磁场力及膜曲率对磁敏感薄膜-基底界面 黏附性能的影响与调控

界面黏附和脱黏的可调控在攀爬装置、黏附开关、机械抓手等方面具有重要的应用需求. 针对磁敏感薄膜-基底界面, 开展了薄膜初始曲率及外加磁场对界面黏附性能影响机制的研究. 首先实验制备了具有初始曲率的磁敏感薄膜, 分别开展了具有初始曲率的磁敏感薄膜-基底界面撕脱实验及理论研究, 研究了薄膜初始曲率、弯曲刚度和外加磁场强度对界面黏附性能的影响规律. 实验和理论结果一致表明: 具有初始曲率的磁敏感薄膜-基底界面黏附力随薄膜初始曲率的增大而减小, 而外加磁场能够有效提高界面黏附力;相比于初始零曲率薄膜-基底界面稳态撕脱力与薄膜弯曲刚度无关, 薄膜弯曲刚度减弱了具有初始曲率薄膜-基底界面的稳态撕脱力. 进一步从能量角度分析了界面等效黏附性能, 揭示了薄膜弯曲能、磁场势能、界面黏附能的相互竞争机制. 最后, 基于本文的实验及理论结果, 提出了一种磁场和薄膜初始曲率协同调控的简易机械抓手, 可连续实现物体的拾取、搬运和释放功能. 本文结果不仅有助于理解多场调控的界面可逆黏附机制, 对界面黏附可控的功能器件设计亦提供了一种新方法.      

一种预测颗粒增强复合材料界面力学性能的新方法

界面在颗粒增强复合材料中起到传递载荷的关键作用, 界面性能对复合材料整体力学行为产生重要影响. 然而由于复合材料内部结构较为复杂, 颗粒与基体间的界面强度和界面断裂韧性难以确定, 尤其是法向与切向界面强度的分别预测缺乏有效方法. 本文以氧化锆颗粒增强聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)复合材料为研究对象, 提出一种预测颗粒增强复合材料界面力学性能的新方法. 首先, 实验获得纯PDMS基体材料及单颗粒填充PDMS试样的单轴拉伸应力$\!-\!$应变曲线, 标定出PDMS基体材料的单轴拉伸超弹性本构关系; 其次, 建立与单颗粒填充试样一致的有限元模型, 选择特定的黏结区模型描述界面力学行为, 通过样品不同阶段拉伸力学响应的实验与数值结果对比, 分别给出颗粒与基体界面的法向强度、切向强度及界面断裂韧性; 进一步应用标定的界面力学参数, 开展不同尺寸及不同数目颗粒填充试样的实验与数值结果比较, 验证界面性能预测结果的合理性. 本文提出的界面力学性能预测方法简便、易操作、精度高, 对定量预测颗粒增强复合材料的力学性能具有一定帮助, 亦对定量预测纤维增强复合材料的界面性能具有一定参考意义.      

薄膜-基底的几个力学问题

本文介绍了近年微电子薄膜-基底组件的几个力学问题:连接件边界及端部的应力集中和应力奇异性;不同薄膜-基底和界面的组合与相应的破坏模式和力学分析,薄膜与界面的力学参量的测试方法,文末提出了薄膜-基底组件的几个需要进一步研究的力学问题.     

石墨烯与柔性基底界面载荷传递的拉曼光谱实验

本文研究了CVD制备的大尺寸石墨烯与柔性PET基底在拉伸变形过程中切向界面载荷传递的问题,采用原位拉曼光谱实验给出了加载过程中石墨烯的正应变、正应力以及界面切应力的分布曲线。分析表明,石墨烯与PET基底间的载荷传递存在四个阶段,分别是初始阶段、粘附阶段、滑移阶段和界面脱粘破坏阶段。在此基础上,本文对50μm、140μm、270μm和600μm四种尺寸石墨烯试件的界面力学性能进行测量,得到了不同尺寸石墨烯试件的界面力学性能参数,并初步给出了基底变形引起的石墨烯切向界面粘接能的变化,同时分析了试件尺寸对石墨烯界面力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,石墨烯材料和柔性基底最大切应力与临界脱粘切向界面粘接能等界面强度指标受到尺寸的显著影响,尺寸越小切向界面强度越高,反之,尺寸越大则越低。     

微纳米尺度膜/基结构界面性能的实验研究

为了研究铜膜/有机玻璃结构的界面性能,首先对沉积在有机玻璃基底上300nm厚的铜膜进行了单轴压缩实验,部分区域的薄膜因屈曲而脱离基底。选择在膜/基粘接良好区域、膜/基脱粘区域分别进行等位移纳米压痕实验。利用膜/基粘接良好区域处硬度/弹性模量与压痕位移的关系来确定膜/基结构的临界脱粘位移。基于宏观力学中表征界面性能的能量法,利用两个区域等位移的塑性功差值来确定界面能量释放率。研究结果表明:当压痕位移约450nm时,膜/基结构开始出现界面脱粘,实验测得铜膜/有机玻璃结构的界面能量释放率值在6.81~10.32J/m2之间。     

金瓷界面力学特性的数值分析

建立不同金属厚度的金瓷试件梁有限元力学模型,分析界面处应力分布,利用真实口腔修复体的金属和瓷的力学参数,分别对常用的三种不同厚度为基底的金属梁试件进行了瓷层以0.2mm为梯度进行加厚,计算各梁的界面应力和位移,同时也对力学性能较好的金属层和瓷层一组进行了全瓷梁应力、位移计算分析.为了更加真实的反映计算结果,部分试件的数值分析与实验进行了比较.通过分析比较,结果显示金瓷界面处应力较大,是脱剥瓷常发生部位;金属层较薄的烤瓷体有更高的韧性,力学性能较金属基底厚的有更强的抗脱瓷能力;金属作为基底大大提高了试件的抗弯曲能力,比全瓷梁更增强了试件破坏能力.     

压电涂层-功能梯度压电界面层-基底结构的二维接触问题研究

在多层压电元件中,由于界面处材料成分和性质的突变,常常导致界面处应力集中,使得界面处出现开裂或蠕变现象,从而大大缩短了压电元件的使用寿命。功能梯度压电材料作为界面层,可有效的缓解界面材料不匹配导致的破坏。本文主要研究利用功能梯度压电材料界面层连接压电涂层和基底,分析三层结构在圆柱型压头作用下的力电响应。利用傅里叶积分变换技术,本文将压电涂层-功能梯度压电层-基底结构在刚性圆柱压头作用下的二维平面应变接触问题转化为带有柯西核的奇异积分方程。运用高斯-切比雪夫积分公式,将奇异积分方程转化为线性方程组并对其进行数值求解,得到压电涂层-功能梯度压电层-基底结构在圆柱形压头作用下的应力分布和电位移分布。数值结果表明,梯度压电材料参数的变化对结构中的力电响应具有重要的影响。本文研究结果对于利用功能梯度压电界面层消除界面处的应力不连续导致的界面破坏具有重要的理论指导意义,研究结果可为功能梯度压电材料界面层的设计提供帮助。     

高温超导带材多场特性测试系统研制进展(Ⅰ)

高温超导带材具有高的临界电流密度,高磁场下优异的载流特性以及良好的成型性在强电领域如高场磁体、超导电缆等方面应用潜力巨大。在其应用过程中,不可避免的低温-大电流-强磁场环境将对超导材料的载流能力产生影响,而加工过程中的残余应力以及洛伦兹力的存在会显著的降低超导材料的临界电流,造成相应超导装置功能性难以达到设计要求、且成为重要的安全隐患。本文介绍一种新型的适用于超导带材的力-磁-电多场耦合测试系统,该系统目前采用浸泡式制冷,可实现的主要功能有:(1)超导材料临界电流密度测试;(2)拉伸应变对超导带材临界电流的影响研究;(3)磁场对超导带材临界电流的影响研究;(4)力磁耦合情形下超导材料临界电流的变化规律;(5)超导材料磁通稳定性测试。该设备的成功研制将为我国先进超导材料研发提供基础测试平台。     

The Relationship between Structural Model Design Competition and Innovation on Mechanics—Structure Course Groups in Applied Civil Engineering

介绍了结构模型设计制作的基本过程, 阐述了开展模型竞赛与土木工程专业应用型人才体系的关系. 在此基础上, 从强化实践力学$\!$-$\!$-$\!$结构课程体系、改革课程内容、设置开放性实践环节等方面阐述了构建创新性、应用型人才培养体系的思路, 并通过教学实例加以分析.     

纳米薄膜屈曲模式的实验研究

薄膜/基底系统在信息科学以及微电子机械系统中有着十分重要的地位.薄膜中常会有压或拉的残余应力,因此薄膜/基底结构通常是工作在残余应力以及外加应力的联合作用下.根据结构的功用不同,其载荷方式也有不同,从而也导致了不同的破坏模式.压缩载荷下的脱粘屈曲是薄膜基底结构主要的破坏形式之一.本文使用磁控溅射镀膜技术,制作了压缩薄膜...     

Multi-layer thin films/substrate system subjected to non-uniform misfit strains

Current methodologies used for the inference of thin film stress through curvature measurement are strictly restricted to stress and curvature states that are assumed to remain uniform over the entire film/substrate system. These methodologies have recently been extended to a single layer of thin film deposited on a substrate subjected to the non-uniform misfit strain in the thin film. Such methodologies are further extended to multi-layer thin films deposited on a substrate in the present study. Each thin film may have its own non-uniform misfit strain. We derive relations between the stresses in each thin film and the change of system curvatures due to the deposition of each thin film. The interface shear stresses between the adjacent films and between the thin film and the substrate are also obtained from the system curvatures. This provides the basis for the experimental determination of thin film stresses in multi-layer thin films on a substrate.     

Effect of Oxidation-Induced Material Parameter Variation on the High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Nickel

In high temperature oxidation environment, the oxidation reaction will induce variations in material parameters, such as Young's modulus, thermal expansion coefficient(CTE),coefficient of oxygen diffusion(COD), etc. The oxidation-induced material parameter variations should be considered in high temperature mechanical analysis. In this paper, high temperature oxidation behavior of an oxide film/metal substrate system was investigated through a modified phase field approach. The oxidative stress and oxidation weight gain induced by high temperature oxidation were studied. Effects of Young's modulus, COD and CTE on oxidative stress in the oxide film were studied particularly. The simulation results showed that a better agreement with the experimental results could be obtained when considering the oxidation-induced material parameter variations in the high temperature mechanical analysis of oxide film/metal substrate system. The simulation results demonstrated that oxidative stress and oxidation weight gain were more sensitive to the variation of Young's modulus than to the variations of COD and CTE.     

Debonding of FRP-plated reinforced concrete beam,a bond-slip analysis. I. Theoretical formulation

External bonding of FRP plates or sheets has emerged as a popular method for strengthening reinforced concrete. Debonding along the FRP–concrete interface can lead to premature failure of the structure. In this study, a bond-slip model is established to study the interface debonding induced by a flexural crack in a FRP-plated concrete beam. The reinforced concrete beam and FRP plate are modeled as two linearly elastic Euler–Bernoulli beams bonded together through a thin layer of FRP–concrete interface. The interface layer is essentially modeled as a large fracture processing zone of which the stress–deformation relationship is described by a nonlinear bond-slip model. Three different bond-slip models (bi-linear, triangular and linear-damaging) are used. By dividing the debonding process into several stages, governing equations of interfacial shear and normal stresses are obtained. Closed-form solutions are then obtained for the interfacial shear and normal stresses and the deflection of the beam in each stage of debonding. In such a way, the proposed model unifies the whole debonding process, including elastic deformation, debonding initiation and growth, into one model. With such a superior feature, the proposed model provides an efficient and effective analytical tool to study FRP–concrete interface debonding.     

Debonding of particles in thin films

Thin composite films consisting of a matrix with embedded particles are currently being developed both as hard, wear resistant coatings and as functional surfaces. The effect of stiff particles in the film are studied for systems where the film is under residual tensile stresses. The particles, when they are fully bonded to the matrix, increase the stiffness of the composite film. In cases where the particles debond from the matrix material, the stiffness of the composite film decreases. The conditions under which the debonding process is stable are studied. For systems properly designed, a controlled debonding process of the particles can thus be used to reduce the stress levels in composite film lowering the risk for delamination of the composite film from the substrate as well as the risk of through cracks in the film. The work includes finite element based unit cell calculations of interface debonding between spherical particles and the film, and the release of residual stresses following this. The three dimensional unit cell calculations assume a periodic distribution of particles in the plane parallel to the substrate interface with equi-biaxial tension and periodicity with zero overall stress perpendicular to the substrate interface.     

薄膜涂层材料界面纯剪破坏标准试验法的开发

界面强度是薄膜涂层材料的最重要的性能指标之一，目前尚缺乏有效的测量方法。测量界面强度的主要困难在于寻求一种便于试验的试件形状和加载方式，使得界面上能够产生不同的应力状态，即在不同的剥离应力和剪应力比的状态下发生破坏。本文采用有限元数值分析（ABAQUS），研究了几种具有简单几何形状的试件的界面应力，并基于大量的数值试验，设计了剪应力为破坏支配因素的试件形状和加载方式，并且给出了便于应用的最大界面剪应力的经验估算公式。该经验公式可以适用于各种材料组合和薄膜涂层的厚度。研究结果表明，通过对薄膜涂层材料试件的基体引入缺口以产生应力集中，进行普通的四点弯曲试验，可以进行剪应力占支配地位的界面破坏试验。利用本文提出的试件形状和相应的最大界面剪应力经验公式，可以通过破坏试验简单地得到界面的剪切强度。     

FRP加固梁的FRP-混凝土界面脱胶分析

为了研究纤维增强聚合物(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP) 加固梁的FRP-混凝土界面脱胶破坏过程,本文将混凝土梁和FRP 板均视为线弹性的欧拉-伯努利梁(Euler-Bernoulli beams), 且两者通过粘结层胶结在一起. 对于FRP-混凝土结构,有两种形式的脱胶破坏：板端脱胶破坏和跨中裂缝导致的脱胶破坏.对于FRP-混凝土梁,利用合理的粘结模型按第2 种脱胶失效形式,详细讨论了FRP-混凝土界面的脱胶过程,得到了不同阶段的胶结滑移、界面剪应力和FRP 轴向力的解析解. 实验研究验证了理论分析的结果,参数研究进一步探讨了胶结长度和粘结层厚度对于FRP-混凝土界面脱胶行为的影响.     

碳纤维布与钢板复合加固梁剥离破坏研究

通过12根碳纤维布与钢板复合加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯性能研究,结果表明复合加固方式能有效地改善被加固构件的受力性能,但常由于复合加固层的剥离可能导致加固效果的降低。复合加固层与被加固构件之间的剥离是由于薄弱截面在剪应力及正应力的集中作用下而产生的,文中对复合加固层与混凝土之间的粘结剪应力及剥离正应力的计算公式分别进行推导,并进一步对碳纤维布与钢板复合加固的剥离机理进行分析,为工程应用提供依据。