波由单相弹性介质向横观各向同性液体饱和多孔介质传播时的反射与透射

研究了弹性波从单相各向同性弹性介质向双相各向异性液体饱和介质的传播问题。基于Biot的孔隙介质理论，并考虑动态渗透率，对以任意角度，任意频率入射的弹性波，解析地导出了在界面上的透射角，透射波波速和衰减系数，给出了各波在界面上的能量分配，数值计算了反射，透射系数与入射角，孔隙度等的关系曲线。     

弹性波在准饱和土和弹性土界面的反射与透射

考虑土颗粒和孔隙流体的压缩性,根据准饱和土体的变形连续条件和平衡条件,推导了P1波(快压缩波)、P2波(慢压缩波)和S波的计算公式．根据Snell定理,研究了平面P1波从准饱和土体入射到弹性土层时在界面上的反射和透射,并绘制了反射系数、透射系数和界面应力、位移随入射角的变化曲线,结果表明:饱和度是影响界面效应的一个重要因素,当饱和度低于99％时,反射和透射系数以及应力和位移基本相等,变化不大,但当饱和度为100％时,虽然饱和度比99％提高了1％,但反射和透射系数以及应力和位移值比饱和度为99％时明显降低．     

孔隙深度对多孔储液介质摩擦学性能的影响研究

多孔储液介质凭借其独特的孔隙结构可以储存并释放润滑介质,具备良好的自润滑性能. 利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法研究了孔隙深度对多孔储液介质摩擦界面流体压力分布的影响;考虑气-液界面的弯月面力作用,研究了不同孔隙深度的多孔储液介质气-液承载模型以及气-液二相的最小压差分布规律. 基于模拟计算结果,采用3D打印技术制备了不同孔隙深度的多孔储液介质,进一步考察了孔隙深度对其摩擦学性能的影响. CFD模拟结果表明合理设计孔隙深度能够增强多孔储液介质的流体动压润滑效应,孔隙深度较低会使得润滑升力不足,孔隙深度过高又会使得孔隙中流体产生回流循环,削弱楔形效应. 气体进入多孔储液介质摩擦副表面后,在孔隙中形成气-液二相受压承载,其最大承载力随着孔隙深度的增加先升高后趋于平稳,但孔隙深度越小,对润滑作用的积极效果越显著. 摩擦试验表明多孔储液介质的摩擦系数随着孔隙深度的增加呈先降低后增加的趋势,与模拟计算结果一致. 因此合理设计多孔储液介质的孔隙深度,能优化多孔储液介质的润滑性能.      

基于孔隙弹性耦合的水力压裂数值模拟研究

系统地阐述基于多孔介质渗流-损伤耦合原理,进行水力压裂的FEM数值实现方法.基本架构为:(1)引入孔隙流体压力膨胀系数将孔隙流体压力与应力场进行耦合;(2)基于损伤局部化模型,提出裂缝张开度表达式;(3)提出水力压裂引起的多孔介质水-力学属性的各向异性表达式;(4)提出全流量加载的耦合分析方案.作为实例,模拟三维地层水压裂缝扩展形态,通过比较模型的数值解和经典理论解,验证该方法的正确性.     

双重孔隙介质中二相驱替理论

裂缝-孔隙地层中的注水驱油问题是近十多年来油田开发和渗流力学中最受关注的问题之一.本文改进了已有的数学模型,即正确地写出了双重孔隙介质中二相渗流的基本方程,并用特征线方法进行了全面的研究,揭示了裂缝-孔隙地层中水驱油过程的基本特征.可把本工作看作是著名的Buckley-Leverett理论在双重孔隙介质中的推广.     

平面波在双孔隙介质中球形夹杂上的散射

基于拓展的Biot孔隙介质弹性理论,将波函数展开法推广应用到求解平面压缩波在双孔隙介质中单球形理想流体夹杂上的散射问题中.在低频条件下,给出了问题解析解的形式,包括位移场和应力场.由进一步的数值计算结果可知:P1波和S波的一阶谐波振幅随着基质孔隙率的增大而减小,P2波的谐波振幅则增大,而P3波的谐波振幅基本不受其影响;随着裂隙孔隙率的增大,P1波的谐波振幅逐渐减小,P3波和S波的谐波振幅增大,而对P2波的谐波振幅的影响甚微;频率越高,双孔隙介质的基质孔隙率及裂隙孔隙率对其谐波振幅的影响越显著.     

基于孔隙弹性的水力压裂耦合方法与压裂状态参数数值研究

本文系统地阐述基于多孔介质渗流-损伤耦合原理,进行水力压裂FEM的数值实现方法。基本架构为：(1)引入孔隙流体压力膨胀系数将孔隙流体压力与应力场进行耦合;(2)基于损伤局部化模型,提出裂缝张开度表达式; (3)提出水力压裂引起的多孔介质水-力学属性的各向异性表达式; (4)提出全流量加载的耦合分析方案。最后作为实例,模拟三维地层水压裂缝扩展形态,通过比较模型的数值解和经典理论解,验证该方法的正确性。     

基于孔隙弹性的水力压裂耦合方法与数值模拟研究

本文系统地阐述基于多孔介质渗流-损伤耦合原理,进行水力压裂的FEM数值实现方法。基本架构为:(1)引入孔隙流体压力膨胀系数将孔隙流体压力与应力场进行耦合;(2)基于损伤局部化模型,提出裂缝张开度表达式;(3)提出水力压裂引起的多孔介质水-力学属性的各向异性表达式;(4)提出全流量加载的耦合分析方案。最后作为实例,模拟三维地层水压裂缝扩展形态,通过比较模型的数值解和经典理论解,验证该方法的正确性。     

双重孔隙介质THMM耦合模型及其有限元分析

建立了一种饱和-非饱和遍有节理岩体的双重孔隙-裂隙介质热-水-应力-迁移耦合模型,其特点是应力场和温度场是单一的,但具有不同的孔隙渗流场、裂隙渗流场和孔隙浓度场、裂隙浓度场,以及可考虑裂隙的组数、间距、方向、连通率和刚度对本构关系的影响;并开发了相应的二维有限元程序.针对一个假定的高放废物地质处置库,就岩体为非饱和双重孔隙-裂隙介质和放射性核素泄漏的情况进行了数值分析,考察了岩体中的温度、负孔隙水压力、饱和度、地下水流速、核素浓度和主应力的状态.结果显示:孔隙和裂隙中的负水压力及核素浓度呈现不同的变化、分布;尽管裂隙水饱和度平均仅为孔隙水饱和度的1/10,但因裂隙的渗透系数比孔隙的渗透系数大4个数量级,故裂隙中地下水的流速约是孔隙中相应值的3倍;孔隙和裂隙中核素浓度的量值接近.     

刚性平压头作用下双重孔隙介质半平面接触问题

针对刚性平压头与双重孔隙介质半平面接触时的静力响应展开研究。基于Biot型双重孔隙介质弹性理论及接触边界条件建立基本求解方程;考虑Fourier积分变换域内特征值的特性,再通过求解柯西积分方程,得到了问题频域内的解析解,包括应力场、位移场。利用Fourier逆变换进行数值求解,分析了基质孔隙与裂隙孔隙之间交互作用对接触表面附近力学响应的影响规律。结果表明:随着两种孔隙率的增大,竖向位移和孔隙压力随之增大,而竖向正应力则减小,且基质孔隙率的影响较为显著。     

Reflection and Transmission of Elastic Waves from the Interface of a Fluid-saturated Porous Solid and a Double Porosity Solid

The reflection and transmission characteristics of an incident plane P1 wave from the interface of a fluid-saturated single porous solid and a fluid-saturated double porosity solid are investigated. The fluid-saturated porous solid is modeled with the classic Biot’s theory and the double porosity medium is described by an extended Biot’s theory. In a double-porosity model with dual-permeability there exist three compressional waves and a shear wave. The effects of the incident angle and frequency on amplitude ratios of the reflected and transmitted waves to the incident wave are discussed. Two boundary conditions are discussed in detail: (a) Open-pore boundary and (b) Sealed-pore boundary. Numerical results reveal that the characteristics of the reflection and transmission coefficients to the incident angle and the frequency are quite different for the two cases of boundary conditions. Properties of the bulk waves existing in the fluid-saturated porous solid and the double porosity medium are also studied.     

Reflection and Transmission of Elastic Waves at the Interface Between Water and a Double Porosity Solid

The reflection and transmission of an incident plane wave at an interface between water and a fluid-saturated double porosity solid are investigated. The properties of the three compressional waves and one shear wave in double porosity media are discussed in detail. The effect of the viscosity, permeability, and porosity on the phase velocity and attenuation of four bulk waves is presented. Comparison between the double porosity theory and the Biot theory reveals that there exists obvious difference in the phase velocity, attenuation and the reflection and transmission coefficients. Two cases of boundary conditions, i.e., the sealed-pore and the open-pore boundaries, are introduced in the numerical calculation. At last, the effect of the fracture permeability and porosity on the reflection and transmission coefficients considered. It is revealed that the amplitudes of the reflected and transmitted waves strongly depend the boundary condition, fracture permeability, and porosity.     

Wave propagation in liquid-saturated porous solid with micropolar elastic skelton at boundary surface

The present study is concerned with the reflection and transmission of plane waves at an interface between homogenous invisicid liquid half space and a micropolar liquid-saturated porous solid half space. The reflection and transmission coefficients of various reflected and transmitted waves with the angle of incident have been obtained. Numerical calculation has been performed for amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves. Micropolarity and porosity effects on the reflection and transmission coefficients have been depicted graphically. Some particular cases have been deduced from the present formulation.     

Propagation of plane elastic waves at a plane interface between two electro-microelastic solid half-spaces

This work is concerned with the wave propagation and their reflection and transmission from a plane interface between two different electro-microelastic solid half-spaces in perfect contact. It is found that there exist five basic waves in an infinite electro-microelastic solid, namely an independent longitudinal micro-rotational wave, two sets of coupled longitudinal waves influenced by the electric effect, and two sets of coupled transverse waves. The existence of the two sets of coupled longitudinal waves is new. In the absence of microstretch and electric effects, these two coupled longitudinal waves reduce to a longitudinal displacement wave of micropolar elasticity. Amplitude and energy ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are presented when (i) a set of coupled longitudinal wave is made incident and (ii) a set of coupled transverse wave is made incident. Numerical computations have been performed for a particular model and the variations of amplitude and energy ratios are obtained against the angle of incidence. The results obtained are depicted graphically. It has been verified that the sum of energy ratios is equal to unity at the interface and the amplitude ratios of reflected and transmitted waves depend upon the angle of incidence, frequency and elastic properties of the media. Results of some earlier workers have also been reduced from the present formulation.     

Reflection and refraction of attenuated waves at boundary of elastic solid and porous solid saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids

The propagation of elastic waves is studied in a porous solid saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids.The propagation of three longitudinal waves is represented through three scalar potential functions.The lone transverse wave is presented by a vector potential function.The displacements of particles in different phases of the aggregate are defined in terms of these potential functions.It is shown that there exist three longitudinal waves and one transverse wave.The phenomena of reflection and refraction due to longitudinal and transverse waves at a plane interface between an elastic solid half-space and a porous solid half-space saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids are investigated.For the presence of viscosity in pore-fluids,the waves refracted to the porous medium attenuate in the direction normal to the interface.The ratios of the amplitudes of the reflected and refracted waves to that of the incident wave are calculated as a nonsingular system of linear algebraic equations.These amplitude ratios are used to further calculate the shares of different scattered waves in the energy of the incident wave.The modulus of the amplitude and the energy ratios with the angle of incidence are computed for a particular numerical model.The conservation of the energy across the interface is verified.The effects of variations in non-wet saturation of pores and frequencies on the energy partition are depicted graphically and discussed.     

液饱和多孔介质中三维应力波的传播

为了深入研究液饱和多孔介质中应力波的传播，提出了三维两相细观计算模型．基于此模型。应用Galerkin余量法并计及流-固耦合界面的耦合效应，利用直接耦合的技术，开发了三维流-固混合显式动力有限元计算程序．在此基础上对冲击载荷作用下液饱和多孔介质中三维应力波的传播现象进行了数值模拟，并详细讨论了孔隙率，孔隙形状等因素对应力波传播主导波形的影响．     

Lamb wave scattering by a symmetric pair of surface-breaking cracks in a plate

The scattering problem of a Lamb wave incident on a symmetric pair of surface-breaking transverse cracks in a plate is considered. The Lamb wave is assumed to be obliquely incident on the crack plane. Since the cracks are part-through, the scattered field will contain reflected as well as transmitted waves. The energy of the incoming wave is partitioned into reflected and transmitted wave modes. Energy coefficients of the reflected and transmitted waves are calculated as a function of incident frequency and crack depth. The incidence angle of the incoming wave is also treated as a parameter. Both the reflected and transmitted wave fields are considered as linear superpositions of all real and complex wave modes in the plate. Decomposition of modes is achieved with the help of an orthogonality condition based on the principle of reciprocal work. Continuity of displacement and stress fields is imposed at the crack plane. Energy coefficients for reflection and transmission are obtained from the mode amplitudes. Energy coefficients are shown to be a strong function of incident frequency and crack depth. Experiments are conducted with a PZT transducer network interacting with a symmetric pair of machined cracks in an aluminum plate. Trends predicted by the analysis are reflected in the experimental results.     

Reflection and transmission of plane waves between two different fluid-saturated porous half-spaces

The present study deals with reflection and transmission of plane waves between two different fluid-saturated porous half-spaces, where longitudinal and transversal waves impinge obliquely onto the interface. Amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are obtained. Variations of amplitude ratios with the angle of incidence are depicted graphically. A particular case of reflection at the free surface of the fluid-saturated porous half-spaces is discussed.     

Transverse wave at a plane interface between isotropic elastic and unsaturated porous elastic solid half-spaces

Based on the poroelasticity theory, this article investigates the reflection and transmission characteristics of an incident plane transverse wave at a plane interface between an isotropic elastic half-space and an unsaturated poroelastic solid half-space. For this purpose, the effect of the saturation degree and frequency on the properties of the four bulk waves in unsaturated porous medium, i.e., three longitudinal waves and one transverse wave, are discussed at first. Two general cases of mode conversion are considered: (i) The initial transverse wave is incident from an unsaturated poroelastic half-space to the interface, and (ii) the initial transverse wave is incident from an elastic solid half-space to the interface. The expressions for the partition of energy at the interface during transmission and reflection process of waves are presented in explicit forms. At last, numerical computations are performed for these two cases and the results obtained are depicted, respectively. The variation of the amplitude ratios and energy ratios with the saturation degree and incident angle is illustrated in detail. It is also verified that, at the interface, the sum of energy ratios is approximately equal to unity as expected.     

Propagation of plane P-waves at interface between elastic solid and unsaturated poroelastic medium

A linear viscoporoelastic model is developed to describe the problem of reflection and transmission of an obliquely incident plane P-wave at the interface between an elastic solid and an unsaturated poroelastic medium, in which the solid matrix is filled with two weakly coupled fluids (liquid and gas). The expressions for the amplitude reflection coefficients and the amplitude transmission coefficients are derived by using the potential method. The present derivation is subsequently applied to study the energy conversions among the incident, reflected, and transmitted wave modes. It is found that the reflection and transmission coefficients in the forms of amplitude ratios and energy ratios are functions of the incident angle, the liquid saturation, the frequency of the incident wave, and the elastic constants of the upper and lower media. Numerical results are presented graphically. The effects of the incident angle, the frequency, and the liquid saturation on the amplitude and the energy reflection and transmission coefficients are discussed. It is verified that in the transmission process, there is no energy dissipation at the interface.