灰色相关性分析在结构静力损伤识别中的应用

基于灰色理论的相关性分析方法，首次提出了灰色曲率关联系数的概念并将其应用到结构的静力损伤识别中，提出了对局部损伤十分敏感的静态位移曲率置信因子SDCACi，通过该因子的大小对各节点所连接的单元是否会发生损伤进行精确的判断，然后运用最小二乘法对损伤区域的损伤程度进行识别．并将该方法应用于两端固支梁的损伤识别中，由识别结果可以证明：不论测量数据(用有限元仿真计算并考虑了测量误差)的多少，该方法对结构中的单损伤和多损伤都能进行准确的定位，因此该方法在大型结构及复杂结构的损伤识别中具有广阔的应用前景．     

组合结构结合部动态参数的实验识别方法

根据两种不同的试验情况，提出了相应的利用实测传递函数识别组合结构结合部刚度、阻尼参数的方法，给出了识别过程的数学原理，该方法避免了对实测传递函数矩阵求逆运算，有效地防止了测试误差在识别过程的扩大化，计算机仿真试验表明，本文方法数值计算稳定，识别效果良好。     

基于重构相空间的结构损伤识别方法

介绍了混沌理论中相空间重构技术,应用到结构损伤检测与健康监测中。以单自由度弹簧振子为例分析了基于相空间拓扑结构变化的损伤检测方法的可行性,结果表明,当弹簧的刚度降低,相空间拓扑结构发生明显变化,表明该检测方法是可行的。利用相空间重构技术,直接将结构动态响应以相空间的形式展开,根据损伤前后相空间拓扑结构的变化,提出了新的损伤因子。为了验证本方法的可行性与可靠性,进行了圆拱结构动态实验并进行损伤识别。实验结果表明,本方法能够成功地识别出圆拱结构的损伤位置及损伤程度,且灵敏度较之常用的动力指纹方法有了很大的提高。本方法只需单个测点就能计算出该点损伤因子的值,可作为结构整体参量来监测结构是否存在损伤以及结构健康状况     

埋入压电元件的自诊断智能结构的理论分析与实验研究

将压电元件埋设于复合材料层板结构中，可实现结构应变分布的在线监测。本文提出一种采用压电应变传感器阵列和人工神经网络模型的自诊断方法，对局部埋入压电应变传感元件的平板结构进行了分析，采用神经网络模型根据压电传感器组的输出识别结构承载位置和大小，对该方法进行了数值模拟和实验验证。     

液体密封端面倾斜椭圆孔上游泵送特性

气液异相介质隔离密封的实现有赖于密封端面几何型槽的上游泵送特性，为探索多孔端面实现液封气密封的设计途径，对液体密封端面倾斜椭圆孔上游泵送特性开展研究. 考虑空化效应，采用有限差分方法对转速、密封间隙、密封压力等操作参数和孔深、倾斜角、方向因子、孔数等结构参数对开启力和泄漏率的影响规律进行了数值分析. 结果显示:液体润滑条件下端面倾斜椭圆孔可产生明显的上游泵送效应，增加周向孔数和方向因子可实现被密封介质的完全零泄漏，同时可产生明显的流体动压效应使端面开启力提高50%以上. 文中密封压力条件下，孔深取5~10 μm，倾斜角取45°，周向孔数大于80，方向因子大于3时，密封可实现完全反向泵送，反向泄漏率的增加与随着孔数、方向因子和孔深的增加而增加.      

曲率模态及其在桁架桥梁损伤识别中应用

当前桥梁的安全性问题日益引起人们的广泛关注，对桥梁结构进行状态监测和安全评估成为众多学者的研究课题。在目前所采用的各种方法中，模态分析法的应用最为广泛，通过监测桥梁的模态参数即可获得其状态信息。通常在模态分析中所采用的参数如：固有频率、振型等参数，反映的都是结构的整体特性，难以用来确定故障位置，只有利用能够表征结构局部特性信息的模态参数曲率模态的变化，才能完成桥梁状态监测工作。本文以1：10钢桁架桥梁模型为研究对象，用有限元模型及实验模型进行局部损伤的识别，实验采用锤击法及变时基(VTB)技术对桥梁模型进行了模态分析。识别表明，通过曲率模态的变化可明显识别结构的损伤部位，取得了很好的识别效果。为今后桥梁结构损伤识别提供了一种可行的研究方法。     

基于经验小波变换和卷积神经网络的水泵水轮机无叶区流态特征提取及识别研究

监测和识别原型水泵水轮机无叶区的流动状态，对于保证抽水蓄能电站的运行安全性和稳定性有非常重要的意义。本文提出了一种基于经验小波变换、散布熵和卷积神经网络原理的流态特征提取和识别方法，首先使用经验小波变换对压力脉动信号进行分解，然后通过计算各分量的散布熵提取流态相关特征，最后通过利用特征–标签对训练卷积神经网络得到的智能识别模型，实现了无叶区流态识别。利用从国内某水泵水轮机采集到的发电、抽水和空转工况下实测压力脉动信号对该方法进行了测试，测试的平均准确率达到了94.84%，证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于因子分析的简支梁桥损伤识别

为了降低测量噪声对桥梁损伤检测结果的影响,提高检测方法在实际工程中的实用性,提出了一种基于因子分析的简支梁桥损伤识别方法。首先,对采集的位移信号进行因子分析,得到信号的公共因子和特殊因子,通过去除公共因子达到降噪目的。然后,采用统计方法和D-S证据理论对特殊因子进行处理并构造损伤指标。通过一个简支梁桥有限元模型的算例进行数值分析,讨论了噪声、车辆移动速度及质量对损伤识别产生的影响。结果表明：车速在30～80 km/h范围内时,所提方法可以准确定位较小程度的结构损伤;此外,噪声和载质量对识别结果影响较小,满足实际工况需求,说明所提方法具有很强的抗噪能力和实用价值。     

催化重整单元氢气气团爆炸超压分析

基于计算流体力学分析软件（FLACS），以催化重整反应单元为例建立事故模型，研究不同形状障碍物、泄漏位置，对不同泄漏时间和泄漏监测点的氢气爆炸超压的影响情况。通过研究，建立了与气体燃烧热与爆炸监测点距气团中心距离相关的最大爆炸超压模型。研究结果表明，在研究设计的遮挡物条件下，气体爆炸最大超压与折合距离在对数坐标系中均呈近似线性关系；对于不同的遮挡物，爆炸超压模型需进行修正；在反应器中部发生的事故场景，泄漏5 min后最大爆炸超压明显增大。     

既有钢桁梁桥损伤识别与诊断方法研究

从结构动力学基本理论出发，对既有钢桁梁桥的损伤识别与诊断方法进行了研究. 通过选取钢桁梁桥损伤前、后的固有频率作为特征参数，并应用BP神经网络方法和MATLAB方法对桥梁损伤识别和诊断过程进行了深入细致地分析，提出了一套完整的桥梁损伤识别和诊断过程流程图. 最后，用一实际钢桁梁桥的损伤识别进行了数值模拟，计算结果证明了该方法的准确性和有效性.     

Experimental and CFD investigation of flow behavior and sand erosion pattern in a horizontal pipe bend under annular flow

The internal erosion of pipelines in oil and gas storage and transportation engineering is highly risky. High gas velocity of annular flow entrained sand will cause damage to the pipelines, and may further result in thinning of the wall. If this damage lasts for a long time, it may cause pipeline leakage and cause huge economic losses and environmental problems. In this research, an experimental device for studying multiphase flow erosion is designed, including an erosion loop and an experimental elbow that can test the erosion rate. The annular flow state and pipe wall erosion morphology can also be tested by the device. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is combined with the experiment to further study the annular flow erosion mechanism in the pipeline. The relationship between gas-liquid-solid distribution and erosion profile was studied. The results show that the most eroded region occurs between 22.5° and 45° in the axial angle direction and between 90° and 135° in the circumferential angle direction of the elbow. The pits and deep scratches form on the surface of the sample after the sand collision.     

基于水力瞬变与扩展卡尔曼滤波的管道流体监测与泄漏定位

引入一种长输管道流体监测与泄漏定位的新方法,将管道流动的瞬变流模型转化为状态空间模型的描述,以管线沿程流量、压强水头为状态变量,管道进口流量和出口压力视做非线性动态系统的控制输入,出口流量和进口压力观测序列构成系统的测量向量。基于小信号原理首先线性化处理非线性模型,然后用扩展的卡尔曼滤波器结合传统的双曲方程特征线解法估计泄漏尺寸与位置,并实时模拟出管道流体的压力流量过程及其沿管道的分布。试验和仿真算例表明此法模拟的管道流动状态能较快收敛到稳定状态,并且泄漏尺寸估计与定位的结果与给定值比较吻合。因此引入扩展的卡尔曼滤波能够提高瞬变流模拟管道非定常流动的准确性和跟踪能力。     

空间管路振动频率计算的精确传递矩阵法

考虑了流体定常压力和流速，建立了空间管系振动及声传播的传递矩阵法。该方法可计算空间管系的频率、模态及动力响应。用该方法对典型耐压管路频率计算与解析解对比表明该方法是正确的。     

Numerical study on mitigating severe slugging in pipeline/riser system with wavy pipe

The gas/liquid two-phase flow in pipeline/wavy-pipe/riser systems was investigated numerically with CFD. A CFD model of the pipeline/wavy-pipe/riser system was obtained by adding a wavy pipe to the model of the pipeline/riser system verified by the experimental data previously. The effects of the geometrical parameters and location of the wavy pipe on its performance of slug mitigation and flow characteristics in pipeline/wavy-pipe/riser systems were examined through the CFD models. With the increase of the amplitude or length of the wavy pipe, the slug in the pipeline/riser system becomes shorter. The optimum location of the wavy pipe in the pipeline exists for a pipeline/riser system and a wavy pipe at given operating conditions. The CFD modelling provides a feasible and flexible way to investigate the effectiveness of the wavy pipes on mitigating severe slugging in pipeline/riser systems.     

Identification of the Impact Location in a Gas Duct System Based on Acoustic Wave Theory and the Time Frequency

This paper presents a new method for detecting the impact location in a buried gas duct. Gas leakage is often caused by the mechanical impact forces of construction equipment. In order to prevent gas leakage due to an impact force, it is necessary to detect the impact location at an early stage. For the detection of the impact location in a pipeline system, the correlation method has been used as the conventional method. For the application of the correlation method, the diameter of a duct should be small so that the acoustic wave inside the duct can propagate with non-dispersive characteristics, in the form of, for example, a plane wave. However, when the diameter of the duct is large, the acoustic waves inside the duct propagate with dispersive characteristics owing to the reflection of the acoustic wave off of the wall of the duct. This dispersive characteristic is related to the acoustic modes inside a duct. Therefore, the correlation method does not work correctly for the detection of the impact location. This paper proposes new methods of accurately measuring the arrival time delay between two sensors attached to duct line system. This method is based on the time-frequency analyses of the short time Fourier transform (STFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT). These methods can discriminate direct waves (non-dispersive waves) and reflective waves (dispersive waves) from the measured wave signals through the time-frequency analysis. The direct wave or the reflective wave is used to estimate the arrival time delay. This delay is used for the identification of the impact location. This systematic method can predict the impact location due to the impact forces of construction equipment with more accuracy than the correlation method.     

干气密封旋转流场的宏观特性与介观速度场的逻辑关系研究

旋转流场中的流体流动比较复杂，特别是在高转速、微尺度工况时，流场中的流体流态及其判断方法缺乏完备的理论模型. 选择干气密封作为高速旋转流场的研究对象，以开启力和泄漏量作为宏观特性表征指标参数，选择剪切(周向)、径向及轴向速度分量对速度流场进行介观表述，通过Fluent软件仿真计算大跨距转速(低转速至超高转速)时的宏观、介观指标参数，研究密封性能指标参数与速度场间的内在逻辑关系. 结果表明:低速旋转流场中的轴向速度分量较小，可忽略不计，转速升高会促使轴向速度分量持续增大，当转速持续增大并超过某一临界值时，轴向速度分量会出现迅速升高的情形；轴向速度分量的变化情形与微尺度流场(开启力和泄漏量)波动密切相关，是影响旋转流场流态的关键性指标参数，也是引起宏观流场特性变化的主要因素；径向速度分量的变化情形与微尺度流场泄漏量的变化规律基本一致，随着转速的增大，泄漏量的宏观性能反馈要早于开启力波动的出现. 基于以上研究，同时根据管道雷诺数、流量因子判定模型及流体力学基本理论，尝试提出了基于三维速度分量的针对旋转流场流态的椭球判定模型.      

Some aspects of physical and numerical modeling of water hammer in pipelines

In this work, a computational method was used for the prediction of water transmission failure. The proposed method allowed for any arbitrary combination of devices in the water pipeline system. The method used was by a scale model and a prototype (real) system for a city main water pipeline where transient flow was caused by the failure of a transmission system.     

Transient gas liquid flow in hilly terrain pipelines

Two phase flow in a hilly terrain pipeline, composed of uphill and downhill sections, exhibits a complex transient behavior at low flow rates owing to the accumulation of liquid in the low elbows and gas in the top elbows. At low flow rates gravity has a dominant effect, while frictional losses can be neglected.In this work a simplified modeling approach is proposed that is able to predict the transient behavior of gas and liquid flowing in a complex terrain pipeline with multiple valleys. The condition that marks the boundary between severe slugging cyclic behavior and steady state flow is included.An experimental system which consists of three hilly sections was constructed. The experimental data were compared to the predicted results, yielding reasonable agreement in spite of the simplifying model assumptions.     

A finite element method for transient compressible flow in pipelines

A finite element method is developed to solve the partial differential equations describing the unsteady flow of gas in pipelines. Excellent agreement is obtained between simulated results and experimental data from a fullscale gas pipeline. The method is used to describe very transient flow (blowout), and to determine the performance of leak detection systems, and proves to be very stable and reliable.     

WATER HAMMER PRESSURE OF HYDRAULIC LIFTING PIPELINE IN DEEP-SEA MINING PILOT SYSTEM

深海采矿系统可能由于突然停泵、断电或机械故障等引起提升管道中流体速度瞬间变化, 导致管道内压力剧烈变化, 这种水击现象对管道破坏极大. 基于固液两相流体连续性原理和动量定理, 推导出含粗颗粒的固液两相流体管道水击压力的计算公式. 采用深海采矿中试系统参数, 模拟计算不同水体流速、不同流体浓度以及不同管径条件下的水击压力. 分析结果表明, 流速、体积浓度和管径是影响水击压力的重要因素, 其中, 流速影响最大. 研究结果可为深海采矿系统工程设计提供依据.