欹器的原理及设计

介绍中国古代的欹（ji）器．提出欹器有3种可能的形式,并详细介绍了其中一种原理及设计,最后对3种“欹器”的可能性进行了推测．     

欹器的原理及设计

介绍中国古代的欹（ji）器．提出欹器有3种可能的形式,并详细介绍了其中一种原理及设计,最后对3种“欹器”的可能性进行了推测．     

从欹器谈起:关于理论力学中的素质教育问题

由欹器的设计与制作讨论素质教育的几个因素,以及欹器在理论力学课堂教学中的具体应用。     

悬挂式偏心欹器的分析与制作

为制作出结构简单、易于加工的欹器,设计了一种悬挂式偏心的方案.使用MATLAB和Pro/E软件分别建立了数学模型与三维实体模型,对欹器的重心位置变化进行了仿真,在此基础上提出可行悬挂区域的概念,同时分析了若干重要结构参数对悬挂区域面积大小的影响,从机械制造的角度对欹器进行了设计和参数优化,采用机械加工方法加工出实物,并通过注水试验达到预期效果.     

触地式欹器的结构特征及盈虚瓶的设计

孔子所见"虚而欹,中而正,满而覆"的欹器,尚未发现古物;后世众多仿作皆为不对称结构的悬挂式,似有欠缺.本文认为初期欹器为对称结构的触地式陶瓶,源于制作过程中瓶底湿土变形而产生的次品:介绍了注沙式和注水式欹器的结构特征,并在后者植入虹吸管而成"盈虚瓶".     

破碎发射药形状特征量的计算方法

分析了发射药形状特征量与密闭爆发器试验中发射药的燃烧压力曲线之间的关系,提出了估算破 碎发射药形状特征量的方法,并给出了确定发射药形状特征量的详细步骤。对通过落锤实验得到的不同破碎 程度的发射药进行了密闭爆发器实验,并利用建立的方法计算了该发射药的形状特征量,计算结果与实验结 果吻合较好。     

水下航行体通气超空泡形态实验研究

在水洞中对航行体模型的通气超空泡形态及其影响因素进行了系列实验研究。在低速的情况下通过向空化器下游通入空气生成了超空泡。通过改变水洞速度、压力，通气参数，模型外形和状态产生了多种超空泡外形并研究了超空泡外形与空化器、空化数和通气参数之间的关系以及影响超空泡形状的因素，得出了有益的结论。对于下一步的研究工作具有指导意义，对于航行体超空泡外形控制技术的研究具有重要参考价值。     

建筑结构的SMA被动振动控制方法

文章根据Robery K等研制的SMA中心牵引型耗能器的基本原理，设计出一种具有自我保护能力的新型耗能器，并建立了对应的力学模型。在此基础上，利用Brinson相变发展的本构模型从热力学第一定律出发建立了耗能器的热力学平衡方程式，为了探讨耗能器在结构中的被动控制效果，文章以三层单跨框架结构为例建立了结构在耗能器作用下的动力学方程式。最后，文章分别对耗能器与框架结构进行了数值仿真计算。结果表明，耗能器的耗能能力随温度的升高而下降，通过温控器的调节或改变相变温度点，可以使耗能器处于最佳耗能状态；SMA耗能丝材愈短，在相同的耗能器行程下，丝材应变愈大，相变发展愈充分，耗能量愈大，但最大应变不能超过材料的最大可恢复应变；SMA耗能器对结构在地震作用下的动力响应具有较显著的抑制作用，位移的峰值衰减率约50％一70％。     

基于周期拼装的平面压电作动器结构拓扑优化

具有狭长形状的压电作动器有利于输出较大的位移,而采用周期拼装方式实现这类结构则具有制造成本相对较低的优点.本文提出了基于周期拼装的平面压电作动器结构拓扑优化设计的数学模型.其中,以位移输出点作功最大化为设计目标,考虑了材料体积和控制能耗约束,对结构基体材料和压电材料的分布以及控制电压的分布进行优化设计.本文给出了结构响...     

磁流变弹性体自调谐式吸振器及其优化控制

本文研制了一种基于磁流变弹性体的自调谐式吸振器，它利用磁流变弹性体这种新型智能材料作为吸振器的弹性元件和阻尼元件，通过外加磁场控制磁流变弹性体的剪切模量来改变吸振器的固有频率，实现吸振器的移频。并将遗传算法改进移植到吸振器，对其进行优化控制。实验结果表明，这种遗传算法具有全局搜索和快速收敛的特点，它能使吸振器快速找到吸振器减振效果最佳点，并且经过优化控制的磁流变弹性体自调谐式吸振器在移频范围内具有很好的减振效果，减振效果最高可达25dB。     

Anti-synchronization between identical and non-identical fractional-order chaotic systems using active control method

This article deals with the anti-synchronization between two identical chaotic fractional-order Qi system, Genesio–Tesi system, and also between two different fractional-order Genesio–Tesi and Qi systems using active control method. The chaotic attractors of the systems are found for fractional-order time derivatives described in Caputo sense. Numerical simulation results which are carried out using Adams–Boshforth–Moulton method show that the method is reliable and effective for anti-synchronization of nonlinear dynamical evolutionary systems.     

The effects of fractional order on a 3-D quadratic autonomous system with four-wing attractor

In this paper, a fractional 3-dimensional (3-D) 4-wing quadratic autonomous system (Qi system) is analyzed. Time domain approximation method (Grunwald–Letnikov method) and frequency domain approximation method are used together to analyze the behavior of this fractional order chaotic system. It is found that the decreasing of the system order has great effect on the dynamics of this nonlinear system. The fractional Qi system can exhibit chaos when the total order less than 3, although the regular one always shows periodic orbits in the same range of parameters. In some fractional order, the 4 wings are decayed to a scroll using the frequency domain approximation method which is different from the result using time domain approximation method. A surprising finding is that the phase diagrams display a character of local self-similar in the 4-wing attractors of this fractional Qi system using the frequency approximation method even though the number and the characteristics of equilibria are not changed. The frequency spectrums show that there is some shrinking tendency of the bandwidth with the falling of the system states order. However, the change of fractional order has little effect on the bandwidth of frequency spectrum using the time domain approximation method. According to the bifurcation analysis, the fractional order Qi system attractors start from sink, then period bifurcation to some simple periodic orbits, and chaotic attractors, finally escape from chaotic attractor to periodic orbits with the increasing of fractional order α in the interval [0.8,1]. The simulation results revealed that the time domain approximation method is more accurate and reliable than the frequency domain approximation method.     

Generalized passivity-based chaos synchronization

In this paper, a new passivity-based synchronization method for a general class of chaotic systems is proposed. Based on the Lyapunov theory and the linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach, the passivity-based controller is presented to make the synchronization error system not only passive but also asymptotically stable. The proposed controller can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem represented by the LMI. Simulation studies for the Genesio-Tesi chaotic system and the Qi chaotic system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Scaling laws for gas-solid riser flow through two-fluid model simulation

Scale up of gas-solid circulating fluidized bed (CFB) risers poses many challenges to researchers.In this paper,CFD investigation of hydrodynamic scaling laws for gas-solid riser flow was attempted on the basis of two-fluid model simulations,in particular,the recently developed empirical scaling law of Qi,Zhu,and Huang (2008).A 3D computational model with periodic boundaries was used to perform numerical experiments and to study the effect of various system and operating parameters in hydrodynamic scaling o...     

A modified adaptive control method for synchronization of some fractional chaotic systems with unknown parameters

A modified adaptive control method is developed in this article and the parameters identification method is then applied in fractional order systems with unknown parameters. The new modified control method based on Lyapunov stability theory is successfully applied to investigate the synchronization of pair of fractional order systems amongst Genesio–Tesi, Qi and Chen systems. By means of the Adams–Bosford–Moulton method, the numerical results show that the modified method is easy to implement and reliable for synchronizing the two different fractional order chaotic systems.     

????????????е?????

以晚清数学家李善兰和西方传教士丁韪良译著中出现的符号为代表, 对其在图形和计算过程中的应用规律、特点作一些分析对比, 进一步归纳总结, 探讨晚清力学译著中的符号系统. 揭示晚清时期符号系统在力学学科的发展和使用状况.      

脉搏波系统的力学模型及反演兼对若干中医学问题的讨论

对脉搏波进行客观化定量研究,是我们面临的跨中医与西医、跨医学与数理学科的新挑战,是中国传统医学现代化发展的重点研究课题之一.本文遵循中医整体观点的传统思路,把脉搏波系统理解为生命能量以波的形式在血液中传播的整个系统,从连续介质力学的波动理论出发,为脉搏波系统建立一个等价的力学模型,并把力学反演方法推广发展到脉搏波.指出脉搏波是压力波P（X,t）,质点速度波v（X,t）、比容波V（X,t）和内能波E（X,t）这些不同形式波动的总成.脉搏现象包含着血液的流动和在血液中以远快于血液流速之波速传播的携带能量的脉搏波.前者是人眼易见的实体血液的“物质流”,而后者是人眼不易见、以波的形式传播的“能量流”,可分别理解为中医的“血”和“气”.脉搏波的传播特性由反映生命体整体系统的本构方程决定,就其重要性和地位而言,系统本构方程与中医的体质相当,应探索其内在联系.初步讨论了脉搏波系统本构关系非线性效应和黏性效应对脉搏波特性的影响.      

Flow-induced crystallization of high-density polyethylene: the effects of shear and uniaxial extension

The effects of shear, uniaxial extension and temperature on the flow-induced crystallization of two different types of high-density polyethylene (a metallocene and a ZN-HDPE) are examined using rheometry. Shear and uniaxial extension experiments were performed at temperatures below and well above the peak melting point of the polyethylenes in order to characterize their flow-induced crystallization behavior at rates relevant to processing (elongational rates up to 30 s^− 1 and shear rates 1 to 1,000 s^− 1 depending on the application). Generally, strain and strain rate found to enhance crystallization in both shear and elongation. In particular, extensional flow was found to be a much stronger stimulus for polymer crystallization compared to shear. At temperatures well above the melting peak point (up to 25°C), polymer crystallized under elongational flow, while there was no sign of crystallization under simple shear. A modified Kolmogorov crystallization model (Kolmogorov, Bull Akad Sci USSR, Class Sci, Math Nat 1:355–359, 1937) proposed by Tanner and Qi (Chem Eng Sci 64:4576–4579, 2009) was used to describe the crystallization kinetics under both shear and elongational flow at different temperatures.     

结构强度在线分析的光电复合法

本文将电测方法与光弹性方法结合在一起,导出了应用读数应变εd就可以获取准静态情况下结构的载荷P,危险截面位置和最大应力峰值σmax(X0Y0Z0)的理论计算方法,从而为结构的在线强度评价提供一种实验分析方法,文中导出的εd-t,P-t,k-t及σ－t诸曲线谱的相关性理论,不仅揭示了εd与未知载荷P,无量纲应力系数K及应力σ之间的关系,更重要的是这种分析思想与计算机技术结合在一起,可以达到设备强度自动报敬警的作用,作为一个实例,作者应用本理论成功地解决了某钢厂热轧线上一个粗轧机机架在线的应力强度评价难题。     

Three-dimensional isothermal lava flows over a non-axisymmetric conical surface

Within the thin-layer approximation for a highly-viscous heavy incompressible fluid, a hydrodynamicmodel of a 3D isothermal lava flow over a non-axisymmetric conical surface is constructed. Using analytical methods, a self-similar solution for the law of leading-edge propagation is obtained in the case of a flow from a non-axisymmetric source located at the apex of a conical surface with smoothly varying properties. In the case of a flow over a substantially non-axisymmetric surface, it is shown that there exists a self-similar solution for the free-surface shape and the law of leading-edge motion. This solution is studied numerically for particular examples of the substrate surface and the source. In the general case of a non-self-similar flow over a substantially non-axisymmetric conical surface, a local analytical solution is obtained for the free-surface shape and the velocity field near the leading flow front.