,接触应力有所差别,由于在该文计算模型中接触对上的接触应力是按照未知量直接求得的,因此按照所建议的非线性接触力元模式所得到的接触应力更为合理．     

Vibrations of a Rigid Body with Cylindrical Surface on a Vibrating Foundation

The analytic solution of the problem of forced vibrations of a rigid body with cylindrical surface on a horizontal foundation is given. It is assumed that the dry friction force acts at the point of contact between the cylindrical surface of the body and the foundation and the foundation moves by a harmonic law in the horizontal direction perpendicularly to the cylindrical surface element. The averaging method is used to determine the forced vibration mode near the natural frequency of the body vibrations on the fixed foundation. The results are presented as amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics.     

受压油管屈曲变形与内外层杆管接触分析

针对机械采油工程中杆管偏磨问题, 考虑直井内受压油管屈曲变形与套管、 抽油杆的双层接触, 以及油管和抽油杆的变截面结构和环空间隙, 采用有限元结构稳定性分 析方法对受压油管进行失稳计算, 将求得的多阶失稳波形叠加值作为油管柱的初始位移, 再 采用大位移和接触非线性分析方法模拟受压油管屈曲变形, 以及与套管和抽油杆间的接触摩 擦, 为套管内受压油管屈曲变形分析提供了一种计算方法.     

The equilibrium state of a structure subject to frictional contact

A structure in frictional contact subject to static loads has not, in general, a unique static equilibrium state. This is because the state, displacements and contact forces, depend on the load history of the structure.In cases where the exact load history is not known it would be of interest to find a state that is in some sense likely and define this as the equilibrium state. In this paper, it is assumed that the state with the smallest potential energy is the most likely one. The implication of this definition of likely state is analysed and shows that the resulting problem basically can be seen as a generalization of the frictionless contact problem to structures where no frictionless state is possible, i.e. structures where non-zero friction forces are necessary to satisfy force equilibrium.The results of several numerical experiments are given. The structures in the experiments are trusses and structures modelled by the finite element method. Both a sequential quadratic programming method and an enumeration method are used to solve the likely-state problem.     

On the Computer Formulations of the Wheel/Rail Contact Problem

In this investigation, four nonlinear dynamic formulations that can be used in the analysis of the wheel/rail contact are presented, compared and their performance is evaluated. Two of these formulations employ nonlinear algebraic kinematic constraint equations to describe the contact between the wheel and the rail (constraint approach), while in the other two formulations the contact force is modeled using a compliant force element (elastic approach). The goal of the four formulations is to provide accurate nonlinear modeling of the contact between the wheel and the rail, which is crucial to the success of any computational algorithm used in the dynamic analysis of railroad vehicle systems. In the formulations based on the elastic approach, the wheel has six degrees of freedom with respect to the rail, and the normal contact forces are defined as function of the penetration using Hertzs contact theory or using assumed stiffness and damping coefficients. The first elastic method is based on a search for the contact locations using discrete nodal points. As previously presented in the literature, this method can lead to impulsive forces due to the abrupt change in the location of the contact point from one time step to the next. This difficulty is avoided in the second elastic approach in which the contact points are determined by solving a set of algebraic equations. In the formulations based on the constraint approach, on the other hand, the case of a non-conformal contact is assumed, and nonlinear kinematic contact constraint equations are used to impose the contact conditions at the position, velocity and acceleration levels. This approach leads to a model, in which the wheel has five degrees of freedom with respect to the rail. In the constraint approach, the wheel penetration and lift are not permitted, and the normal contact forces are calculated using the technique of Lagrange multipliers and the augmented form of the system dynamic equations. Two equivalent constraint formulations that employ two different solution procedures are discussed in this investigation. The first method leads to a larger system of equations by augmenting all the contact constraint equations to the dynamic equations of motion, while in the second method an embedding procedure is used to obtain a reduced system of equations from which the surface parameter accelerations are systematically eliminated. Numerical results are presented in order to examine the performance of various methods discussed in this study.     

连接结构接触界面非线性力学建模研究

连接界面上存在的跨尺度、多物理场和非线性行为是引起结构复杂非线性动力学的主要原因。由于连接界面力学行为的复杂性,以及对连接界面进行直接试验观测的困难,连接界面的力学建模一直是非常具有挑战性的科学问题。本文首先从分析结合面的跨尺度物理机理入手,将名义的光滑平面视作凹凸不平的粗糙面,考虑单个微凸体的黏滑摩擦行为,建立接触载荷与变形的非线性关系,然后采用GW(Greenwood和Williamson, GW)模型数理统计方法建立整个粗糙界面的跨尺度力学模型,并与公开文献中试验结果进行对比。然后考虑连接界面典型非线性特征,提出一种改进的Iwan唯象模型,利用精细有限元方法获得非线性特征结果,采用系统辨识理论建立连接结构的降阶力学模型,并利用有限元结果进行模型验证。结果表明,本文提出的粗糙界面跨尺度模型在法向载荷较小时与试验结果吻合较好,改进的Iwan模型能够较好描述连接界面非线性特征,并与有限元结果吻合较好。      

瞬态耦合热弹塑性接触有限元分析方法

在弹性接触问题有限元混合法的基础上,把材料非线性和表面非线性两种迭代过程耦合,在瞬态温度场分析中将伽辽金法和向后差分法结合,并用混合法进行热接触迭代,把瞬态温度场分析和弹塑性接触分析耦合。提出了一种瞬态耦合热弹塑性接触有限元分析方法,并已成功地用于核容器的密封分析。     

Application of the continuum shell finite element SHB8PS to sheet forming simulation using an extended large strain anisotropic elastic–plastic formulation

This paper proposes an extension of the SHB8PS solid–shell finite element to large strain anisotropic elasto-plasticity, with application to several non-linear benchmark tests including sheet metal forming simulations. This hexahedral linear element has an arbitrary number of integration points distributed along a single line, defining the “thickness” direction; and to control the hourglass modes inherent to this reduced integration, a physical stabilization technique is used. In addition, the assumed strain method is adopted for the elimination of locking. The implementation of the element in Abaqus/Standard via the UEL user subroutine has been assessed through a variety of benchmark problems involving geometric non-linearities, anisotropic plasticity, large deformation and contact. Initially designed for the efficient simulation of elastic–plastic thin structures, the SHB8PS exhibits interesting potentialities for sheet metal forming applications—both in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The element shows good performance on the selected tests, including springback and earing predictions for Numisheet benchmark problems.     

A modified discrete element method for concave granular materials based on energy-conserving contact model

The development of a general discrete element method for irregularly shaped particles is the core issue of the simulation of the dynamic behavior of granular materials. The general energy-conserving contact theory is used to establish a universal discrete element method suitable for particle contact of arbitrary shape. In this study, three dimentional (3D) modeling and scanning techniques are used to obtain a triangular mesh representation of the true particles containing typical concave particles. The contact volume-based energy-conserving model is used to realize the contact detection between irregularly shaped particles, and the contact force model is refined and modified to describe the contact under real conditions. The inelastic collision processes between the particles and boundaries are simulated to verify the robustness of the modified contact force model and its applicability to the multi-point contact mode. In addition, the packing process and the flow process of a large number of irregular particles are simulated with the modified discrete element method (DEM) to illustrate the applicability of the method of complex problems.