A MECHANICS MODEL OF A MONOLAYER GRAPHENE BASED ON THE LENOSKY INTERATOMIC POTENTIAL ENERGY

基于对Lenosky 碳-碳共价键作用势连续化得到的单层石墨烯的势能和Hamilton 原理,导出了单层石墨烯的动力学方程. 使用该数学模型及Galerkin 方法,研究了矩形单层石墨烯片的静力挠曲问题. 结果显示,石墨烯片的几何尺寸较小时,弯曲刚度对结构的受力影响较大,可用板理论来描述;随着结构尺寸的增大,弯曲刚度的影响迅速降低;当矩形石墨烯片的短边尺寸大于10 nm 时,可以忽略弯曲刚度对结构的影响,使用薄膜理论来描述单层石墨烯的力学性质.     

缝合复合材料层板面内局部纤维弯曲模型及刚度预报

提出了缝合层板面内局部纤维弯曲模型,假设缝合线受挤压后横截面为椭圆形,指出当纤维弯曲幅度较小时,缝合仅造成单胞内局部纤维弯曲,纤维弯曲角为特定值,由纤维种类决定;当纤维弯曲幅度较大时,缝合造成单胞内整体纤维弯曲,纤维弯曲角大于特定值,由纤维弯曲幅度和单胞尺寸决定。采用有限元法建立了缝合层板刚度分析方法,使缝合层板单胞满足周期性边界条件,预报结果与试验吻合较好,详细探讨了缝合参数对层板刚度的影响规律,结果表明缝合后层板刚度降低,缝合参数变化对层板刚度有较大影响。     

三维机织复合材料细观几何建模研究

论文提出一种简化的纱线变形方法建立三维机织复合材料细观几何模型,考虑了纱线截面形状、纱线截面扭转、纱线弯曲系数等模型参数,建立了模型参数可灵活调整的建模方法.采用该方法分析了纱线的层数、模型尺寸、纱线的弯曲系数对材料性能的影响.结果表明,当纱线层数较小时,表层的边界效应对材料性能影响较大,厚度方向不建议采用周期性边界条件;在自由边界条件下,模型长度约为2倍单胞、宽度约为1.5倍单胞尺寸时,可以实现刚度测试误差范围控制在2%以内.此外,纱线弯曲系数对复合材料单胞刚度计算结果有较大影响,适当的纱线弯曲系数能够使刚度计算误差控制在7%以内.     

基于应变梯度中厚板单元的石墨烯振动研究

基于应变梯度理论建立了单层石墨烯等效明德林(Mindlin) 板动力学方程,推导了四边简支明德林中厚板自由振动固有频率的解析解. 提出了一种考虑应变梯度的4 节点36 自由度明德林板单元,利用虚功原理建立了单层石墨烯的等效非局部板有限元模型. 通过对石墨烯振动问题的研究,验证了应变梯度有限元计算结果的收敛性. 运用该有限元法研究了尺寸、振动模态阶数以及非局部参数对石墨烯振动特性的影响. 研究表明,这种单元能够较好地适用于研究考虑复杂边界条件石墨烯的尺度效应问题. 基于应变梯度理论的明德林板所获得石墨烯的固有频率小于基于经典明德林板理论得到的结果. 尺寸较小、模态阶数较高的石墨烯振动尺度效应更加明显. 无论采用应变梯度理论还是经典弹性本构关系,考虑一阶剪切变形的明德林板模型预测的固有频率低于基尔霍夫(Kirchho) 板所预测的固有频率.      

成层非饱和地基上矩形基础稳态响应解析研究

采用积分变换法求解非饱和土的控制方程,得到变换域内土体的位移和应力表达式;建立了单层非饱和土体的刚度矩阵,并组装每一层的刚度矩阵,构成了层状地基的总体刚度矩阵;结合地基上下表面的边界条件,推导了层状非饱和地基表面位移的积分形式解答。另外,选取带有补充项的双重余弦级数解作为矩形基础的振型函数,并令其与地表位移按余弦级数展开的表达式相等,建立了矩形基础与地基的协调条件。最后,联立矩形基础的控制方程、边界条件和基础与地基之间的协调条件,求解得到矩形基础的挠度幅值、弯矩幅值以及基底压力幅值。选取已有文献中的非饱和土参数计算,其结果与文献吻合良好,验证了本文方法的正确性。本文进一步研究了单层地基和双层地基上矩形板的动力响应,分析了土体参数对矩形基础动力响应幅值的影响规律。结果表明:地基层厚与基础尺寸之比为5时,地基就可以看作半空间地基;矩形基础的稳态响应随非饱和土的饱和度的增大而减小;渗透率对矩形基础动力响应的影响不明显。     

双金属复合管的静动态力学特性

对双金属复合管单位长度质量的等效截面抗弯曲、抗拉压、抗扭刚度进行了推导。分析了钢-铜、钢-铝双层、铜-钢-铜三层双金属复合管在不同结构和尺寸组合时,其各等效截面刚度与同规格单金属管各截面刚度之比随内层管与总管壁厚之比n的变化规律。获得了最优刚度性能的复合管最佳结构与尺寸组合,能节约贵金属材料。采用等效截面抗弯曲刚度、等效截面抗拉压刚度、等效质量法,推导出双金属复合管弯曲振动和轴向振动固有频率的计算模型;采用等效截面抗扭刚度、等效质量并结合等效转动惯量法,推导出其扭转振动固有频率计算模型。复合管前三阶固有频率的计算值与有限元值相比,最大误差为2.35%;与实测值相比,最大误差为3.15%。研究结果表明:内铝、外钢复合管在抗弯、抗扭方面(n=0.63时)存在最优结构。     

含缺失原子单层石墨烯弛豫性能的分子动力学模拟

采用AIREBO势对单层的理想石墨烯与含缺失原子石墨烯的弛豫性能进行了分子动力学模拟,对模拟的石墨烯的表面形貌进行了分析对比,研究了石墨烯在弛豫过程中的动态平衡演化过程.模拟结果表明,理想的自由状态下,单层理想石墨烯并非完美的平面结构,边缘处呈现一定程度的起伏和褶皱;在原子空缺较大的情况下,石墨烯薄膜的起伏不但发生在边缘地带,而且在表面内部也出现了褶皱式起伏;空缺的大小对单层石墨烯薄膜弛豫的起伏高度有不同影响.     

基于应变梯度有限元的单层石墨烯振动研究

建立了单层石墨烯等效非局部薄板的一种新的有限元模型,并运用有限元法分析不同边界条件下单层石墨烯振动的小尺度效应。给出了基于弹性应变梯度理论下Kirchhoff板的振动方程。发展了一种4节点24自由度的板单元,用于离散化求解考虑微纳结构尺度效应的高阶微分方程。在研究四边简支板振动时,考虑应变梯度的非局部弹性有限元数值计算结果与理论分析结果相一致。用有限元方法研究了不同尺寸、振动波长、振动模态阶数、边界条件类型以及非局部参数的单层石墨烯振动。     

基于精化锯齿理论的功能梯度夹心微板静弯曲模型

基于精化锯齿理论和新修正偶应力理论,建立了能够准确预测功能梯度夹心微板挠度、位移和应力的静弯曲模型。为了描述微板不同方向上的尺度效应,将两个正交材料尺度参数引入本文模型。以受双向正弦载荷作用的简支板为例,探究了夹心微板弯曲行为中尺度效应对结构刚度的影响。算例结果表明,当微板几何参数与材料尺度参数接近时,基于本文模型所测微板的最大弯曲挠度、局部位移和应力均小于传统精化锯齿理论给出的结果,捕捉到了尺度效应;尺度效应随着微板几何尺寸的增大而逐渐减弱,当微板几何尺寸远大于材料尺度参数时,尺度效应消失。此外,板的跨厚比和功能梯度变化指数也会对尺度效应产生一定影响。     

剪力对楔形变截面双模量梁弯曲应力的影响

推导出了楔形矩形变截面双模量梁的截面高度表达式,利用静力平衡方程确定了楔形矩形变截面双模量梁弯曲时的中性层位置,得到了楔形矩形变截面双模量梁的弯曲剪应力计算公式.在考虑剪切变形影响的基础上,利用楔形矩形变截面双模量梁的弯曲剪应力计算公式,推导出了楔形矩形变截面双模量梁弯曲正应力计算公式.通过算例分析,讨论分析了楔形矩形变截面双模量梁的楔度比、剪力、长高比等对矩形截面双模量梁弯曲正应力的影响.研究结果表明:随着楔度比的增大,楔形矩形变截面梁弯曲拉、压正应力绝对值逐渐减小.当矩形截面双模量梁的长高比小于一定比值,剪力会对楔形矩形变截面双模量梁弯曲正应力产生较大的影响.得到了拉压弹性模量相差较大的情况,采用经典材料力学理论进行楔形矩形变截面双模量梁的弯曲应力计算分析是不合适的,应该采用双模量材料力学理论对梁弯曲应力进行分析计算的结论.     

Nonlinear softening and hardening nonlocal bending stiffness of an initially curved monolayer graphene

In the present article, the governing nonlinear nonlocal elastic equations are obtained for a monolayer graphene with an initial curvature and the related softening and hardening bending stiffness is analytically calculated. The effects of large deformation, initial curvature, discreteness and direction of chiral vector on the bending stiffness of the monolayer graphene are discussed in detail. A behavior more complex than previously reported in the literature emerges. It is found that the bending stiffness of graphene strongly depends on the initial configuration, showing not obvious maxima and minima, and suggesting the possibility of a smart tuning.     

A size-dependent Kirchhoff micro-plate model based on strain gradient elasticity theory

A size-dependent Kirchhoff micro-plate model is developed based on the strain gradient elasticity theory. The model contains three material length scale parameters, which may effectively capture the size effect. The model can also degenerate into the modified couple stress plate model or the classical plate model, if two or all of the material length scale parameters are taken to be zero. The static bending, instability and free vibration problems of a rectangular micro-plate with all edges simple supported are carried out to illustrate the applicability of the present size-dependent model. The results are compared with the reduced models. The present model can predict prominent size-dependent normalized stiffness, buckling load, and natural frequency with the reduction of structural size, especially when the plate thickness is on the same order of the material length scale parameter.     

弹性地基上四边自由矩形厚板非线性大挠度弯曲

基于Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ－Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ一阶剪切变形板理论,采用摄动－Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ混合法,给出双参数弹性地基上四边自由矩形中厚板在对称分布局部荷载作用下的大挠度弯曲渐近解,满足全部自由边界条件和控制方程,同时讨论弹性地基刚度系数对自由矩形厚板大挠度弯曲的影响。     

Compression analysis of rectangular elastic layers bonded between rigid plates

An elastic layer bonded between two rigid plates has higher compression stiffness than the elastic layer without bonding. While the finite element method can be applied to calculate the stiffness, the compression stiffness of bonded rectangular layers derived through a theoretical approach in this paper provides a convenient way for parametric study. Based on two kinematics assumptions, the governing equation for the mean pressure is derived from the equilibrium equations. Using the approximate shear boundary condition, the mean pressure is solved and the compression stiffness of the bonded rectangular layer is then established in an explicit single-series form. Through the solved pressure, the horizontal displacements are derived from the corresponding equilibrium equations, from which the shear stress on the bonding surface can be found. It is found that the effect of the rectangular aspect on the compression stiffness is significant only when Poisson’s ratio is near 0.5. For the smaller Poisson’s ratio, the compression stiffness of the rectangular layer can be approximated by the formula for the infinite-strip layer of the same shape factor.     

Analytical solution of rectangular plate with in-plane variable stiffness

The bending problem of a thin rectangular plate with in-plane variable stiffness is studied. The basic equation is formulated for the two-opposite-edge simply supported rectangular plate under the distributed loads. The formulation is based on the assumption that the flexural rigidity of the plate varies in the plane following a power form, and Poisson’s ratio is constant. A fourth-order partial differential equation with variable coefficients is derived by assuming a Levy-type form for the transverse displacement. The governing equation can be transformed into a Whittaker equation, and an analytical solution is obtained for a thin rectangular plate subjected to the distributed loads. The validity of the present solution is shown by comparing the present results with those of the classical solution. The influence of in-plane variable stiffness on the deflection and bending moment is studied by numerical examples. The analytical solution presented here is useful in the design of rectangular plates with in-plane variable stiffness.     

Vibration of quadrilateral embedded multilayered graphene sheets based on nonlocal continuum models using the Galerkin method

Free vibration analysis of quadrilateral multilayered graphene sheets(MLGS) embedded in polymer matrix is carried out employing nonlocal continuum mechanics.The principle of virtual work is employed to derive the equations of motion.The Galerkin method in conjunction with the natural coordinates of the nanoplate is used as a basis for the analysis.The dependence of small scale effect on thickness,elastic modulus,polymer matrix stiffness and interaction coefficient between two adjacent sheets is illustrated.The non-dimensional natural frequencies of skew,rhombic,trapezoidal and rectangular MLGS are obtained with various geometrical parameters and mode numbers taken into account,and for each case the effects of the small length scale are investigated.     

具有非轴对称刚度转轴的分岔

研究具有非轴对称刚度转轴的１／２亚谐共振和分岔,首先用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理导出运动微分方程,这是刚度系数周期性变化的参数激励方程,然后用多尺度法求得平均方程分岔响应方程和定常解,最后用奇异性理论分析分岔响应方程和定常解的稳定性,得到了局部分岔集和不同区域的不同分岔响应曲线。     

A general tetrakaidecahedron model for open-celled foams

A micro-mechanics model for non-isotropic, open-celled foams is developed using an elongated tetrakaidecahedron (Kelvin model) as the repeating unit cell. Assuming the cell edges possess axial and bending rigidity, the mechanics of deformation of the elongated tetrakaidecahedron lead to a set of equations for the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and tensile strength of the foam in the principal material directions. These equations are written as a function of the cell edge lengths and cross-section properties, the inclination angle and the strength and stiffness of the solid material. This micro-mechanics model employs an elongated Kelvin model geometry which is more general than that employed by previous authors, as the size and shape of the repeating unit cell are defined by specifying three independent dimensions. As a result, the model accounts for an additional variation in the unit cell shape which is not accounted for in the previous models. The effect of this additional shape parameter on the non-isotropic stiffness and strength behavior is demonstrated and the advantages of this more general micro-mechanics model are illustrated.